Estrategias de afrontamiento al síndrome de burnout en médicos-docentes universitarios en postpandemia / Coping strategies to burnout syndrome in post-pandemic university physician-teachers / Estratégias de enfrentamento da síndrome de burnout em professores doutores de universidades pós-pandemia

Los médico-docentes han sufrido las secuelas de la pandemia y que sigue evidenciándose en la postpandemia como estrés laboral; por ello tuvieron que aprender estrategias de afrontamiento para superar este problema de salud mental. Objetivo. Analizar las características del Síndrome de burnout Académico de cuatro docentes-médicos universitarios y las estrategias de afrontamiento que utilizaron en un contexto de postpandemia. Metodología. Investigación cualitativa, fenomenológica, interpretativa, en la que se utilizó la entrevista en profundad a cuatro docentes-médicos (2 varones y 2 mujeres), permitió analizar y reflexionar acerca de las experiencias de los participantes de las secuelas que les dejó el SBA después de la pandemia generada por la COVID-19 y cómo realizaron el afrontamiento. Las categorías fueron SBA y afrontamiento. El trabajo se llevó a cabo en tres fases: (a) descriptiva, en ella se organizó y planificó el proceso metodológico y ético, (b) fase estructural, se elaboraron las guías de entrevista, la matriz para organizar la información, transcripción y codificación de la información y (c) fase de discusión, en la se confrontaron las experiencias discrepantes y semejantes que fueron contrastados con otros estudios. Hallazgos. La COVID-19 generó en los médico-docentes SBA, que se evidenciaron en problemas emocionales, cognitivos, conductuales-psicosomáticos y sociales. El afrontamiento integral con las técnicas cognitivo-conductuales, mindfulness, relajación y la religión permitieron revertir los efectos del SBA. A manera de conclusión. El integral de técnicas terapéuticas de afrontamiento a SBA postraumático mostraron ser eficientes.

Physician-teachers have suffered the after-effects of the pandemic, which continues to be evidenced in the post-pandemic as occupational stress; therefore, they had to learn coping strategies to overcome this mental health problem. Objective. To analyze the characteristics of Academic Burnout Syndrome of four university teacher-physicians and the coping strategies they used in a post-pandemic context. Methodology. Qualitative, phenomenological, interpretative research, using in-depth interviews with four physician-teachers (2 men and 2 women), made it possible to analyze and reflect on the participants' experiences of the after-effects of BMS after the pandemic generated by COVID-19 and how they coped. The categories were BMS and coping. The work was carried out in three phases: (a) descriptive, in which the methodological and ethical process was organized and planned, (b) structural phase, in which the interview guides, the matrix to organize the information, transcription and codification of the information were elaborated, and (c) discussion phase, in which the discrepant and similar experiences were compared and contrasted with other studies. Findings. The COVID-19 generated BMS in the physician-teachers, which were evidenced in emotional, cognitive, behavioral-psychosomatic and social problems. Integrated coping with cognitive-behavioral techniques, mindfulness, relaxation and religion allowed reversing the effects of BMS. By way of conclusion. The integrated therapeutic techniques of coping with posttraumatic BMS proved to be efficient.

Os professores de medicina sofreram os efeitos colaterais da pandemia, que ainda são evidentes no período pós-pandemia como estresse relacionado ao trabalho, e tiveram de aprender estratégias de enfrentamento para superar esse problema de saúde mental. Objetivo. Analisar as características da Síndrome de burnout acadêmico em quatro professores-médicos universitários e as estratégias de enfrentamento que eles usaram em um contexto pós-pandêmico. Metodologia. A pesquisa qualitativa, fenomenológica e interpretativa, por meio de entrevistas em profundidade com quatro professores-doutores (2 homens e 2 mulheres), nos permitiu analisar e refletir sobre as experiências dos participantes em relação às sequelas da SBM após a pandemia gerada pela COVID-19 e como eles lidaram com isso. As categorias foram BMS e enfrentamento. O trabalho foi realizado em três fases: (a) descritiva, na qual o processo metodológico e ético foi organizado e planejado; (b) fase estrutural, na qual foram elaborados os guias de entrevista, a matriz para organizar as informações, a transcrição e a codificação das informações; e (c) fase de discussão, na qual experiências discrepantes e semelhantes foram comparadas e contrastadas com outros estudos. Resultados. A COVID-19 gerou BMS nos médicos-professores, que foram evidenciados em problemas emocionais, cognitivos, comportamentais-psicossomáticos e sociais. O enfrentamento integrado com técnicas cognitivo-comportamentais, atenção plena, relaxamento e religião permitiu reverter os efeitos da SGB. À guisa de conclusão. As técnicas terapêuticas integradas de enfrentamento da SGB pós-traumática mostraram-se eficazes.

Gratitud eterna para los fundadores de la docencia médica en Cienfuegos

En el marco de los 40 años de la docencia médica en Cienfuegos, este artículo constituye un pequeño, pero sincero, homenaje para sus fundadores. El primer grupo de alumnos de 3er año de la carrera de Medicina, llegó en septiembre de 1980 al Hospital Dr. Gustavo Aldereguía Lima, de Cienfuegos. En este trabajo se hace una relatoría de los primeros trabajadores de la Unidad Docente, que radicó donde se encuentra hoy la oficina del Consejo Científico, la distribución de los alumnos y profesores por salas, la ubicación de los primeros albergues, las primeras actividades científicas, hoy Fórum Científico Estudiantil, el Movimiento de alumnos ayudantes, actividades extracurriculares: la primera actividad por el día de la mujer, las primeras celebraciones por el día del Educador, el primer chequeo de emulación de los tres centros de educación superior de la provincia, el inicio de las manifestaciones de la cultura, entre otros aspectos, anécdotas y comentarios.

Within the framework of 40 years of medical teaching in Cienfuegos, this article constitutes a small, but sincere, tribute to its founders. The first group of 3rd year Medicine students arrived in September 1980 at the Dr. Gustavo Aldereguía Lima Hospital in Cienfuegos. In this work, a report is made of the first workers of the Teaching Unit, which was located where the office of the Scientific Council is today, the distribution of students and teachers by rooms, the location of the first hostels, the first scientific activities, today the Student Scientific Forum, the Movement of student assistants, extracurricular activities: the first activity for Women's Day, the first celebrations for Educator's Day, the first emulation check of the three higher education centers in the province, the beginning of the manifestations of culture, among other aspects, anecdotes and comments.

Trabalho docente na medicina em uma universidade federal na região Sul do Brasil / Teaching work in Medicine at a federal university in the Southern region Brazil

Resumo As políticas públicas brasileiras aproximam-se do paradigma internacional de interação entre ensino e sistemas de saúde preconizando uma formação médica generalista, vinculada ao perfil epidemiológico populacional, e repercutindo no trabalho docente. Este trabalho buscou analisar percepções sobre docência e perspectivas profissionais de professores do curso de medicina de uma universidade federal. Trata-se de estudo descritivo com abordagem qualitativa, contando com questionário, pesquisas documental e bibliográfica e análises na perspectiva da hermenêutica-dialética. A partir dos resultados, construíram-se quatro categorias analíticas que descrevem o trabalho docente na visão de seus atores: marcadores de formação para a docência (o repertório de conhecimento da prática docente é experiencial); imaginários atribuídos à docência (conflito com a imagem ideal previamente concebida); enfrentamentos no cotidiano docente (a formação médica generalista preconizada tem menor reconhecimento social); docência e seu horizonte (busca de maior qualificação). Investimentos - pessoal e institucional - não têm sido suficientes diante de aspectos geradores de insatisfação e percepção de despreparo dos professores no cotidiano da formação médica, denunciando certo mal-estar docente. Pode-se dizer que o trabalho docente é fundamental para a mudança na formação, e que a percepção dos atores de uma experiência concreta aponta déficits na formação pedagógica e na educação permanente.

Abstract Brazilian public policies approach the international paradigm of interaction between training and health systems advocating for a general medical training, linked to the population's epidemiological profile, and reverberating on teaching work. This work sought to analyze perceptions about teaching and professional perspectives of professors of the medicine course at a federal university. This is a descriptive study with a qualitative approach, with a questionnaire, documentary and bibliographic research, and analysis from the perspective of hermeneutics-dialectic. From the results, four categories of analysis were constructed that describe the teaching work from the perspective of its actors: training markers for teaching (the repertoire of knowledge of teaching practice is experiential); imaginaries attributed to teaching (conflict with the ideal image previously conceived); confrontations in the teaching routine (the generalist training recommended has less social recognition); teaching and its horizon (search for greater qualification). The investments - personal and institutional - have not been sufficient in face of aspects that generate dissatisfaction and the perception of unpreparedness of teachers in the daily routine of medical training, denouncing a certain discomfort among professors. It can be said that the teaching work is fundamental for the change in training, and that the perception of the actors of a concrete experience points out deficits in pedagogical training and in permanent education.

Medical education: the historical framing of the medical curriculum and the challenges of renewal in the 21st century / Educação médica: a construção histórica do currículo médico e os desafios de renovação no século XXI

The study proposes a critical and exploratory analysis of the historical formation of the medical curriculum, including the pedagogical models and contemporary challenges. Contemporary Medicine has faced challenging transformations in the 21st century, such as population aging, technological and scientific advances, epidemiological transition, wide access to informationby society. The knowledge society requires new generations of physicians to develop interdisciplinary professional skills and the technical-scientific domain. Given the ongoing transformations in contemporary medical practice, it is up to the academic community to deconstruct obsolete teaching paradigms, to foster the design of new pedagogical practices, congruent with the new medical profile desired in the 21st century.

O estudo propõe uma reflexão crítica e exploratória acerca da construção histórica do currículo médico, seus modelos pedagógicos e desafios contemporâneos. A Medicina contemporânea tem enfrentado transformações desafiadoras no século 21, como envelhecimento populacional, avanços tecnológicos e científicos, transição epidemiológica, facilidade de acesso e informação pela sociedade. A sociedade do conhecimento impõe às novas gerações de médicos o desenvolvimento de competências profissionais interdisciplinares, além do domínio técnico-científico. Diante das transformações em curso na prática médica contemporânea, cabe a comunidade acadêmica a desconstrução de paradigmas de ensino obsoletos, de maneira a propiciar a concepção de novas práticas pedagógicas, congruentes com novo perfil médico almejado no século XXI.

Curso de superación en gestión de riesgo frente a desastres naturales para los docentes de ciencias médicas

RESUMEN Fundamento: la superación docente sobre gestión de riesgo de desastres naturales en ciencias médicas de Cienfuegos se ha caracterizado por el insuficiente tratamiento de su contenido en la actividad profesional, a pesar de ser una temática de marcada importancia, concedida tanto a nivel nacional como internacional. Objetivo: diseñar un curso de superacion en gestión de riesgo frente a desastres naturales dirigido a los docentes de ciencias médicas. Métodos: investigación pedagógica realizada en la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de Cienfuegos en el curso 2020-2021. Se realizó el diagnóstico de las necesidades de aprendizaje, se diseñó el curso y fue sometido a validación por expertos. Se impartió a un grupo de docentes que presentaron tesinas al finalizar el curso. Se utilizaron métodos del nivel teórico como el analítico-sintético, inductivo-deductivo, histórico-lógico, y del nivel empírico la modelación y la encuesta. Resultados: el curso fue estructurado en cinco temas que incluyeron los problemas relacionados con la identificación, el análisis y evaluación de riesgo, como parte de los pasos necesarios para comprender la gestión del riesgo y el aprendizaje de sus tres etapas: proactiva correctiva y reactiva. Los expertos lo consideraron factible, pertinente y de elevada calidad. Los cursistas presentaron tesinas con gran rigor científico metodológico que sirvieron de plataforma en proyectos investigativos y trabajos de ciencia, tecnología y sociedad. Conclusiones: el curso contribuyó al incremento de los conocimientos de los docentes de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de Cienfuegos en cuanto a la gestion de riesgo de desastres.

ABSTRACT Background: the teaching improvement on natural disaster risk management in medical sciences in Cienfuegos has been characterized by insufficient treatment of its content in professional activity, despite being an importance subject, granted both nationally and internationally. Objective: to design a course of improvement in risk management against natural disasters aimed at medical sciences teachers. Methods: pedagogical research carried out at the Cienfuegos Faculty of Medical Sciences in the 2020-2021 academic year. The learning needs diagnosis was carried out, the course was designed and it was submit to validation by experts. It was given to a group of teachers who presented thesis at the end of the course. Methods of the theoretical level such as analytical-synthetic, inductive-deductive, historical-logical, and of the empirical level modeling and survey were used. Results: the course was structured in five topics that included problems related to risk identification, analysis and evaluation, as part of the necessary steps to understand risk management and learning its three stages: proactive, corrective and reactive. The experts considered it feasible, relevant and of high quality. The students presented thesis with great scientific methodological rigor that served as a platform in research projects and works on science, technology and society. Conclusions: the course contributed to increase the teachers' knowledge of the Cienfuegos Medical Sciences Faculty regarding disaster risk management.

Preceptoria médica: concepções e vivências de participantes de curso de formação em preceptoria / Medical preceptorship: conceptions and experiences of participants in a training course in preceptorship

Resumo: Introdução: O ensino por meio da vivência prática, denominado preceptoria, permite aos aprendizes buscar informações e esclarecer dúvidas com os preceptores, de maneira a desenvolver competências e habilidades em um ambiente de apoio e segurança, elementos essenciais ao bom aprendizado. Objetivo: Esse estudo objetivou compreender as concepções e vivências de alunos e egressos do curso de especialização em Preceptoria em Medicina de Família e Comunidade (UNA-SUS/UFCSPA) acerca da preceptoria na formação médica. Método: A pesquisa adotou abordagem qualitativa e observacional, sendo conduzida por meio de entrevistas individuais em plataforma de videoconferência, com 12 participantes do curso advindos das cinco regiões geográficas brasileiras, sob orientação de roteiro de questões abertas. As transcrições das entrevistas foram analisadas a partir dos conceitos da obra Análise de conteúdo, de Laurence Bardin. Resultado: Sob a ótica dos entrevistados, o papel do preceptor relaciona-se, sobretudo, à função de referencial para seus aprendizes, devendo assim apresentar atitudes éticas e profissionais, consonantes com atributos humanísticos e competências técnicas. Conclusão: A partir das perspectivas observadas no estudo, evidencia-se a relevância do preceptor no processo de formação médica, bem como a necessidade de debates entre instituições de ensino, entidades médicas, gestores e serviços de saúde sobre a valorização e qualificação de preceptores, e, consequentemente, dos futuros profissionais.

Abstract: Introduction: Teaching through practical experience, namely preceptorship, allows learners to seek information and clarify doubts with preceptors, in order to develop skills and abilities in a supportive and safe environment - essential elements for good learning. Objective: This study aimed to understand the conceptions and experiences of students and graduates of the Specialization Course in Preceptorship in Family and Community Medicine (UNA-SUS/UFCSPA) about preceptorship in medical education. Method: The research adopted a qualitative and observational approach, conducted through individual interviews on a videoconference platform, with 12 course participants from the five Brazilian geographic regions, guided by a script of open questions. The transcripts of the interviews were analyzed based on the concepts of the work 'Content Analysis' by Laurance Bardin. Result: From the perspective of the participants, the role of the preceptor is mainly related to the role of reference for their apprentices, thus having to present ethical and professional attitudes, in line with humanistic attributes and technical competences. Conclusion: From the perspectives observed in the study, the relevance of the preceptor in the medical training process is evidenced, as well as the need for debates between educational institutions, medical entities, managers and health services on the valuation and qualification of preceptors, and, consequently, of future professionals.

Las relaciones interdisciplinarias: un reto para los docentes en la carrera de Medicina / Interdisciplinary relationships: a challenge for professors in the medical field

RESUMEN Introducción: la interacción entre las disciplinas que conforman el currículo de las carreras, constituye en la actualidad una necesidad del proceso enseñanza aprendizaje, de ahí el nivel de actualidad de las relaciones interdisciplinarias como soporte metodológico en la solución de problemas profesionales. Objetivo: caracterizar el estado del proceso de relaciones interdisciplinarias entre Historia de Cuba y el resto de las disciplinas en el segundo año de la carrera de Medicina. Métodos: teóricos (modelación, análisis-síntesis y análisis documental), métodos empíricos (revisión documental, entrevistas y encuestas) y la estadística descriptiva para el procesamiento de los datos que se obtuvieron, todos desde el enfoque dialéctico materialista. Se seleccionó un universo de 465 estudiantes y una muestra de 237 a través de un muestreo aleatorio simple. Resultados: se apreciaron dificultades en el trabajo metodológico dentro del colectivo de año, las cuales se manifiestan en las insuficiencias que muestra el proceso de relaciones interdisciplinarias en segundo año de la carrera de Medicina. Conclusiones: la falta de una estrategia para el proceso en estudio limita su proyección en el trabajo metodológico que realizan los colectivos pedagógicos de la carrera, el estudio es novedoso al confirmar empíricamente que el elemento articulador de esas relaciones interdisciplinarias son el desarrollo de habilidades, el trabajo metodológico de los colectivos pedagógicos y el papel de la disciplina principal integradora.

ABSTRACT Introduction: the interaction between the disciplines that make up the curriculum of the medical studies constitutes a need at present for the teaching-learning process, hence the current level of interdisciplinary relations as a methodological support in the solution of professional problems. Objective: to characterize the state of the process of interdisciplinary relations between Cuban History and the rest of the disciplines in the second academic year of the medical studies. Methods: theoretical (modeling, analysis-synthesis and documentary analysis), empirical methods (documentary review, interviews and surveys) and descriptive statistics for the processing of the data collected, all from the dialectical materialist approach. A target group of 465 students and a sample of 237 students were chosen through simple random sampling. Results: difficulties were verified in the methodological work within the academic year group, which are manifested in the inadequacies shown by the process of interdisciplinary relations in the second academic year of Medicine major. Conclusions: the lack of a strategy for the process under study limits its projection in the methodological work carried out by the pedagogical collectives of the medical studies, the study is novel by empirically confirming that the articulating element of these interdisciplinary relations are the development of skills, the methodological work of the pedagogical collectives and the role of the main integrating discipline.

Validez y confiabilidad de los resultados del instrumento MEDUC-PG14 para medir el desempeño docente en la residencia médica en Perú / Performance of the MEDUC-PG14 instrument to evaluate teaching performance in medical residency programs

Background: There are few instruments to evaluate teachers' performance during medical residency in Spanish. Aim: To determine the validity and reliability of the MEDUC-PG14 instrument to evaluate teaching performance in the medical residency programs of the Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia (UPCH). Material and Methods: An open question about positive aspects that characterize a good teacher was added to the MEDUC-PG14 questionnaire. A pilot test was carried out with 15 residents to assess the correct comprehension of each question and carry out necessary changes. Subsequently, the instrument was sent by email to 366 residents of the UPCH Department of Medical Clinics. The reliability of the instrument was evaluated using Cronbach's Alpha. Construct validity was assessed by factor analysis, and the validity of content by a qualitative analysis of the answers to the open question added. Results: Seventy residents answered the questionnaire evaluating 46 teachers. Each resident evaluated one teacher. The factor analysis showed two dimensions explaining 83% of the variance: the dimension "Teaching and Evaluation" (11 items) and the dimension "Respectful Behavior" (three items). The global Cronbach's Alpha was 0.97 (0.97 for the Teaching Dimension 0.96 and for the Behavioral Dimension). The concept of "professional competence as a medical specialist" was rescued from the responses to the open question. Conclusions: The MEDUC-PG14 is an instrument with valid and highly reliable results. It is useful and easy to apply to evaluate teaching performance in postgraduate studies. Its use is recommended in residency programs of Spanish-speaking countries. However, the inclusion of an item referring to the professional competence of the teacher is suggested.

¿Enseña diferente un docente comprometido? Relación entre compromiso docente y prácticas pedagógicas en académicos de carreras de la salud / Relationship between occupational commitment and teaching practices among healthcare teachers

Background: A central aspect of professional identity is occupational commitment, which has a significant relationship with motivation and positive mental states in healthcare environments. However, it is not clear how occupational commitment is related to teaching practices in universities. Aim: To apply the Occupational Commitment Questionnaire (OCQ) to university teachers and relate its results with the Teaching Practices Questionnaire. Material and Methods: OCQ and Teaching Practices Questionnaire were answered by 319 university teachers from 13 Chilean regions, who were selected through a non-probabilistic volunteer sampling. Data collection was done after informed consent. An exploratory factor analysis was performed for OCQ. The internal consistency of each factor was calculated with Cronbach's Alpha. Spearman correlations were used to explore the relationship between the two questionnaires. Results: Two factors were identified in OCQ, namely Teacher Commitment and Ethical-Professional Commitment. Cronbach's Alpha was 0.85 for both factors. A moderate direct relationship between teacher commitment, ethical-professional commitment, and the Teaching Practices Questionnaire was found. Conclusions: OCQ showed an adequate internal consistency, and it was directly related with teaching practices. Committed teachers had better teaching practices. This confirms the importance of teachers' values and perceptions on their professional performance.

Teachers and students' perceptions about feedback in clinical internships in medical school / Percepções de docentes e discentes sobre feedback em estágios práticos no curso de medicina

Abstract: Introduction: In medical education, feedback is considered one of the main types of formative assessment. Feedback can be defined as the transmission of information by observing students in action aiming to provide improvement for the acquisition of medical skills that constitute medical professionalism. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess if there are difficulties in transmitting and receiving feedback by preceptors and students during the practical stages of medical training. Methods: This qualitative / quantitative design study involved all students who completed the internship from March 2018 to August 2019 (n = 50), as well as all preceptors responsible for the internships (n = 9) at Universidade Municipal de São Caetano do Sul. Knowledge about feedback, according to the viewpoint of students and preceptors, was assessed using adapted questionnaires with categorical and open questions. Descriptive analyses were used for the quantitative data and the content technique for the qualitative data. Results: The preceptors report that the objectives of providing feedback are to point out improvement, critical reflection, and opportunity for adjustments. Meanwhile, students report: clarification of doubts, planning for improvements and knowledge of positive points. Half of the preceptors claim to provide very frequent feedback, but students would like to receive feedback more often. Students want feedback to be constructive and private. Half of the preceptors find it difficult to give negative feedback; however, 60% of the students report handling criticism well. Conclusion: The preceptors declare to have knowledge of and know about the objectives of giving feedback; however, they have difficulties communicating it, especially when it involves criticisms for the correction of behaviors and attitudes. The students accept criticism and would like feedback to be conveyed more often in the practical stages. It is necessary to improve the process of providing and receiving feedback.

Resumo: Introdução: No ensino médico, feedback - ou devolutiva - é um dos componentes principais da avaliação formativa. Feedback pode ser definido como transmissão de uma informação quando se observam os estudantes em ação, a fim de propiciar melhorias para aquisição de competências médicas que compõem o profissionalismo médico. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar se há dificuldades de transmissão e recepção de feedback pelos preceptores e estudantes durante os estágios práticos do curso de Medicina. Método: Este estudo de delineamento misto qualitativo/ quantitativo envolveu todos os discentes que concluíram os estágios no período de março de 2018 a agosto de 2019 (n = 50), assim como todos os preceptores responsáveis pelos estágios práticos (n = 9) da Universidade Municipal de São Caetano do Sul. O conhecimento sobre feedback, na visão dos discentes e preceptores, foi avaliado por meio de questionários adaptados com perguntas categóricas e abertas. Utilizaram-se análise descritiva nos dados quantitativos e técnica de conteúdo nos dados qualitativos. Resultado: Os preceptores relataram que os objetivos de fornecer feedback são: apontamento de melhoria, reflexão crítica e oportunidade de adequações. Por sua vez, os estudantes relataram: esclarecimento de dúvidas, planejamento de melhorias e conhecimento de pontos positivos. Metade dos preceptores afirmou fornecer feedback, porém os estudantes gostariam de recebê-lo de forma mais contínua. Os estudantes desejam que o feedback seja construtivo e feito em local privado. Metade dos preceptores tem dificuldade em dar feedback negativo, porém 60% dos estudantes relataram lidar bem com críticas. Conclusão: Os preceptores afirmaram ter conhecimento dos objetivos do feedback. Porém, eles têm dificuldades para transmiti-lo, principalmente quando envolve críticas para correções de comportamentos ou atitudes. Os estudantes aceitam críticas e requerem que o feedback seja transmitido com mais frequência nos estágios práticos. Há a necessidade de melhorar o processo de fornecer e receber feedback.

Improvement of Faculty's Skills on the Creation of Items for Progress Testing Through Feedback to Item Writers: a Successful Experience / Melhora na Habilidade de Elaboração de Itens para o Teste de Progresso por meio de Feedback aos Autores: uma Experiência Exitosa

Abstract: The evaluation of knowledge is an important step in the teachers' work, because it is fundamental that the evaluation results be valid and reliable. Several faculty development programs have been undertaken to improve teachers' skills on item writing. Few studies, however, have explored the benefits of providing feedback to multiple-choice item writers. Progress Testing is a longitudinal assessment of students' knowledge gain. Their results are useful for generating feedback to students, teachers and medical school managers. The aim of this report is to present a successful experience of faculty development on high-quality item writing for Progress Testing through feedback about the fate of the items written by faculty members. Annually, faculties from medical schools participating in a consortium for the application of the Progress Test are asked to formulate new items to compose the test version. However, the fate of the items is not known by their authors, that is, they do not know if the items are incorporated into the test, if the items have good quality, what is the students' performance in each of the items, and what is the psychometric function of the items. In 2017, one of the schools participating in the consortium offered its item authors a feedback regarding the flaws in item writing, modification of items by the review committee and students' performance, as well as psychometric function in each item. The percentage of flawed item (items without enough quality to be selected for the test) was more than 30%. There was an inverse relation between the number of flawed item and the number of items included in the final exam, when analyzing the different content areas of the test (that is, Internal Medicine, Surgery, Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Public Health, and Basic Sciences). In the following year, we observed a decrease in the number of flawed item (less than 10%) and an increase in the number of eligible items to be selected for the Progress Testing. Therefore, giving feedback to item writers seems to be a good strategy for developing the faculty's ability on writing good quality items.

Resumo: A avaliação de conhecimentos é uma etapa importante do trabalho docente, pois é preciso que os resultados das avaliações sejam válidos e confiáveis. Diversos programas de desenvolvimento docente têm sido realizados para melhorar a habilidade em elaborar questões objetivas pelos professores. Poucos estudos, no entanto, exploraram os benefícios de fornecer feedback aos autores de itens de múltipla escolha. O Teste de Progresso é uma avaliação longitudinal do ganho de conhecimentos dos estudantes cujos resultados são úteis para gerar feedback aos próprios estudantes, aos professores e aos gestores das escolas médicas. O objetivo deste relato é apresentar uma experiência exitosa em gerar desenvolvimento docente na habilidade de elaborar itens de qualidade para o Teste de Progresso por meio do feedback a respeito da qualidade e do destino destes. Anualmente, os professores das escolas médicas participantes de um consórcio para aplicação do Teste de Progresso são solicitados a formular novos itens para compor a versão do teste. Porém, o destino dos itens não é conhecido por seus autores, ou seja, eles não sabem se as questões são incorporadas à prova, se elas têm boa qualidade, qual o desempenho dos estudantes em cada questão e qual o funcionamento psicométrico delas. Em 2017, uma das escolas participantes do consórcio ofereceu aos seus autores de questões uma devolutiva sobre as falhas na redação, a modificação dos itens pelo comitê revisor, o desempenho dos estudantes nas questões e o funcionamento psicométrico em cada item. A porcentagem de itens falhos, ou seja, de qualidade não satisfatória para a inclusão no teste, era superior a 30%. Houve uma relação inversa entre a quantidade de itens falhos e o número de itens incluídos na prova final, numa análise por área de conhecimento da prova (ou seja, clínica, cirurgia, pediatria, ginecologia e obstetrícia, saúde pública e ciências básicas). No ano seguinte, observamos uma diminuição no número de falhas de itens (menor que 10%) e um aumento no número de questões elegíveis a serem selecionadas para o exame de Teste de Progresso. Portanto, oferecer feedback para os redatores de questões parece ser uma boa estratégia para desenvolver a habilidade docente em elaborar itens objetivos de boa qualidade.

Análise dos Níveis de Empatia de Professores e Preceptores Médicos de um Curso de Medicina / Analysis of Empathy Levels of Teachers and Medical Preceptors of a Medical Course

Resumo: Introdução: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os níveis de empatia, bem como os aspectos sociodemográficos e pessoais relacionados a docentes e preceptores médicos de um curso de Medicina. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal analítico com abordagem quantitativa. A pesquisa foi realizada por meio de questionários aplicados a docentes e preceptores médicos vinculados ao curso de Medicina da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás (PUC Goiás), desde o módulo I até o XII, os quais tinham contato direto com os acadêmicos, assim como com os pacientes. A amostragem utilizada foi por conveniência. A coleta de dados foi realizada entre os meses de agosto e novembro de 2018. Dois questionários foram aplicados, sendo um com dados sociodemográficos e o outro com a Escala Multidimensional de Reatividade Interpessoal (EMRI), que mensura multidimensionalmente a empatia. Resultados: Incluíram-se na pesquisa 101 médicos, entre docentes e preceptores. A média de idade foi de 45,2 (±8,4) anos. Quanto ao sexo, 45,5% da amostra foi composta pelo sexo feminino e 54,4% pelo sexo masculino. A maioria era casada (80,2%) e possuía alguma religião. Identificaram-se maiores escores de empatia no gênero feminino, nas dimensões FS (p = 0,0468), CE (p = 0,0219) e AP (p = 0,0230), bem como na média geral (p = 0,0057). Níveis maiores de empatia também foram identificados entre os que possuíam uma religião, na dimensão AP (p = 0,0074). Os aspectos pessoais que obtiveram maiores escores nas dimensões da escala foram docentes e preceptores médicos que afirmaram que procuram orientar os seus alunos sobre empatia, dimensões FS (p = 0,0341), CE (p = 0,0398), TP (p = 0,0464) e média geral (p = 0,0442); aqueles que afirmaram que são pessoas empáticas, dimensões FS (p = 0,0327), CE (p = 0,0061), TP (p = 0,0008) e média geral (p = 0,0067); aqueles que estão satisfeitos com suas atitudes no exercício da docência, dimensão TP (p = 0,0289). Conclusão: Os dados apontaram que aspectos sociodemográficos e pessoais dos docentes e preceptores médicos exercem influência direta em maiores ou menores níveis de empatia. Tal evidência é relevante, já que a formação de futuros médicos mais empáticos depende da influência desses docentes e preceptores médicos.

Abstract: Introduction: To assess the level of empathy, as well as sociodemographic and personal aspects related to teachers/preceptors of a medical graduation course, who are also clinicians. Methods: This is a cross-sectional analytical study with a quantitative approach. The research was carried out through questionnaires applied to teachers and medical preceptors linked to the medical course of the Pontifical Catholic University of Goiás (PUC Goiás), from module I to module XII, who had direct contact with the students, as well as with patients. The data collection period ranged from August to November 2018 and was developed by means of a convenience sampling. Two different questionnaires were applied, the first one being about sociodemographic and personal aspects, and the second one the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI), which multidimensionally measures empathy. Results: The participants included 101 doctors who are teachers and/or preceptors in a medical graduation course. The mean age was 45.2 (±8.4) years old. As for gender, 45.5% of the sample consisted of women, and 54.4% of men. Most participants are married (80.2%) and declared having a religion. This research showed higher scores of empathy in the female gender in Fantasy (FS) (p=0.0468), Empathic Concern (EC) (p=0.0219) and Personal Distress (PD) (p=0.0230) dimensions, as well as in general average (p=0.0057). Higher levels of empathy were also identified in those participants with a religion, in the PD dimension (p=0.0074). The personal aspects that most influenced the empathy levels were: teachers/preceptors that cared about stimulating their students regarding empathy - in the FS (p=0.0341), EC (p=0.0398), Perspective Taking (PT) (p=0.0464) dimensions and general average (p=0.0442); those who affirmed to be empathetic themselves - FS (p=0.0327), EC (p=0.0061), PT (p=0.0008) dimensions and general average (p=0.0067); and those who are satisfied about their teaching practice - PT dimension (p=0.0289). Conclusion: The collected data showed that sociodemographic and personal aspects have a direct influence on empathy levels. Such evidence is relevant since the education of medical students suffer the influence of the teachers/preceptors' approach and behavior.

Estrés laboral, burnout, salud mental y su relación con violencia psicológica en docentes universitarios / Occupational stress, burnout, mental health and its relationship with workplace violence in university teachers

RESUMEN Objetivo: Conocer la relación entre estrés laboral, síndrome de burnout y afectaciones en la salud mental con violencia y acoso psicológico en el trabajo. Materiales y métodos: Cuestionarios: Datos sociodemográficos, Estrés Laboral, Maslach Burnout, General de Salud de Goldberg e Inventario para Violencia y Acoso Psicológico en el Trabajo. Estudio descriptivo, analítico y transversal. Muestra 68 docentes. Análisis estadístico univariado para descripción sociodemográfica muestral y variables de estudio a través de frecuencias absolutas y relativas con un IC de 95 %. Análisis bivariado prueba de X 2 para variables paramétricas y exacta de Fisher variables no paramétricas, p <0.05. Resultados: Significancia estadística análisis univariado para estrés (territorio p= 0.007, influencia del líder p= 0.008, falta de cohesión p= 0.03 y respaldo del grupo p= 0.038); afectaciones salud mental (relaciones interpersonales p= 0.022 y trastornos del sueño p= 0.012). Análisis bivariado para estrés y nivel de intensidad de violencia (p= 0.000), estrés y nivel de presencia de acoso psicológico (p= 0.000) para ambos grupos. Estratificación por género con significancia estadística para prevalencia salud mental, masculino, programa medicina (valor p= 0.028). Conclusiones: Ambos grupos presentaron relación entre fuentes de estrés, alteraciones a la salud mental y violencia y acoso psicológico. Sin embargo, el grupo de enfermería enfrenta un entorno laboral más empobrecido y se expresa a través de un liderazgo poco favorable y se manifiesta como disarmonía en las relaciones interpersonales y escasa realización personal por el trabajo.

ABSTRACT Objective: To know the relationship between work stress, burnout syndrome and mental health problems with violence and psychological harassment at work. Materials and methods: Questionnaires: Sociodemographic data, Work Stress, Maslach Burnout, General Health Goldberg and Inventory for Violence and Psychological Harassment at Work. Descriptive, analytical and transversal study. Shows 68 teachers. Univariate statistical analysis for sample sociodemographic description and study variables through absolute and relative frequencies with a 95% CI. Bivariate analysis X2 test for parametric variables and Fisher's exact nonparametric variables, p <0.05. Results: Statistical significance univariate analysis for stress (territory p = 0.007, influence of the leader p = 0.008, lack of cohesion p = 0.03 and support of the group p = 0.038); affectations mental health (interpersonal relationships p = 0.022 and sleep disorders p = 0.012). Bivariate analysis for stress and level of intensity of violence (p = 0.000), stress and level of presence of psychological harassment (p = 0.000) for both groups. Stratification by gender with statistical significance for prevalence mental health, male, medicine program (value p = 0.028). Conclusions: Both groups presented a relationship between sources of stress, alterations to mental health and violence and psychological harassment. However, the nursing group faces a more impoverished work environment and expresses itself through unfavorable leadership and manifests as disharmony in interpersonal relationships and poor personal fulillment through work.

El pase de visita médico-docente como herramienta en la formación de aptitudes profesionales / The teaching-medical rounds: a tool in the training of professional skills

RESUMEN Introducción: el proceso docente-educativo en la enseñanza de la carrera de Medicina, tiene implícitos elementos a desarrollar que permitan cumplimentar las tareas de asistencia y docencia, donde deben existir beneficios para el paciente y para el aprendizaje del estudiante. Objetivo: demostrar la importancia del pase de visita como una herramienta docente. Desarrollo: el pase de visita médica es la principal actividad educativa para la formación de la aptitud clínica en el médico, por la doble dimensión de sus objetivos. La utilización de las nuevas tecnologías en beneficio de la docencia asegura un correcto funcionamiento del ejercicio, unido a la problematización de esta visita que incentiva a la toma de decisiones, emisión de consideraciones diagnósticas, terapéuticas y pronósticos, que favorece a su vez, la adquisición de habilidades y pericias en la comunicación y profesionalismo. Permite la retroalimentación inmediata y fomenta la formación de criterios propios. Conclusiones: en la actualidad el pase de visita médica se ha convertido en un evento fugaz, con fines administrativos y asistenciales, no obstante, permite al estudiante el desarrollo de destrezas clínicas, una retroalimentación inmediata, desarrolla sus capacidades mediante la crítica y autocrítica y fomenta la formación de sus propios criterios

ABSTRACT Introduction: teaching-educational process in the training of medical studies has implicit the elements to develop skills that allow the complement of the tasks of assistance and instruction, where there must be benefits for patients and for the student's learning. Objective: to demonstrate the importance of the teaching-medical rounds as a teaching tool. Development: the teaching-medical rounds are one of the main educational activities for the training of clinical aptitudes in the medical doctors, due to the dual dimensions of its objectives. The application of new technologies for the benefit of teaching that ensures the correct process of the exercise together with the problematic of these rounds that encourage the decision-making process, issuance of diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic considerations, favoring the development of skills and expertise in communication and professionalism. It allows immediate feedback and encourages the expansion of individual criteria. Conclusions: currently the teaching-medical rounds have become into a transitory event, with purely administrative and welfare purposes, however allowing the student to develop clinical skills, immediate feedback, development of individual skills by means of criticism and self-criticism along with the encouragement for the formation of their own criteria.

Caminando junto a la tuberculosis / Walking with tuberculosis

En países con elevada endemia tuberculosa, las personas están muy cerca a esta enfermedad a lo largo de toda su vida. Sea porque algún familiar o amigo desarrolla la enfermedad o porque en el devenir de la vida experimenta la infección o la enfermedad. En el caso del médico o profesional de la salud, seguramente su cercanía será mayor, y preferentemente si se dedica a actividades de prevención y control en tuberculosis. En este artículo se exponen las experiencias cercanas con la tuberculosis desde nuestra infancia, como estudiante de medicina, médico, investigador, salubrista y docente universitario, donde el profesional pasa situaciones afectivas personales, temas de limitaciones de conocimiento, limitaciones en el diagnóstico, hasta ejecución de investigaciones sobre problemas locales y generando respuestas en la prevención y control. Seguramente es una experiencia común en profesionales de salud que en el día a día enfrentan esta endemia, de la cual cada vez conocemos más, pero se nos hace muy difícil su control.

In countries with high tuberculosis endemicity, people are very close to this disease throughout their lives. This may be because a relative or friend develops the disease, or because in the course of their lives they themselves acquire the infection or illness. In the event, that the person is a doctor or a health professional their contact with tuberculosis will be greater, and even more so if they are involved in activities relating to its prevention and control. This article discusses my experiences with tuberculosis since childhood, as a medical student, doctor, researcher, health professional and university professor, where the professional navigates situations of a personal or emotional nature, knowledge limitations, diagnostic constraints, and even undertaking research on local problems and generating responses in prevention and control. It is surely, a common experience among health professionals who each day face this endemic which we increasingly know more about, yet it remains very difficult to control.

"Café com Educação Médica" - Breve Relato de uma Experiência para o Desenvolvimento da Docência / "Medical Education with Coffee" - a Brief Report of an Experience for Faculty Development

RESUMO O desenvolvimento docente é uma necessidade nas escolas para adequar o ensino médico às intensas e contínuas transformações do mundo e da sociedade contemporânea. Iniciativas de desenvolvimento docente precisam avançar para além de cursos de capacitação, evoluindo para comunidades de prática. Com o intuito de incorporar princípios da educação médica ao cotidiano do professor, em diversos níveis, desde o planejamento até a avaliação dos processos de ensino, entendemos que ambientes informais também podem constituir espaços para o desenvolvimento da docência. Assim, a Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, da Universidade Estadual Paulista, criou o "café com educação médica", uma reunião matinal quinzenal para discussão de aportes teóricos para subsidiar as ações de pesquisa e prática do Núcleo de Apoio Pedagógico. A reunião tem configuração semelhante à dos clubes de revista tradicionais no ensino de graduação e residência médica, mas com particularidades voltadas à educação em saúde. O êxito da experiência se deve à possibilidade de ocorrer desenvolvimento docente em contexto acolhedor e informal. Tendo em vista os relatos de transformação da prática docente motivados por iniciativas semelhantes ao redor do mundo e observando como nossa experiência tem sido oportuna, encorajamos as escolas médicas brasileiras a compartilharem também seus clubes de revista em educação médica e os resultados com eles obtidos.

ABSTRACT Faculty development is needed if medical schools are to adapt to the intense and constant changes taking place in the world, and in society. Initiatives for faculty development should go beyond workshops, evolving into communities of practice. To incorporate the principles of medical education into all levels of the curriculum, from planning through to assessment, the assimilation of faculty development is needed, including in informal scenarios. To this end, Botucatu School of Medicine of the Universidade Estadual Paulista created "medical education with coffee", a morning meeting that is held twice a month to discuss theoretical approaches to medical education that supports the practices and research of the institutional center for educational support. The meetings are similar to the traditional journal clubs for undergraduate and residency programs, except that they are specially geared towards medical education. The success of these meetings lies in their capacity to develop faculty, in a cozy and informal environment. Based on reports of improvements in teaching practices around the world due to similar initiatives, we encourage other Brazilian medical schools to adopt of medical education journal clubs, and to share their results.

Identidad ocupacional en docentes de carreras de la salud y su relación con las prácticas pedagógicas / Psychometric properties of a newly developed occupational identity questionnaire for university teachers

Background: Occupational identity is defined as the perception of occupational interests, abilities, goals, and values, and the structure of the meanings that link these self-perceptions to career role. We developed an occupational identity questionnaire suitable to be used with university teachers. Aim: To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Occupational Identity Questionnaire (OIQ) and relate its results with those of the Teaching Practices questionnaire. Material and Methods. The OIQ and Teaching Practices Questionnaire were answered by 311 university teachers along Chile, who were selected through a non-probabilistic volunteer sampling. An exploratory factor analysis was performed and the internal consistency of each factor was calculated with Cronbach's Alpha. Spearman correlations were used to explore the relationship between the two questionnaires. Results: Two factors were identified in OIQ: Teaching Vocation and Sense of Competence. Cronbach's Alpha was 0.75 for teaching vocation and 0.82 for the sense of competence. There was a moderate direct relationship between teaching vocation, sense of competence and the results of the Teaching Practices Questionnaire. Conclusions: OIS has an adequate internal consistency, its factorial structure showed two different types of identities and it is directly related to the results of the Teaching Practices Questionnaire.

[ARTIGO RETRATADO] Percepção dos Professores de Medicina de uma Escola Pública Brasileira em relação ao Sofrimento Psíquico de Seus Alunos / [RETRACTED ARTICLE] The Psychological Distress Suffered by Medical Students at a Brazilian Public university from the Viewpoint of their Teachers

RESUMO O sofrimento psíquico do estudante de Medicina é conhecido e já estudado. O papel do professor em detectar dificuldades geradoras de sofrimento psíquico em seus alunos e saber como lidar com elas é fundamental para a prevenção desse sofrimento. Entretanto, nem sempre os professores estão preparados para esses desafios. Objetivo: Estudar a percepção dos docentes do curso de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) em relação ao sofrimento psíquico de seus alunos. Método: Estudo transversal quantitativo realizado com os docentes do ciclo profissional do curso de Medicina da UFMG. A amostra de 102 docentes foi obtida por sorteio aleatório e dividida em quatro estratos: masculino até dez anos de docência, masculino com mais de dez anos, feminino com até dez anos de docência e feminino com mais de dez anos. Foi elaborado um questionário autoaplicativo de 28 itens com cinco opções da escala de Likert. Para análise dos dados foram construídos quatro indicadores: indicador de percepção de sofrimento psíquico (IPSP), indicador de compromisso do professor com as dificuldades emocionais do estudante (ICDE), indicador de atuação frente ao sofrimento psíquico (IAPS) e indicador geral (IG). Realizou-se análise dos quartis e calculou-se a diferença entre os grupos utilizando testes não paramétricos. Cinco questões não incluídas nos indicadores foram analisadas separadamente. Resultados: Dos 102 sorteados, 79 docentes responderam e sete se negaram a participar da pesquisa. Foi constatada preocupação com o sofrimento psíquico dos estudantes, variável entre os estratos. Para o IG, as professoras com mais tempo de docência obtiveram a mediana mais elevada em relação aos homens com menos tempo (p < 0,05). Para os demais indicadores, apesar da diferença entre os quartis, a comparação das medianas não mostrou diferenças estatisticamente significativas. Para as perguntas não incluídas nos indicadores, do total de professores, 85% já tiveram alunos com dificuldades emocionais. Os homens, com maior frequência, afirmaram desconhecer a existência de problemas emocionais entre os estudantes. Houve desconhecimento das instâncias de acolhimento psicólogico aos estudantes por 16,5% dos professores. A ocorrência de bullying na FMUFMG não foi percebida por mais de 50% dos professores. Apenas 28% admitiram que seus atos ou atitudes teriam desencadeado sofrimento psíquico no estudante. Ao se perguntar sobre apoio ao professor, 75,9%desejavam uma instância de apoio emocional ao professor. Conclusão: Este estudo, apesar das limitações, é inédito ao avaliar a percepção do docente do curso de Medicina em relação ao sofrimento psíquico dos estudantes. Tempo de docência e sexo feminino parecem exercer um papel importante na percepção do docente sobre o sofrimento psíquico do estudante. Parcela significativa de professores desconhece a existência das instâncias de apoio psicológico aos estudantes. Situações de assédio e bullying na escola médica permanecem negadas por muitos docentes.

ABSTRACT The psychological distress suffered by medical students is well-known. The role of the teaching staff in detecting difficulties causing students psychological distress and their knowledge of how to handle them is fundamental for preventing such problems. However, medical teachers are not always prepared to deal with these challenges. Objective: To study the perception of the teaching staff of the medical school at the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (FMUFMG) concerning the psychological distress of the students. Method: A cross-sectional quantitative study carried out with the faculty of the UFMG medical school. The sample of 102 teachers was obtained by random draw and divided into four groups: males with up to ten (10) years of teaching, males with more than ten (10) years, females with up to ten (10) years of teaching, and females with more than ten (10)years. A self-applied 28-item questionnaire with a 5-point Likert scale from strongly agree to strongly disagree was prepared. For the data analysis four indicators were elaborated: psychological distress perception indicator (IPSP), commitment of the teacher to the student emotional difficulties indicator (ICDE), performance in the face of psychological distress indicator (IAPS) and a general indicator (IG). Quartile analysis was carried out and the difference among the groups was calculated using nonparametric tests. Five questions that were not included in the indicators were independently analyzed. Results: Seven teachers refused to participate and 79 answers were collected.The results showed varying degrees of concern among the groups in relation to the psychological distress of students. For the IG, the female teachers with longer teaching experience obtained a higher median in relation to the men with less teaching experience (p<0.05). For the other indicators, despite the difference between the quartiles, the comparison of the medians showed no statistically significant differences. For questions not included in the indicators, it was shown that 85% of the sample had perceived psychological distress among their students. Male teachers more frequently deny psychological distress among students. 16.5% of the teachers did not know of any instances of institutional psychological care. The occurrence of bullying failed to be noted by more than 50% of the teachers. Only 28% of the teachers admitted that their actions or attitudes could precipitate a student's psychological distress. When questioned about emotional support for teachers, 75.9% would appreciate some institutional support. Conclusion: The present study, despite its limitations, is unique in assessing the perception of the medical teaching staff in relation to the psychological distress of the students. Teaching experience and being female seem to play an important role in the teacher's perception of psychological distress among students. A significant portion of the teaching staff ignores the existence of psychological support programs for students.

El trabajo metodológico en las asignaturas: un compromiso del ciclo clínico en Medicina / The methodological work in the subjects: a commitment of the clinical cycle in Medicine

Fundamento: la preparación de la asignatura es un tipo de labor metodológica que contribuye a la calidad del proceso docente educativo. Objetivo: caracterizar la actividad metodológica para la preparación de asignaturas que se imparten en el ciclo clínico de la carrera de Medicina. Métodos: se realizó una investigación descriptiva esencialmente cualitativa en el Hospital Docente Universitario "Mártires del 9 de Abril", Sagua la Grande, Villa Clara, durante el curso 2014-2015. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos para la fundamentación de la investigación y empíricos para la obtención y análisis de la información. Resultados: en sentido general, los docentes en su mayoría ostentan la categoría docente de asistentes y se han superado en el curso básico de Pedagogía; sin embargo, demostraron deficiencias en el conocimiento de los documentos rectores del trabajo metodológico, y los colectivos de año y de asignaturas no se desempeñan con la calidad requerida, lo cual incide en la preparación de las asignaturas, situación que fue corroborada a través de la observación científica a determinadas actividades docentes, en las que se determinaron carencias. Conclusiones: el trabajo metodológico para la preparación de las asignaturas durante el ciclo clínico de la carrera de Medicina efectuado en el Hospital Docente Universitario "Mártires del 9 de Abril", de Sagua la Grande, aún resultaba insuficiente para el logro de la calidad de la docencia en esta área.

Background: the preparation of the subject is a type of methodological work that contributes to the quality of the teaching-learning process. Objective: to characterize the methodological activity for the preparation of subjects that are taught in the clinical cycle of the medical career. Methodology: an essentially qualitative descriptive research was carried out at "Mártires del 9 de Abril", University Teaching Hospital of Sagua la Grande, Villa Clara, during the academic year 2014-2015. Theoretical methods were used for the theoretical foundations of the investigation and empirical ones for the obtaining and analysis of the information. Results: in a general way, teachers mostly have the teaching rank of assistant professors and have passed the Pedagogy basic course; however, they showed deficiencies in the knowledge of the guiding documents of the methodological work, and the year and subject teaching staffs do not perform with the required quality, which affects the preparation of the subjects, a situation that was corroborated by the scientific observation to certain teaching activities, in which deficiencies were identified. Conclusions: the methodological work for the preparation of the subjects during the clinical cycle of the medical career carried out at "Mártires del 9 de Abril", University Teaching Hospital of Sagua la Grande, is still insufficient for the achievement of teaching quality in this area.