A Comparative Study on the Organ Representation Characteristics of Three Mainstream Anatomical Ontologies / 医学信息学杂志

Purpose/Significance To analyze the characteristics of organ representation of anatomical ontologies,and to provide ref-erences for the research and construction of ontology in other fields.Method/Process The similarities and differences of three mainstream anatomical ontologies of SNOMED CT(SCT),Uberon and the foundational model of anatomy ontology(FMA)in terms of organ classifi-cation methods and term mapping are compared.Result/Conclusion Among the three main types of anatomical ontologies,SCT and Uberon are mainly classified according to the function of organs,while FMA is mainly classified according to the anatomical morphology of organs.The concept of organs in FMA and Uberon is the same as the concept of entire organs in SCT,and the representation forms of paired organs in SCT,Uberon and FMA are similar.

Effects of Rehabilitation Training Combined with Acupuncture on Upper Limb Function of Stroke Patients Based on Kinect / 医用生物力学

Objective To investigate the effect of rehabilitation training combined with acupuncture ( RTA) on upper limb function of stroke patients by Kinect. Methods Stroke patients with upper limb dysfunction werrandomly divided into control group (rehabilitation training) and treatment group ( RTA), with 15 cases in each group. The modified Barthel Index ( MBI), Fugl Meyer assessment ( FMA), and Wolf motor function test (WMFT) were compared between two groups before and after treatment. The changes in motor time ( MT), motor unit number (MUN), index of curvature (IC), elbow flexion angle (EFA), shoulder flexion angle (SFA),and shoulder adduction angle ( SAA) during three actions, namely, placing forearm on the table, extending elbow and drinking water, were evaluated by Kinect and then compared between two groups before and after treatment. Results After 6 weeks of intervention, the scores of MBI, FMA, WMFT and elbow extension in treatment group were higher than those in control group (P<0. 05). The scores of MBI, FMA, WMFT and three actions after treatment were higher than those before treatment (P<0. 05). For three actions, the improvement of MT, MUN, IC, EFA, SFA, and SAA in treatment group were better than those in control group ( P< 0. 05). Compared with pre-treatment, for the action of forearm placement on the table and elbow extension, both treatment group and control group showed an increase in EFA (P<0. 05), and a decrease in MT, MUN, IC, SFA and SA (P<0. 05). For the action of drinking water, both treatment group and control group showed an increase in EFA and SAA (P< 0. 05), and a decrease in MT, MUN, IC and SAA ( P< 0. 05). Conclusions RTA can improve the upper limb function of stroke patients. Kinect can accurately reflect the changes in upper limb function of stroke patients, and it is suitable for clinical work.

Clinical observation on cluster acupuncture at scalp points combined with exercise therapy in treatment of limb spasm after stroke / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the clinical effect of cluster acupuncture at scalp points in treating limb spasm after stroke on the basis of conventional exercise therapy.@*METHODS@#A total of 72 patients with limb spasm after stroke were randomly divided into an observation group (36 cases, 5 cases dropped off) and a control group (36 cases, 6 cases dropped off). The control group was treated with exercise therapy. In the observation group, on the basis of the control group, penetrating technique of acupuncture was exerted at Qianding (GV 21) to Baihui (GV 20), Xinhui (GV 22) to Qianding (GV 21), etc. once a day, 5 days a week for 4 weeks. Before and after treatment, the changes of the modified Ashworth scale (MAS), simplified Fugl-Meyer motor assessment (FMA), and modified Barthel index (MBI) scores of the two groups were compared.@*RESULTS@#After treatment, the MAS scores of upper and lower limbs in the two groups were lower than before treatment (P<0.05), and those in the observation group were lower than the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the scores of FMA and BMI in the two groups were higher than before treatment (P<0.05), and the score of MBI in the observation group was higher than the control group (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#On the basis of conventional exercise therapy, cluster acupuncture at scalp points can reduce the spasm, improve motor function and activities of daily living in patients with limb spasm after stroke.

Interlaboratory method validation of HPLC-FMA for determination of polysorbate 80 in monoclonal antibodies / 药学学报

The high performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence micelle assay (HPLC-FMA) method for the content determination of polysorbate 80 in monoclonal antibody drugs was validated to study its applicability and transferability between various laboratories, and the feasibility to be included in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Both J.T. Baker and Nanjing Well-sourced polysorbate 80 was used in the collaborative validation of polysorbate 80 content analysis in seven different laboratories. The results show that when the protein concentration was no more than 20 mg·mL-1 and the concentration of polysorbate 80 ranged from 0.05 to 0.5 mg·mL-1, the method had good specificity. The recovery rates of the spiked samples ranged from 92.20% to 117.70% for J.T.Baker and from 93.90% to 117.20% for Nanjing Well. The intra-laboratory precision (%RSD) was less than 4.30% for J.T. Baker, and less than 2.60% for Nanjing Well, while the overall precision was less than 5.45% for J.T. Baker, and less than 6.70% for Nanjing Well. The linear correlation coefficient was more than 0.98 for J.T. Baker and more than 0.99 for Nanjing Well. The results of the collaborative validation prove that the HPLC-FMA method has good accuracy, precision, linearity, and specificity, and could be used for release control analysis of polysorbate 80 content in monoclonal antibodies across different laboratories.

Effect of timing of acupuncture on limb dysfunction in patients with cerebral infarction: a multicenter prospective cohort pilot study / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the clinical efficacy of acupuncture at different timings in acute stage for limb dysfunction in patients with cerebral infarction.@*METHODS@#A total of 101 patients with cerebral infarction limb dysfunction were divided into an early exposure group (@*RESULTS@#Compared before treatment, the mRS grade at 30 and 60 days after onset in the early exposure group was improved (@*CONCLUSION@#The timing of acupuncture is an independent factor affecting the disability status and limb motor dysfunction in patients with cerebral infarction, and the effect of early intervention may be better than late intervention.

Can FMA (Noise) 1989 Prevent Occupational NoiseInduced Hearing Loss? An Evaluation using Fault Tree Analysis

@#Introduction: Factory and Machinery Act (Noise Exposure) Regulation 1989 (FMA [Noise] 1989) has been implemented in Malaysia for nearly 30 years, but noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) cases is still rising. Fault tree analysis is a top-down approach to analyzing incidences of 'failures', starting with establishing the single top event that will eventually cause NIHL, followed by identification of the contributing factors to the top event which are the immediate or basic events. Through its visual, structural and deductive approach; FTA is able to depict the temporal sequence of events and their interactions in a formal and logical hierarchy. Materials and Methods: Employees with permanent standard threshold shifts (PSTS) underwent further assessment confirming the presence of NIHL. A single common fault tree was constructed based on six cases of PSTS. The top event is the PSTS. Intermediate and basic events were identified and mapped with relevance to the provisions in the FMA (noise) 1989 indicating how failed control measures have resulted in the PSTS cases. Results: The constructed fault tree with its branches illustrated how breach or noncompliance of FMA (Noise) 1989 resulted in the eventual top event (NIHL). Conclusion: FTA provides a standardized perspective of errors within the system in preventing NIHL.

Clinical observation of abdominal acupuncture combined with exercise therapy in treating spastic hemiplegia after stroke / 中国现代医生

Objective To observe the effect of abdominal acupuncture combined with exercise therapy on post-stroke spastic hemiplegia. Methods 120 patients with post-stroke spastic hemiplegia were randomly divided into observation group and control group, 60 cases in each group. The observation group was treated with abdominal acupuncture plus exercise therapy. The abdomen acupoints were taken at Chungwan, Hsiawan, Qihai, Guanyuan, Shangqu, Qipang, Huaroumen and Wailing. Exercise therapy was taken after acupuncture treatment. The treatment was taken every other day, 3 times a week for a total of 24 times. Control group only took simple exercise therapy which was consistent with the treatment group. Results The clinical efficacy and FMA scores of limbs before and after the treatment showed that the total effective rate of the two groups was significantly different(P＜0. 01), and there was significant difference(P＜0. 05) in FMA scores between the two groups after treatment. The FMA scores of the observation group after treatment were significantly different from those of the control group before treatment(P＜0. 01). Conclusion The effect of abdominal acupuncture combined with exercise therapy on post-stroke spastic hemiplegia is better than that of simple exercise therapy.

Dynamic scalp acupuncture combined with PNF therapy for upper limb motor impairment in ischemic stroke spastic hemiplegia / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>On the basic therapy, to assess the clinical effects of dynamic scalp acupuncture, scalp acupuncture combined with proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) therapy and simple PNF therapy for upper limb motor impairment in ischemic post-stroke spastic hemiplegia.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 90 cases were randomly assigned into a PNF group, a dynamic scalp acupuncture group and a scalp acupuncture group, 30 cases in each group. Basic therapy and PNF therapy were applied in the three groups. PNF therapy was used during scalp acupuncture in the dynamic scalp acupuncture group. PNF therapy was applied after scalp acupuncture in the scalp acupuncture group. The points were the upper 1/5 and middle 2/5 of (MS 6) and (MS 7) at the lesion side, the hemiparalysis contralateral side. The treatment was given for 6 months, once a day and 1 month as a course. The modified Ashworth scale (MAS), the Fugl-Meyer motor assessment (FMA) and Barthel index (BI) were observed before treatment and 2 weeks, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The MAS 1 month, 3 months and 6 months after treatment were improved compared with those before treatment in the three groups ( all <0.05), and the MAS results in the dynamic scalp acupuncture group were better than those in the PNF and scalp acupuncture group (all <0.05). The FMA and BI scores 1 month, 3 months and 6 months after treatment were higher than those before treatment (all <0.05). The FMA Scores in the 3 time points and after treatment in the dynamic scalp acupuncture group were higher than those in the other two groups (all <0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>PNF therapy during scalp acupuncture can relieve the spasmodic condition of patients with upper limb motor impairment in ischemic post-stroke spasmodic hemiplegia, and improve the limb function and life activity, which is better than PNF therapy after scalp acupuncture and simple PNF therapy.</p>

Effect of Supermicro Needle-knife plus Rehabilitation on the Strephenopodia Angle and Lower-limb Motor Function in Cerebral Stroke Patients / 上海针灸杂志

Objective To study the effect of supermicro needle-knife plus rehabilitation on the strephenopodia angle and lower-limb motor function in cerebral stroke patients.Method Sixty cerebral stroke patients were randomized into a treatment group and a control group by using random number method, 30 cases each. The control group was intervened by rehabilitation training, while the treatment group was additionally given supermicro needle-knife therapy, for successive 4 weeks. The strephenopodia angle and Fugl-Meyer Assessment of lower-limb motor function (FMA-L) were observed before and after the treatment.Result The strephenopodia angles and FMA-L scores were changed significantly in both groups after the treatment (P<0.05); after the treatment, the strephonopodia angle and FMA-L score in the treatment group were superior to those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusion Supermicro needle-knife plus rehabilitation can mitigate strephenopodia and improve lower-limb motor function in cerebral stroke patients.

Effect of Supermicro Needle-knife plus Rehabilitation on the Strephenopodia Angle and Lower-limb Motor Function in Cerebral Stroke Patients / 上海针灸杂志

Objective To study the effect of supermicro needle-knife plus rehabilitation on the strephenopodia angle and lower-limb motor function in cerebral stroke patients.Method Sixty cerebral stroke patients were randomized into a treatment group and a control group by using random number method, 30 cases each. The control group was intervened by rehabilitation training, while the treatment group was additionally given supermicro needle-knife therapy, for successive 4 weeks. The strephenopodia angle and Fugl-Meyer Assessment of lower-limb motor function (FMA-L) were observed before and after the treatment.Result The strephenopodia angles and FMA-L scores were changed significantly in both groups after the treatment (P<0.05); after the treatment, the strephonopodia angle and FMA-L score in the treatment group were superior to those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusion Supermicro needle-knife plus rehabilitation can mitigate strephenopodia and improve lower-limb motor function in cerebral stroke patients.

Clinical Observation of Relaxing Needling at Meridian-muscle Nodes plus PNF Method in Improving Upper-limb Motor Function and Quality of Life in Hemiplegic Shoulder Pain / 上海针灸杂志

Objective To observe the effect of relaxing needling at meridian-muscle nodes plus rehabilitation techniques on upper-limb motor function and quality of life (QOL) in hemiplegic shoulder pain after cerebral stroke. Method Ninety patients with hemiplegic shoulder pain after cerebral stroke were randomized into a rehabilitation group of 30 cases [intervened by proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) method], a relaxing needling group of 30 cases (intervened by relaxing needling at meridian-muscle nodes), and a comprehensive group of 30 cases (intervened by relaxing needling at meridian-muscle nodes plus PNF method), to receive 6-week treatment in total. Before and after the intervention, Assessment Face Scale (AFS), Fugl-Meyer Assessment Scale (FMA) and Stroke Specific Quality of Life Scale (SS-QOL) were evaluated, and the occurrence rate of shoulder-hand syndrome was assessed. Result After 1-week treatment, the AFS score of the comprehensive group was significantly different fromthat in the rehabilitation group and relaxing needling group (P<0.05). After 6-week treatment, the FMA and SS-QOL scores in the comprehensive group were significantly different from those in both rehabilitation group and relaxing needling group (P<0.05). Twelve weeks later, the occurrence rate of shoulder-hand syndrome in the comprehensive group was significantly different from that in the other two groups (P<0.05). Conclusion Relaxing needling at meridian-muscle nodes plus PNF method can effectively improve the efficacy in the treatment of hemiplegic shoulder pain, reduce the occurrence of shoulder-hand syndrome, and enhance the QOL, thus is an effective approach.

Clinical Study on Acupuncture plus Medication and Kinesiotherapy for Cerebral Stroke / 上海针灸杂志

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of acupuncture plus medication and kinesiotherapy in treating cerebral stroke.Method A total of 126 patients with cerebral stroke were randomized into a treatment group of 42 cases, control group 1 of 40 cases and control group 2 of 44 cases. The treatment group was intervened by acupuncture, Chinese medication plus kinesiotherapy, control group 1 by acupuncture alone and control group 2 by kinesiotherapy alone. Before the intervention and respectively after 2-week and 4-week treatment, the three groups were observed by adopting the modified Barthel Index (MBI) and Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA), as well as the Activities of Daily Living (ADL).Result After the treatment, the MBI score, FMA score and ADL grading were significantly changed in the three groups (P<0.01). After 4-week treatment, the MBI score in the treatment group was significantly different from that in control group 2 (P<0.05). After 4-week treatment, the FMA score and ADL grading in the treatment group were significantly different from those in both control group 1 and 2 (P<0.05).Conclusion Acupuncture plus medication and kinesiotherapy is an effective approach in treating cerebral stroke and it can improve the ADL.

Clinical Observation of Different Needling Methods for Ischemic Stroke / 上海针灸杂志

ObjectiveToinvestigate the effect of different needling methods on ischemic stroke, for seeking the effective treatment for stroke.MethodBy following the randomized controlled principle, the sixty enrolled patients were randomized into an electroacupuncture groupand an acupuncture group, 30 cases in each group. The two groups were both intervened by needling treatment in addition to the conventional internal medicine management, electroacupuncture for the electroacupuncture group,and ordinary acupuncture for theacupuncture group. The Neuropathy Disability Scale (NDS), Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA), and Barthel Index (BI) were adopted for evaluation and comparison.ResultThe NDS, FMA, and BI scores were significantly changed after treatment in both groups (P<0.01); there were significant differencesin comparing FMA and BI scores between the two groups (P<0.05).ConclusionElectroacupuncture can produce a more significant efficacy in treating ischemic stroke compared with ordinary acupuncture, electroacupunctureis also better than ordinary acupuncture in improving the neural deficit.

Comparative Study on Immediate Effect of Twirling Reinforcing-reducing Manipulation on Acute Ischemic Stroke / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To investigate the immediate effect of twirling reinforcing manipulation, twirling reducing manipulation and mild reinforcing-reducing manipulation on motor functions for patients with acute ischemic stroke. Methods Totally 116 patients with ischemic stroke were randomly divided into twirling reinforcing manipulation group (TRFM, n=39), mild reinforcing-reducing manipulation group (TRRM, n=37), and twirling reducing manipulation group (TRDM, n=40) by stratified blocked randomization. Each group was treated in Baihui-Taiyang acupoint area accordingly with twirling reinforcing manipulation, mild reinforcing-reducing manipulation and twirling reducing manipulation once. The operation time for each needle was 1 minute. Interval time between every 2 needles was 10 minutes, and each needle was retained for 30 minutes. Neurological deficit score (NDS) and simplified Fugl-Meyer assessment (FMA) were evaluated before and immediate time, 1 h, 2 h and 3 h after treatment. Results FMA in TRFM was higher than that of TRDM and TRRM at immediate time, 1 h and 2 h after treatment (P0.05). DNS in TRFM decreased sharply at immediate time, 1 h, 2 h and 3 h compared with TRDM and TRRM (P0.05). Conclusion TRFM has an advantage over TRDM and TRRM in immediate effect of motor functions for patients with acute ischemic stroke.

Aspects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in an atlantic forest chronosequence parque estadual turístico do Alto Ribeira (petar), SP

Mycorrhizal colonization was assessed in roots of trees within an Atlantic Forest chronosequence, located in the southeastern of São Paulo State, Brazil, inside Tourist State Park of the High Ribeira Valley (PETAR). The phytosociological survey was carried out in three adjacent areas, all on calcareous soil, which correspond to different time intervals during which they have been left abandoned following a slash-and-burn agricultural perturbation. Early Phase (EP) with 15 years; Mid Phase (MP) with 25 years; and Late Phase (LP) with more than 36 years without clear-cut. The inventory indicated a continuum of tree species substitution, which is dominated by species of Leguminosae, especially Piptadenia gonoacantha (Mart.) J.F. Macbr. (Mimosoideae) in the earlier successional phases. Mycorrhizal colonization, estimated by the occurrence of the mycorrhizal structures in the tree species roots, diminished during the season with less rain (winter), and showed no significant differences between successional phases in the wet season (summer). Rather, the mycorrhizal colonization was correlated with occurrence of the tree’s successional status: being positively correlated with occurrence of pioneer species, and negatively correlated with late secondary species. Mycorrhizal colonization was also correlated negatively with soil organic matter and base saturation. Twenty five species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi belonging to four genera were identified. Six species were only identified to generic level. The species Glomus etunicatum Becker & Gerd. represented 10% of the total number of spores and occurred in all phases and seasons, while the genus Glomus represented 57% of the total of spores found in the rhizosphere. The diversity indices evaluated for the mycohrriza community were: H’ = 2.3, J’ = 0.97 and R = 4.12. These results are a contribution to the knowledge of The Atlantic Forest biodiversity and may have implications to support programs regarding rehabilitation of degraded vegetation in one of the World’s most threatened Biomes.

Foi levantada a ocorrência de colonização por micorriza nas raízes das espécies arbóreas que dirigem a sucessão secundária sobre solo calcário em uma área localizada no Parque Estadual Turístico do Alto Ribeira (PETAR), sudeste do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. O levantamento fitossociológico foi realizado em três áreas justapostas correspondentes a diferentes idades de abandono após cultivo de subsistência sobre um solo calcário: Fase Inicial com 15 anos; Fase Intermediaria com 25 anos e Fase Tardia com mais de 36 anos sem corte raso. O inventário indicou a predominância de espécies da família das leguminosas, especialmente Piptadenia gonoacantha (Mimosoideae) nos estágios iniciais de sucessão. A ocorrência de colonização por micorriza nas raízes das espécies arbóreas decresceu ao longo da sucessão durante a estação com menos chuva (inverno). Durante o período de verão, estação mais úmida, a colonização não apresentou diferenças significativas entre as fases de sucessão. A colonização por micorriza nas raízes apresentou correlação com a ocorrência de diferentes estratégias de regeneração entre as espécies arbóreas: positivamente com o aumento de ocorrência de espécies pioneiras e negativamente com espécies secundárias tardias. A colonização apresentou também correlação negativa com o conteúdo de matéria orgânica e saturação de bases no solo. Foram identificadas 25 espécies de fungos micorrizicos arbusculares pertencentes a quatro gêneros, e seis espécies apenas foram identificadas ao nível de gênero. A espécie Glomus etunicatum Becker & Gerd. representou 10 % dos esporos encontrados na rizosfera das amostras analisadas, tendo ocorrido em todas as fases sucessionais e estações. O gênero Glomus representou 57% do total de esporos. Os índices de diversidade para a comunidade de fungos micorrizicos indicaram os seguintes valores: H’ = 2.3, J’ = 0.97 e R = 4.12. Estes resultados são importantes contribuições para um melhor conhecimento da biodiversidade da Mata Atlântica e podem ser decisivos no sucesso de ações para a reabilitação de áreas degradadas neste que é um dos biomas mais ameaçados do planeta.