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Objective@#To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of poor eyesight among primary and middle school students in Tongzhou District, Beijing Municipality, so as to provide the evidence for developing control strategies for poor eyesight among primary and middle school students.@* Methods@#Grades 3 to 6 students in district- and township-level primary schools, grades 1 to 3 students in district- and township-level junior high schools, and grades 1 to 3 district- and township-level high schools were sampled in Tongzhou District using the stratified cluster sampling method from 2020 to 2021. Basic information, daily activity, sleep duration and eye-using habits were collected using the specific questionnaires for poor eyesight and influencing factors among students in the 2018 national program for common diseases and health risk factors surveillance program among Chinese students, and the height and body weight were measured. Factors affecting poor eyesight were among primary and middle school students identified using a multivariable logistic regression model. @*Results@#A total of 771 valid questionnaires were recovered, and the respondents included 392 male students (50.84%) and 379 female students (49.16%), and 321 primary school students (41.63%), 228 junior high school students (29.57%) and 222 high school students (28.79%). The prevalence of poor eyesight was 73.54% among the respondents. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that education phase (junior high school, OR=2.940, 95%CI: 1.931-4.476; high school, OR=5.998, 95%CI: 3.701-9.723) , obesity (OR=1.989, 95%CI: 1.258-3.146), daily exercise duration of less than 1 h (OR=1.931, 95%CI: 1.351-2.760), daily sleep duration of less than 8 h (OR=1.719, 95%CI: 1.193-2.477), at least 33 cm distance between a reading book and eyes (sometimes, OR=2.165, 95%CI: 1.320-3.550; never, OR=2.634, 95%CI: 1.767-3.928) and continuous short-distance eye use duration of 1 h and longer (OR=1.455, 95%CI: 1.020-2.078) were associated with poor eyesight among primary and middle school students.@*Conclusions@# The prevalence of poor eyesight is high among primary and middle school students in Tongzhou District. Higher grade, obesity, inadequate exercise and sleep duration and poor eye-using habits may increase the risk of poor eyesight.
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With the development of modern agriculture and horticulture, solar greenhouse technology has been widely used in China, and solar greenhouse workers are gradually becoming a new occupational group. The single exposures or co-exposures to chemical, biological, physical, and human ergonomic factors in solar greenhouses may cause adverse health effects on multiple systems and organs. The special column "Solar greenhouse workers' health" focused on the associations of solar greenhouse working with the workers' health status of musculoskeletal system and eyes, and the relationship with the blood biochemical indicators related to metabolic diseases.
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Background Due to long working time and complex and changeable lighting conditions, greenhouse workers' anisometropia is an issue of concern. Objective This study is conducted to evaluate the relationship between solar greenhouse working and anisometropia of workers. Methods Subjects of a solar greenhouse group and a non-greenhouse group in northwest area of China were selected. Questionnaire survey was used to collect general demographicinformation. Standard Logarithmic Visual Acuity Chart (GB 11533—2011) was used to measure naked eye vision before working, the absolute value of binocular visual acuity difference was calculated and converted into classification variables, and both anisometropia absolute value and classification variables of anisometropia were used as indicators to compare the difference of the two groups. A cumulative exposure index that multiplies exposure time and number of greenhouses was further introduced to evaluate cumulative exposure levels of the greenhouse workers and was used to divide them into low, medium, and high cumulative exposure subgroups. Generalized linear model and logistic regression model were used to analyze possible risk factors associated with anisometropia. Results A total of 1002 subjects were enrolled in this study, including 739 workers in the greenhouse group and 263 workers in the non-greenhouse group. The medians (interquartile intervals) of anisometropia of the greenhouse group and non-greenhouse group were 0.1 (0, 0.2) and 0 (0, 0.1) respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The proportions of anisometropia=0, ≤0.2, and >0.2 in the greenhouse group were 34.2%, 55.2%, and 10.6%, respectively, and those in the non-greenhouse group were 58.2%, 34.6%, and 7.2%, respectively. The difference of anisometropia distribution between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). According to the cumulative exposure index, the greenhouse group was divided into low, medium, and high cumulative exposure subgroups, with 154 (21.0%), 188 (25.6%), and 392 (53.4%) workers, respectively. There was no statistical significance in anisometropia among workers with different cumulative exposure levels (P>0.05). The results of multiple generalized linear analysis showed that greenhouse working was a risk factor of anisometropia (b=0.053, P<0.05), and the results of multiple logistic regression analysis showed that greenhouse working was associated with an increased risk of anisometropia (OR=2.586, 95%CI: 1.473-4.539). The results of multiple generalized linear analysis showed that medium exposure level increased the degree of anisometropia after adjusting age, gender, and other factors (b=0.054, P<0.05). Conclusion Solar greenhouse working may be a risk factor for increasing anisometropia in workers.
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Background:There are some common diseases found among the students of different areas in Bangladesh which are either communicable or non-communicable. Different infectious diseases occur due to lack of hygiene practice and non-infectious diseases are developed because of many irregular daily habits all over the world. Our aim was to evaluate the habit of practicing hygiene and other daily activities to observe their impacts on the health status among the students from different regions of Chattogram in Bangladesh.Methods:With ethical approval, questionnaire forms of daily habits/activities were filled up by 750 students of different educational institutions. The data were analysed afterwards. Results:Among the population of the study 89% (n=667) students werefound to take regular bath; hand washing was regular among 32% (n=240) students, 54% (n=405) students were irregular in hand washing and the rests wash their hands rarely; on the other hand 41% (n=308) students consume street foods regularly; 38% (n=285) students wear eyeglasses due to weak sight; 23% (n=173) suffer from different skin diseases and 63% (n=473) students usually suffer from different gastro intestinal diseases.Conclusions:Our results are not so frustrating, but also not so much good as majority of the students are fond of unhealthy street foods, don’t wash hands regularly and more than half of the students suffer from GI tract diseases with other health problems. It could be recommended that some daily habits including avoiding street foods, intake of sufficient drinking water and hygiene practices should be improved more.
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@#AIM:To analyze the visual status and prevalence of myopia in adolescent and children's cohort in Gaoping, Shanxi Province, and further discuss influencing factors of myopia. <p>METHODS:The data was from November 2018 to January 2019 in Gaoping, Shanxi Province. A multi-stage sampling method was used to select 181 big class children from kindergarten, 948 primary school students, 432 middle school students and 244 high school students. The questionnaires were distributed to those students, vision and diopter tests were conducted. Based on that information, the study analyzes the occurrence of myopia and its influencing factors in adolescent and children's cohort in this area.<p>RESULTLS: Totally 1805 students were selected in this study. The detection rate of poor eyesight was 78.28%(1413/1805). The prevalence of myopia was 64.38%(1162/1805), and the rate of wearing glasses was 51.46%(598/1162)in the myopic population. With the development of learning stage and age, the prevalence of myopia increased. The prevalence of myopia in girls(66.81%)was higher than that in boys(61.73%), and the prevalence of myopia in urban areas(66.54%)was higher than that in rural areas(61.52%). Regression analysis results show that learning distance is a protective factor for the occurrence of myopia, while daily learning time, sweet food, time of first vision decrease, and interval between time of first vision decrease and time of wearing glasses are risk factors for myopia.<p>CONCLUSION: The prevalence of myopia among adolescents and children in Gaoping, Shanxi Province is relatively high. Using eyes at close range for a long time, unreasonable diet, and lagging prevention and intervention measures are all factors that can cause myopia.
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@#AIM:To analyze the visual status and prevalence of myopia in adolescent and children's cohort in Gaoping, Shanxi Province, and further discuss influencing factors of myopia. <p>METHODS:The data was from November 2018 to January 2019 in Gaoping, Shanxi Province. A multi-stage sampling method was used to select 181 big class children from kindergarten, 948 primary school students, 432 middle school students and 244 high school students. The questionnaires were distributed to those students, vision and diopter tests were conducted. Based on that information, the study analyzes the occurrence of myopia and its influencing factors in adolescent and children's cohort in this area.<p>RESULTLS: Totally 1805 students were selected in this study. The detection rate of poor eyesight was 78.28%(1413/1805). The prevalence of myopia was 64.38%(1162/1805), and the rate of wearing glasses was 51.46%(598/1162)in the myopic population. With the development of learning stage and age, the prevalence of myopia increased. The prevalence of myopia in girls(66.81%)was higher than that in boys(61.73%), and the prevalence of myopia in urban areas(66.54%)was higher than that in rural areas(61.52%). Regression analysis results show that learning distance is a protective factor for the occurrence of myopia, while daily learning time, sweet food, time of first vision decrease, and interval between time of first vision decrease and time of wearing glasses are risk factors for myopia.<p>CONCLUSION: The prevalence of myopia among adolescents and children in Gaoping, Shanxi Province is relatively high. Using eyes at close range for a long time, unreasonable diet, and lagging prevention and intervention measures are all factors that can cause myopia.
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Cuscuta chinensis is a commonly used traditional Chinese herbal medicine. Cuscuta chinensis has a long history of clinical application in the treatment of varieties of ocular diseases. This review summarized the literatures related to its clinical applications, research progresses in the ophthalmic pharmacology and active ingredients. It was aimed to provide a theoretical basis for the further development and utilization of Cuscuta Chinensis as an effective medication.
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@#AIM:To analyze the visual acuity and diopter of students at different learning stages in Baoshan District, Shanghai. <p>METHODS: By stratified random sampling, 3002 students were randomly selected from 14 grades of Baoshan from middle class in kindergarten to senior three in middle school. Chi-square analysis and Kruskal-Wallis <i>H</i> test were used to compare the difference of myopia rate, refractive error rate and visual impairment among students at different learning stages and gender. <p>RESULTS: With the increase of learning stage, the rate of poor eyesight increased from 18.52% to 87.12%. There were differences in the rate of poor eyesight among different learning stages(<i>P</i><0.05). There were differences in the proportion of poor eyesight between boys and girls in junior and senior middle schools(<i>P</i><0.05). There were differences in the rate of poor eyesight with different degrees(<i>P</i><0.01). The proportion of myopia in different learning stages was different(<i>P</i><0.05).<p>CONCLUSION:The rate of poor eyesight in students is high in Baoshan District. Attention should be paid to eye care of students.
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Objective To understand the occurrence status of poor eyesight,dry eye in primary and middle school students and its correlation.Methods School was used as sampling unit,and 300 cases of primary and middle school students were selected by stratified cluster random sampling.Results The poor vision prevalence rate was 48.0%,the prevalence rate of dry eye was 6.7%,the rate of poor eyesight with the grade increasing trend was gradu-ally increased,and the incidence of women was higher than men.The indicators of the observation group[BUT(tear) (6.4 ±2.4)s,SIt(Schirmer test)(10.4 ±4.9)mm,FL(corneal fluorescein staining)(3.1 +0.9)]were significantly better than the control group[BUT(13.7 ±3.3)s,SIt(15.3 ±5.4)mm,FL(1.8 ±1.0)],there were statistically significant differences between the two groups(t =12.6,4.7,-6.8,all P <0.05).Conclusion Students of poor eyesight and dry eye is high prevalence,and the poor eyesight is a dry eye prone group,right eye should be a reasona-ble way of life to students.
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·AIM:To analyze the clinical efficacy of Ranibizumab in the treatment of wet age-related macular degeneration ( ARMD) .·METHODS: Clinical data of patients with wet age-related macular degeneration received treatment of ranibizumab at our hospital from 2015 to 2017 were analyzed. At 1mo after treatment, the clinical efficacy, ocular hemodynamics and ocular inflammation were evaluated.·RESULTS: A total of 41 patients were analyzed. After treatment, patients got significantly increased in LogMAR (0. 651 ± 0. 067 vs 0. 321 ± 0. 049; t= 25. 460, P<0. 01 ) and decreased in central foveal thickness ( 239. 1 ± 51. 9μm vs 452. 9±69. 8μm;t=15. 740, P<0. 01). There was no serious complication during treatment period. After treatment, the levels of TNF-α (13. 1±4. 1ng/L vs 16. 1±3. 5ng/L; t=3. 563, P<0. 01) and IL-6 (12. 1±1. 9ng/L vs 13. 8±2. 5ng/L;t = 3. 467, P < 0. 01 ) in aqueous fluid decreased significantly. There was no significantly changes of blood flow volume of central retinal artery and ophthalmic artery at peak systolic velocity and end diastolic velocity before and after treatment (P>0. 05).·CONCLUSION: In the treatment of wet age- related macular degeneration, the ranibizumab shows a good therapeutic effect without serious adverse drug reactions.
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?AlM: To explore the effects of the prescription of reinforcing kidney, nourishing blood, improving eyesight on the oxidative stress model of ARPE-19 cells induced by acrolein. ?METHODS:SD rats serum containing the prescription of reinforcing kidney, nourishing blood, improving eyesight and the content of distilled water in serum were prepared. The effects of the prescription and distilled water in serum at different concentration ( 2. 5%, 5%, 10%, 20% and 40%) on cell vitality was observed by cell counting kit ( CCK-8 ) assay. the logarithmic phase of ARPE-19 cells were pretreated by different concentrations (1. 25%, 2. 5%and 5%) of the prescription serum and distilled water in serum for 24h. Then it was treated with 75μmol/L acrolein for 24h. Cell vitality was observed by CCK-8 assay. The change of cell nucleus was detected by DAPl staining . ?RESULTS: 2. 5% and 5% serum had no effect on cell viability (P>0. 05), while 10%, 20%, 40% serum could inhibit cell viability (P ?CONCLUSlON: The prescription of reinforcing kidney, nourishing blood, improving eyesight has the protective effect on ARPE-19 cell damage induced by acrolein.
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A proposta deste artigo é tensionar, em fotografias produzidas por crianças com deficiência visual, o que se vê e o que se deixa de ver, as visibilidades e invisibilidades objetivadas nas fotos. Sendo as fotografias concebidas como produção discursiva e dialógica, a leitura das mesmas possibilita problematizar a relação que elas estabelecem com a realidade em que vivem. Como procedimentos metodológicos foram eleitos a produção de fotografias e o desenvolvimento de uma oficina estética. Para a análise estabelecemos uma confrontação das fotos no plano da significação, com base na análise dialógica do discurso, a partir da concepção do Círculo de Bakhtin (2010a). Os sentidos enfocados trazem à luz a realidade das crianças, independentemente de serem crianças com deficiência visual. Este aspecto foi muito significativo: os modos de (vi)ver o mundo expressos nas imagens são antes de tudo olhares de meninas e meninos...
The proposal of this article is to tension, in photographs taken by blind children, what is seen and not seen, the visibilities and invisibilities objectified in the photos. Being that the photos conceived as discursive and dialogical production, its reading enables to problematize the relation these children establish with the reality which they live in. As methodological procedures, were elected the photo production and the development of an aesthetic workshop. For the analysis it was established a confrontation of photos on the meaning level, taking the dialogical analysis of speech, from the perception of Bakhtin Circle (2010a). The senses focused bring light to the reality of the children, despite being eye shortage children. This regard was very meaningful: the ways to see/live the world expressed in the images are before anything sights of children...
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Humains , Mâle , Femelle , Enfant , Imagination , Langage , Photographie (méthode) , Personnes malvoyantesRÉSUMÉ
Introdução: A visão é um dos sentidos mais importantes para o desenvolvimento do homem. Aproximadamente 20% das crianças em idade escolar apresentam algum distúrbio oftalmológico, evidenciando a necessidade de promoção da saúde ocular. Objetivo: Avaliar a acuidade visual nas crianças da pré-escola e primeira série de escolas públicas e privadas de Tubarão (SC). Métodos: Estudo transversal, observacional, amostra de 162 crianças examinadas no período de março a maio de 2008. Foram investigadas as variáveis: acuidade visual, sexo, idade, tipo de escola, consulta oftalmológica ou exame de acuidade visual prévios e motivos para não realização, uso de óculos e sua eficácia e percepção da criança quanto à visão. Resultados: Verificou-se prevalência de baixa acuidade visual de 22,8%, sendo maior no sexo masculino e na faixa etária menor de 6 anos. Quanto à instituição, foi encontrada prevalência de 21,1% para a escola pública e de 24,2% para a privada. Do total das crianças analisadas, 27,8% já haviam ido ao oftalmologista; destas, 37,4% de escolas privadas e 15,5% da pública. O motivo para nunca terem ido ao oftalmologista foi a alegação de que a criança nunca precisou de exame oftalmológico. Apenas 21,6% das crianças com deficiência visual usavam óculos; destes, 75,0% ainda apresentavam baixa acuidade visual. Do total, 79,0% referiram boa visão e, destas, 83,2% realmente apresentaram visão normal. Dos 21,0% que referiram visão ruim, 35,1% apresentaram baixa visão. Conclusão: A avaliação da acuidade visual em crianças é importante para detecção e tratamento precoces de alterações visuais.
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Humains , Mâle , Femelle , Enfant d'âge préscolaire , Enfant , Acuité visuelle , Cécité/prévention et contrôle , Établissements scolairesRÉSUMÉ
Objective To observe the changes of AGEs,NO and eyesight in patients with diabetic retinopathy(DR) treated by Aminoguanidine(AG) combined with Doxium.Methods 120 patients with DR were divided into treatment and control groups at random.Two groups were treated routinely with general treatment on DM and the treatment group was added routine dose of aminoguanidine(AG) and Doxium while the control group were treated with urokinasel.After 8 weeks,AGEs,NO and eyesight were determined.Results The level of NO and eyesight in treatment group were higher markedly than control group,AGEs in treatment group were lower most markedly than control group.Conclusion Aminoguanidine and Doxium can improve DR effectively.
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Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of Chinese medicine combined with ion-introduction of Radix Astragali Injection (RAI)for herpes simplex keratitis (HSK).Methods Ninety HSK patients (104 affected eyes)were randomized into two groups.Both of the two groups received anti-virus drugs,and the treatment group (45 patients with 53 affected eyes)received oral use of decoction of Chinese medicines (mainly composed of Semen Cassiae,Fructus Viticis,Periostracum Cidadae,Ramulus Uncariae cum Uncis,Fructus Gardeniae,Fructus Forsythiae,Flos Chrysanthemi,Rhizoma Chuanxiong,etc.),and ion-introduction of RAI.The changes of vision and clinical symptoms before and after treatment were observed,and a 2-year follow-up was carried out.Results In the treatment group,19 eyes were cured,27 effective,7 ineffective,and the total therapeutic effective rate being 86.79%;in the control group,10 eyes were cured,21 effective,20 ineffective,and the total therapeutic effective rate being 60.78%.The therapeutic effect in the treatment group was superior to that in the control group (P
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Objective To observe the effect of liver-soothing and spleen-strengthening,essence-tonifying and eyesight-improving herbal medicine for ametropic amblyopia(AA) in children.Methods AA children were randomized into 2 groups.The two groups received treatment of optometry and sight-enhancing device based on microcomputer.Meanwhile,group A(52 affected eyes in 29 patients) received oral use of Ximing Decoction with liver-soothing and spleen-strengthening,essence-tonifying and eyesight-improving actions,which is mainly composed of Radix Curcumae,Radix Pseudostellariae,Radix Panacis Quinquefolii,Fructus Aurantii Immaturus,Herba Agastaches,Flos Buddlejae,Nux Prinsepiae,Fructus Setariae Germinatus,Radix Ophiopogonis,Fructus Crataegi and Massa Medicata Fermentata.Group B(46 affected eyes in 28 patients) received oral use of levodopa additionally.Seven days constituted one treatment course.The treatment lasted 8 courses.Before and after treatment,corrected visual acuity(CVA) was observed.Results In group A,CVA of 13 eyes were improved,AA of 33 eyes cured,6 eyes ineffective,and the total effective rate was 88.46%.In group B,CVA of 10 eyes were improved,AA of 12 eyes cured,24 eyes ineffective,and the total effective rate was 47.83%.The effect in group A was superior to that in group B(P