Exceso de peso y antecedentes heredofamiliares, una oportunidad de acción desde la Universidad / Excess weight and hereditary family history, an opportunity for action from the University

Resumen Objetivo: Identificar a los estudiantes con sobrepeso y obesidad, con antecedentes heredofamiliares para hipertensión y diabetes mellitus y sus hábitos de salud. Materiales y métodos: Cuestionario en línea. Participaron estudiantes de primer ingreso de diferentes programas académicos. Se incluyeron aspectos de antecedentes heredofamiliares, índice de masa corporal, y hábitos de salud. Se estimó asociación por regresión logística. Resultados: De 1211 estudiantes el 68% fueron mujeres. Se reportó bajo peso 10%, normo peso 65% y exceso de peso 25%. El 28% tuvo antecedentes heredo familiares (AHF) para diabetes mellitus y 14% para hipertensión. En un análisis estratificado por sexo, el consumo de alcohol se asoció a exceso de peso en los hombres (OR = 2.3, IC95% [1.1-5.0], p = 0.031); y en las mujeres lo fue el AHF para hipertensión arterial (OR = 2.2, IC95% [1.3-3.7], p = 0.004). Conclusión: Ser hombre, fumar, consumo de alcohol y AHF para hipertensión arterial fueron factores asociados a exceso de peso. En las universidades todavía es tiempo para establecer un proyecto de acción para mantener y promocionar la salud.

Abstract Objective: Identify overweight and obese students with a family history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus and their health habits at the University Center of Health Sciences. Materials and methods: Online questionnaire. First year students of different academic programs participated. Aspects of hereditary family history, body mass index, and health habits were included. Association was estimated by logistic regression. Results: Out of 1755 students, 68% were women. Low weight 10%, normal weight 65% and excess weight 25% were reported. 28% had a hereditary family history (AHF) for diabetes mellitus and 14% for hypertension. In an analysis stratified by sex, alcohol consumption was associated with excess weight in men (OR = 2.3, IC95% [1.1-5.0], p = 0.031); and in women it was AHF for arterial hypertension (OR = 2.2, IC95% [1.3-3.7], p = 0.004). Conclusion: Being a man, smoking, alcohol consumption and AHF for arterial hypertension were factors associated with excess weight. At universities, is still time to an action project to maintain and promote health.

Hipercolesterolemia en los padres e historia dínica familiar como predictores de hipercolesterolemia en los hijos / Parental hypercholesterolemia and family medical history as predictors of hypercholesterolemia in their children

Introducción.La hipercolesterolemia en los padres sería mejor predictor de hipercolesterolemia en niños que la historia clínica familiar. Objetivos. Comparar las fuerzas de asociación y los valores de predicción de la hipercolesterolemia en padres y la historia clínica familiar positiva con la hipercolesterolemia en hijos. Material y métodos. Estudio analítico, transversal. Se dosó colesterolemia en niños ≥ 6 y < 12 años y sus padres biológicos. Se realizó una encuesta a los padres. Se evaluó la asociación mediante el cálculo de odds ratio. Se determinó su valor de predicción. Se estudió la relación entre la hipercolesterolemia en padres y en hijos usando la regresión multinivel. Resultados. Se evaluaron 332 niños, 304 madres y 206 padres. El análisis entre uno/ambos progenitores con colesterolemia ≥ 240 mg/dl y niños ≥ 200 mg/dl mostró OR= 6,40; IC95 % =2,85-14,48; p <0,0001; sensibilidad= 69 %; espedhcidad= 74 %; valor predictivo positivo (VPP)= 34 %; valor predictivo negativo (VPN)= 93 %; razones de verosimilitud positiva (RVP)= 2,69; negativa (RVN)= 0,42. La historia clínica familiar vs. niños con colesterolemia ≥ 200 arrojó OR= 1,86; IC95 %= 0,84-4,11; p= 0,1272; sensibilidad= 69 %; especificidad= 46 %; VPP= 19 %; VPN= 89 %; RVP= 1,27; RVN= 0,68. Los hijos tuvieron 2,9 y 2,5 más mg/dl de colesterol por cada 10 mg/dl de aumento en colesterol en madres y padres, respectivamente. Conclusiones: La hipercolesterolemia en padres se asoció significativamente con la hipercolesterolemia en hijos y mostró mayor poder de predicción que la historia clínica familiar positiva.

Introduction. Parental hypercholesterolemia would be a better predictor of hypercholesterolemia than family medical history in children. Objectives. To compare the strength of association and predictive values of parental hypercholesterolemia versus a positive family history in pediatric hypercholesterolemia. Material and methods. Cross-sectional, analytical study. Cholesterol levels were measured in children aged ≥ 6 and < 12 years and in their biological parents. A survey was administered to parents. The association was estimated using the odds ratio (OR), and its predictive value was determined. The relationship between hypercholesterolemia in parents and their children was studied with multilevel regression. Results. A total of 332 children, 304 mothers, and 206 fathers were assessed. A cholesterol level ≥ 240 mg/dL in one or both parents and ≥ 200 mg/dL in children showed: OR= 6.40; 95 % confidence interval (CI)= 2.85-14.48; p < 0.0001; sensitivity= 69 %; specihcity= 74 %; positive predictive value (PPV)= 34 %; negative predictive value (NPV)= 93 %; positive likelihood ratio (LR+)= 2.69; negative likelihood ratio (LR-)= 0.42. Family medical history versus children with cholesterol level ≥ 200 showed: OR= 1.86; 95 % CI= 0.84-4.11; p= 0.1272; sensitivity= 69 %; specihcity= 46 %; PPV= 19 %; NPV= 89 %; LR+= 1.27; LR-= 0.68. Cholesterol was 2.9 and 2.5 mg/dL higher per every 10 mg/dL of increased cholesterol in mothers and fathers, respectively. Conclusions: Parental hypercholesterolemia was significantly associated with hypercholesterolemia in children and showed a higher predictive power than a positive family medical history.

Family History as a Risk Factor for Iron Deficiency Anemia among Korean Adolescents: Data from the Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) / 임상소아혈액종양

BACKGROUND: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a disease prevalent throughout the world. However, there is limited information regarding whether familial factors are associated with the risk of adolescent IDA. METHODS: This study evaluated the association between adolescent IDA and family history of IDA using data from the fifth Korea National Health Nutrition Survey (2010–2012). Data from 10-18-year-old children who underwent laboratory testing were analyzed. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of IDA was 3.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.4−4.1%), with prevalence of 0.5% among boys (95% CI: 0.2−1.3%) and 6.2% among girls (95% CI: 4.6−8.3%). The prevalence of IDA was associated with female sex (odds ratio [OR]: 13.43, 95% CI: 4.92−36.65; P < 0.001) and a family history of IDA (OR: 3.12, 95% CI: 1.11−8.76; P=0.03). Other risk factors for IDA were receiving social welfare support (OR: 3.31, 95% CI: 1.45−7.56; P=0.031), low maternal education (OR: 3.12, 95% CI: 1.39−6.99; P=0.006), receiving charitable food support (OR: 2.27: 95% CI: 0.9−5.44; P=0.04), poor body-image (OR: 2.14, 95% CI: 1.16−3.93; P=0.026), and weight-loss efforts (OR: 2.42, 95% CI: 1.27−4.61; P=0.01). Nutritional supplementation protected against IDA (OR: 0.40, 95% CI: 0.19−0.82; P=0.007), although adolescents with awareness of nutritional labels had a high IDA prevalence (OR: 8.06, 95% CI: 1.71−38.05; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: A family history of IDA was an independent risk factor for IDA. Further studies are needed to determine whether family-level educational interventions can reduce the risk of adolescent IDA.