Résumé
ObjectiveFor children with dental fear who refuse to take oral medicine, the advantage of nasal administration remains undetermined. The purpose of the study was to compare the effectiveness of oral and intranasal midazolam in children with dental fear by evaluating their physiological and behavioral responses.MethodsFrom January 2018 to May 2019, 112 children were selected from the Department of Stomatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of science and technology. Children were randomly divided into two groups: the oral group (oral midazolam) and the nasal group (nasal spray was used to spray midazolam into the nose), with 56 cases in each group. The sleep status, crying status, movement status and behavior scores were recorded at the beginning of administration, binding plate, local anesthesia, 5min, 10min, 15min, 20min and 25min respectively. The scores of Ramsay scale and behavior were compared between the two groups.ResultsThere was no significant difference in sleep score between oral group (2.01±0.11) and nasal group (1.98±0.24) (P>0.05). The crying score [(2.0±0.3)], movement score [(2.1±0.1)], and behavior score [(2.0±0.5)] in the nasal group were significantly higher than those in the oral group [(1.3±0.1), (1.3±0.3), (1.4±0.2)], the difference was statistically significant (P0.05). ConclusionOral midazolam and intranasal midazolam have similar sedative effects for relieving children′s anxiety. However, the sedation effect was faster of oral midazolam, which can provide guidance for children in clinical oral medicine.
Résumé
Objective: The hippocampus has an important role in the acquisition and recall of aversive memories. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship among hippocampal rhythms. Methods: Microeletrodes arrays were implanted in the hippocampus of Wistar rats. The animals were trained and tested in a contextual fear conditioning task. The training consisted in applying shocks in the legs. The memory test was performed 1 day (recent memory) or 18 days (remote memory) after training. We proposed a measure based on the FFT power spectrum, denominated "delta-theta ratio", to characterize the different behaviors (active exploration and freezing) and the memories types. Results: The delta-theta ratio was able to distinguish recent and remote memories. In this study, the ratio for the 18-day group was smaller than for the 1-day group. Moreover, this measure was useful to distinguish the different behavior states - active exploration and freezing. Conclusions: The results suggest delta-theta oscillations could reflect the demands on information processing during recent and remote memory recalls.
Objetivo: O hipocampo tem um importante papel na aquisição e evocação das memórias aversivas. Pretendeu-se, neste trabalho, investigar a dinâmica entre os ritmos hipocampais durante a evocação das memórias aversivas recente e remota. Métodos: Foram implantadas matrizes de microeletrodos em ratos Wistar. Os animais foram treinados e testados numa tarefa de condicionamento contextual de medo. O treino consistiu em aplicações de choques nas patas. O teste de memória foi realizado 1 dia (memória recente) ou 18 dias (memória remota) após o treino. Nesse trabalho, foi proposta uma medida baseada no espectro de potências, denominada "razão delta-theta", para caracterização dos diferentes comportamentos observados (vigília exploratória e congelamento) e tipos de memórias. Resultados: A razão delta-theta mostrou-se capaz de distinguir os grupos testados para as memórias recente e remota. Neste caso, observou-se, para o grupo testado 18 dias após, um valor menor do que para o grupo testado 1 dia após. Além disso, essa medida mostrou-se útil para distinguir os diferentes estados comportamentais. Conclusões: Os resultados sugerem que a dinâmica entre os ritmos delta e theta pode refletir o processamento da informação durante a evocação das memórias recente e remota.