Résumé
Aim To establish an in vitro arrhythmia detection technique based on real-time cell analysis (RTCA) Cardio sys-tem with aconitine as a tool drug, and to provide a reliable method for the development of antiarrhythmic drugs. Methods The effects of aconitine on rat cardiac rhythm were detected by eight-channel physiological recorder at the level of whole animal. In vitro cultured cardiac myocytes, the inoculation density of cardiac myocytes was investigated by HTCA method, the effect of aconitine on cardiac beating was monitored by RTCA Cardio system, and the CI value, beating rate, amplitude and irregular rhythm of cardiac myocytes were analyzed. Results Eight-channel physiological recorder was used to detect the effects of aconitine on whole animals. The results showed that aconitine(50 mg • g"1) could induce arrhythmias such as ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, shortened RR interval and increased heart rate. RTCA Cardio system showed that aconitine (2-8 p,M) could induce arrhythmias such as increased cardiac cell beating frequency, decreased beating amplitude and abnormal beating state in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusions RTCA Cardio system can rapidly, sensitively and accurately detect the arrhythmia induced by aconitine in cardiac myocytes, which provides methodological reference for the development of antiarrhythmic drugs.
Résumé
Drug delivery to lungs is becoming an important means of administration of some drugs for lung disease and some protein drugs with systemic effects. This article introduces the inhalation devices and particle characteristics,the two main features of dry powder inhalers (DPI), then reviews the advances on evaluation methods in vitro and in vivo for DPI, such as next generation pharmaceutical impactor (NGI), the imitation between particles and cells using electrodynamic levitation, hydraulic lung and dry powder endotracheal insufflator device, providing references for research and development of DPI evaluation methods.
Résumé
Drug delivery to lungs is becoming an important means of administration of some drugs for lung disease and some protein drugs with systemic effects. This article introduces the inhalation devices and particle characteristics,the two main features of dry powder inhalers (DPI), then reviews the advances on evaluation methods in vitro and in vivo for DPI, such as next generation pharmaceutical impactor (NGI), the imitation between particles and cells using electrodynamic levitation, hydraulic lung and dry powder endotracheal insufflator device, providing references for research and development of DPI evaluation methods.
Résumé
Background: Medical education has become dynamic and challenging. But teaching time has remained the same, In fact it is reduced to one year for I M.B.B.S. Though the curriculum is meant for I MBBS students, they were never involved directly in planning the curriculum and assessment methods. So this study is an effort to throw some light on what students feel about the current scenario. Materials and Method: Input from 200 I MBBS students were collected by using a questionnaire comprising of questions relating to the curriculum, teaching methodology and assessment techniques in the Department of Physiology at B. J. Medical College, Pune. Results :50% students felt that the duration of I MBBS should be 10-12 months while 31% felt that it should remain same (8-10 months). Regarding most enjoyable way of learning 46% students said Practical’s are most enjoyable way of learning followed by Lectures (30%).About the usefulness of various teaching aids, 71% students felt that PowerPoint presentations are most helpful for understanding the topic. Students strongly felt that one system should be taught by single teacher (78.5%).For clinical demonstration in physiology, 55% students think ratio of teacher to student should be 1:25. Regarding assessment, 70% students felt that it should be at the end of each system. As far as the mode of assessment is concerned, 53% students felt that short answer questions are the most effective way of theory assessment Conclusion :Planning about the duration of course, teaching methodology and assessment techniques can be revised taking into consideration the student’s opinion.