Effect of Moringa olifera leaves on growth and gut microbiota of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) / Efeito das folhas da Moringa olifera no crescimento e na microbiota intestinal da tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus)

Abstract The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Moringa olifera on the growth and gut health of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The feed having 30% crude protein was prepared as an experimental diet with 4%, 8% and 10% M. olifera leaf supplementation, respectively. The control diet was devoid of M. olifera leaves. The 10 weeks feeding trial was carried out on 60 fish in aquaria. Fish was fed @ 3% of body weight twice a day. Diet with the high level of inclusion of M. olifera leaves significantly increased the growth rate, Survival Rate (SR), Specific Growth Rate (SGR) and Feed Conversion Efficiency (FCE) in all treatment groups compared to the control group. Similarly, Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) gradually decreased and found highly-significant. To check the gut health of the Tilapia, random samples were selected and dissected. Nutrient agar was used as culture media to check the growth of bacteria. Pour Plate Method was used for viable colonies count by colony counter. Through staining method, the different bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Shigella and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were identify abundantly in the intestine of control diet fish but less number present in treatment diets groups. These results showed that M. olifera leaves up to 10% of dietary protein can be used for Nile tilapia for significant growth and healthy gut microbiota of fish.

Resumo O estudo foi conduzido para avaliar o efeito da Moringa olifera no crescimento e saúde intestinal da tilápia (Oreochromis niloticus). A ração com 30% de proteína bruta foi preparada como dieta experimental com 4%, 8% e 10% de suplementação de folhas de M. olifera, respectivamente. A dieta controle foi desprovida de folhas de M. olifera. O ensaio de alimentação de 10 semanas foi realizado em 60 peixes em aquários. O peixe pesava 3% do peso corporal duas vezes ao dia. A dieta com alto nível de inclusão de folhas de M. olifera aumentou significativamente a taxa de crescimento, taxa de sobrevivência (SR), taxa de crescimento de sobrevivência (SGR) e eficiência de conversão alimentar (FCE) em todos os grupos de tratamento em comparação com o grupo de controle. Da mesma forma, a taxa de conversão de alimentação (FCR) diminuiu gradualmente e foi considerada altamente significativa. Para verificar a saúde intestinal da tilápia, amostras aleatórias foram selecionadas e dissecadas. O ágar nutriente foi usado como meio de cultura para verificar o crescimento das bactérias. O método da placa de Verter foi usado para a contagem de colônias viáveis ​​por contador de colônias. Através do método de coloração, diferentes como Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Shigella e Pseudomonas aeruginosa foram identificados abundantemente no intestino de peixes da dieta controle, mas em menor número nos grupos de dieta de tratamento. Esses resultados mostraram que M. olifera deixa até 10% da proteína dietética e pode ser usado para tilápia do Nilo para um crescimento significativo e microbiota intestinal saudável de peixes.

Effect of Moringa olifera leaves on growth and gut microbiota of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Abstract The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Moringa olifera on the growth and gut health of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The feed having 30% crude protein was prepared as an experimental diet with 4%, 8% and 10% M. olifera leaf supplementation, respectively. The control diet was devoid of M. olifera leaves. The 10 weeks feeding trial was carried out on 60 fish in aquaria. Fish was fed @ 3% of body weight twice a day. Diet with the high level of inclusion of M. olifera leaves significantly increased the growth rate, Survival Rate (SR), Specific Growth Rate (SGR) and Feed Conversion Efficiency (FCE) in all treatment groups compared to the control group. Similarly, Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) gradually decreased and found highly-significant. To check the gut health of the Tilapia, random samples were selected and dissected. Nutrient agar was used as culture media to check the growth of bacteria. Pour Plate Method was used for viable colonies count by colony counter. Through staining method, the different bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Shigella and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were identify abundantly in the intestine of control diet fish but less number present in treatment diets groups. These results showed that M. olifera leaves up to 10% of dietary protein can be used for Nile tilapia for significant growth and healthy gut microbiota of fish.

Resumo O estudo foi conduzido para avaliar o efeito da Moringa olifera no crescimento e saúde intestinal da tilápia (Oreochromis niloticus). A ração com 30% de proteína bruta foi preparada como dieta experimental com 4%, 8% e 10% de suplementação de folhas de M. olifera, respectivamente. A dieta controle foi desprovida de folhas de M. olifera. O ensaio de alimentação de 10 semanas foi realizado em 60 peixes em aquários. O peixe pesava 3% do peso corporal duas vezes ao dia. A dieta com alto nível de inclusão de folhas de M. olifera aumentou significativamente a taxa de crescimento, taxa de sobrevivência (SR), taxa de crescimento de sobrevivência (SGR) e eficiência de conversão alimentar (FCE) em todos os grupos de tratamento em comparação com o grupo de controle. Da mesma forma, a taxa de conversão de alimentação (FCR) diminuiu gradualmente e foi considerada altamente significativa. Para verificar a saúde intestinal da tilápia, amostras aleatórias foram selecionadas e dissecadas. O ágar nutriente foi usado como meio de cultura para verificar o crescimento das bactérias. O método da placa de Verter foi usado para a contagem de colônias viáveis por contador de colônias. Através do método de coloração, diferentes como Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Shigella e Pseudomonas aeruginosa foram identificados abundantemente no intestino de peixes da dieta controle, mas em menor número nos grupos de dieta de tratamento. Esses resultados mostraram que M. olifera deixa até 10% da proteína dietética e pode ser usado para tilápia do Nilo para um crescimento significativo e microbiota intestinal saudável de peixes.

Flexor Carpi Radialis Tendon Rupture due to Repetitive Golf Swing

Flexor carpi radialis (FCR) muscle is located in the forearm anteriorly that runs through a synovial fibro-osseous tunnel in the forearm. We described a case of FCR tendon rupture due to repetitive overuse injury. A 55-year-old man, right-hand dominant, presented with right forearm pain and swelling which started 3 days ago while playing amateur golf. Focal tenderness and bruising over volo-ulnar region of the right forearm were examined. Plain radiographs showed soft tissue edema around lesion area and no detectable fracture. Ultrasonography showed multiple hypoechoic lesions suspected as hematoma of the flexor muscle group. After done magnetic resonance imaging, he was diagnosed with rupture of FCR tendon at proximal origin and strain of flexor digitorum superficialis and palmaris longus muscle. He received compressive dressing and restriction of wrist range of motion for three weeks. Two months later, remaining traces of lesions were observed at the follow-up ultrasonography and the pain disappeared.

Prueba de escalón de Mcardle: una ecuación para estimar el Vo2 máx. en estudiantes de educación física / Mcardle step test: an equation for estimating the VO2 max. in physical education students

El objetivo de esta investigación es obtener una ecuación para determinar VO2 máx. a través de una prueba submáxima utilizando la frecuencia cardíaca de recuperación (FCr). Se diseñó en un estudio descriptivo correlacional dentro de un marco cuantitativo y se evaluó a 18 sujetos, 9 damas y 9 varones, de primero a cuarto año estudiantes de educación física con un muestreo de tipo intencional. Se midió la FCr en la prueba submáxima en escalón de McArdle, utilizando el monitor de FC marca Polar mo-delo V800 (Finlandia), y el consumo máximo de oxígeno (VO2 máx.) en el test de esfuerzo máximo de Bruce con el analizador de gases marca COSMED, modelo Fitmate PRO (Italia). En los resultados, la correlación (coeficiente de Pearson) que se obtuvo fue de r = ­0.84 (p<0.001) la cual se encuentra en una categoría considerable, obteniendo la ecuación y = ­0.4132 x + 110.68 con un error de estimación estándar (EEE) de 5.8 ml.kg.min­1.

The main aim of this research is to obtain an equation to determine the VO2 max through a submaximal test using heart rate recovery (HRr). A correlational descriptive study was designed within a quantitati-ve framework, where 18 subjects, all physical education college students, from freshman to senior year, were evaluated (9 females and 9 males), using diversity sampling (intentional). The HRr was measured in the McArdle submaximal step using the HR monitor, Polar V800 model (Finland), and the VO2 max. in the Bruce maximum effort test was measured with the gas analyzer COSMED model Fitmate PRO (Italy). In the results, the correlation (Pearson coefficient) obtained was r = −0.84 (p<0.001) which is within the considerable category, obtaining the equation y = 0.4132 x + 110.68 with a standard error of estimation (SEE) of 5.8 ml.kg.min−1.

Geometrical Salvage of Split Tooth.

Aims: Management of vertically fractured mandibular first molar by intra coronal splinting applying the finite centre of rotation effect of Pythagorus theorem. Case Presentations: A 28 year old male patient presented at the Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics with the chief complaint of pain in the lower right back region of the mouth since last the 10 days. Past dental history revealed that affected tooth had root canal treatment done two years ago. History of present illness was that pain was elicited on chewing, and applying pressure on that area, with occasional bleeding from the same region. Intraoral examination revealed that tooth 46 was tender on percussion with vertically fractured crown in mesiodistal direction. Periapical Radiograph revealed that tooth was endodontically treated, with radiolucencies at apical and furcal area, and visible fracture line in mesiodistal direction at CEJ level. Technique Used in the Study: The tooth was endodontically retreated and Pythagorus theorem was used to locate the centres of rotation on both buccal and lingual sides of tooth 46 coronally. The technique was followed by drilling a vent at the same position approximating a fibre post (3M, Relyxfibre post). The centres were different both for buccal and lingual aspects which when approximated will provide antirotation. The post was placed in the buccolingual direction and the tooth was restored with posterior composites after which the restoration was checked for any high points. Follow up of the case was done for the period of one year. Discussion: The concept of the estimation of the finite centre of rotation is like the primary objective in tightening a screw joint to generate an optimum preload that will maximize the fatigue life of the screw while offering a reasonable degree of protection against loosening. The major advantage of this approach is that the fragment was stabilized properly and there was healthy development of periodontium over the year. Conclusion: Usually the vertically fractured tooth have poor prognosis and may likely be referred for extraction if not stabilized properly. This case report emphasizes the basic concept of stabilization and preventing rotation around an axis which will give the fractured tooth a better longevity and avoid the vibrations during crown preparation. The combined effect will restore the patient’s own natural tooth back and minimizes the chances of periodontal complication.

Growth response of two Indian major carps catla catla (HAMILTON) and cirrhinus mrigala (HAMILTON) fingerlings fed diet containing different nutritional supplements.

An experiment was conducted to determine the growth performance of two Indian Major Carps Catla catla, and Cirrhinus mrigala fingerlings for period of 40 days. Nine experimental groups fed commercial pellet diet incorporated with three types of nutritional supplements (Gram positive lactobacil probiotic, Parry’s Spirulina and Vitamin C – Ascorbic acid) at different concentrations (2 %, 4 %, & 8 %) and one control group maintained separately for both fingerlings. The results revealed that the Catla fingerlings showed maximum increase in length (28.66±0.70mm), weight gain (353.25mg), FCR (1.01) and SGR (0.88) were observed in 4% probiotic and similar growth parameters were observed with 4% spirulina and 2% vitamin C. In mrigal fingerlings fed with 4% probiotic significant increase in length, weight gain, FCR, SGR were observed (32.55±1.94mm), 447.78 mg, 0.80 and 1.11 respectively. Similarly trends were observed in Mrigal fingerlings fed with 4% spirulina and 2% Vitamin C. In both fish fingerlings lipid concentration correlates strong significant (P<0.01) with survival rate and FCR strong significant with SGR. Protein levels moderately significant (P<0.05) with FCR.

Influence of precontraction of an agonist muscle on CNV and H reflex during the fixed foreperiod of a motor action. Different amount of the precontraction / 体力科学

This study was carried out to investigate the influence of pre-movement tonic contraction on the Contingent Negative Variation (CNV) and Flexor Carpi Radialis (FCR) H reflex between the warning (WS) and response signal (RS) (foreperiod : FP) . Two levels of contraction were designed and the accompanying FCR Electromyography (EMG) was directly returned to the subject to sustain constant contraction. The subjects were 10 normal volunteers. Either small or middle (7.9±5.6% or 16.0±6.3% of the standard FCR EMG) contraction was sustained and the isometric wrist flexion movement was performed as quickly as possible following the RS.<BR>EMG Reaction time (RT) in the small contracting condition was shorter than that in the resting condition (nothing performed during the foreperiod) in almost all subjects, but in the middle contracting condition EMG RT was not similar. The CNV amplitude for the late period of the FP, which was considered to be related to the motor preparation, was larger in the middle contracting condition than in the resting condition, although the small contracting condition was similar to the resting condition. The H reflex amplitude for the late period of the FP tended to be smaller than the control level in the small and middle contracting conditions, but it was not significant. However, in over half of the subjects, whose CNV amplitude for the late period of the FP increased linearly depending on the conditions, the H reflex amplitude was smaller than the control level in both contracting conditions, but it was not linear. These results indicate that the modulation of the EMG RT was not directly associated with the CNV or H reflex amplitudes for the late period of the FP, and a functional difference in the set for the RS between the spinal and the upper level of the central nervous system was present.

Preparation and purification of polyclonal antibodies against human Fc?/?R and the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:To generate rabbit anti-human Fc?/?R and Poly Immunoglobulin Receptor(pIgR) polyclonal antibodies.Methods:The EC12 domain of human Fc?/?R and the D1 domain of pIgR were expressed as including bodies in Escherichia coli.The purified proteins were used to immunize rabbits to generate polyclonal antibodies.The immune sera were characterized by ELISA and Western blot analysis,then absorbed with cross-action and purified by antigen linked beads.Results:The titers of antiserum were 1∶6 4000 and 1∶25 6000,separately.There was little cross-reaction between the two immune sera.Conclusion:The polyclonal antibodies against human Fc?/?R and pIgR without cross-reaction were successfully generated and could be useful tools to study the relationship between the two receptors.