The Combination of Vivianite Powder and Compost Derived Poultry Litter: Appropriate Biological Fertilizer to Improve Nutritional Values of Carrot (Daucus Carota L.)

Aims: To improve the nutritional values of carrot in the Great North Cameroon by using natural fertilizing. Study Design: A 11x2x2 factorial design with 11 origins of carrot roots (fertilizing) (T0, T+, P10, P15, Py10, Py15, F1, F1+P10, F1+P15, F1+Py10 and F1+Py15), 02 harvest areas (Maroua and Ngaoundere (Cameroon)) and 02 harvest years (2019 and 2020). Place and Duration of Study: Laboratory of Biodiversity and Sustainable Development, University of Ngaoundere Cameroon, September 2019 and September 2020. Methodology: Nutrient parameters of carrot roots (moisture, vitamin C, carotenoids, fiber, carbohydrates and ash of carrot roots contents) were assessed according to standard methods. Results: Globally, carrot nutritional values varied significantly (p<0.05) depending on fertilizer, harvest area (Ngaoundere and Maroua Cameroon), and harvest year (2019 and 2020). The carrot nutrient contents from Maroua Cameroon were higher than those from Ngaoundere. The highest carrot nutrients content was from F1+P10 plots (combination of 1 Kg of poultry litter with 10 g of vivianite powder). In Maroua, roots from treated carrot plants with F1+P10 fertilizer are 1.55 and 1.24 fold richer in carotenoids than those from T0 and T+ plants respectively in 2019 ; in growing year 2020, the carotenoid contents of F1+P10 roots were 1.52 fold and 1.29 fold higher than those of T0 and T+ plants. In Ngaoundere, Vitamin C content of carrots from F1+P10 fertilizer is 1.79 fold higher than that of T0 plants and 1.18 fold higher than that of T+ plants in 2019, while in 2020 the value of this parameter was 1.69 fold and 1.47 fold higher than that of T0 and T+ plants respectively. The F1+P10 fertilizer encreased total carbohydrate content at 51.88 % compared to T0 and 20.03 % compared to T+ in Maroua, and at 27.59 % and 7.95 % compared to T0 and T+ respectively in Ngaoundere. Conclusion: By used F1+P10 natural fertilizer for carrot growing, we contribute to improve the nutritional values of this vegetable crop, but also to valorize our local resources in biological agriculture, as well as to protect the environment.

Crescimento e produção do maracujazeiro amarelo, sob diferentes fontes e doses de fósforo em cobertura / Growth and production of yellow passion fruits plants under different sources and doses of phosphorus

O Brasil é o maior produtor mundial do maracujazeiro amarelo, uma cultura exigente em nutrientes, mas pouco estudada quanto à adubação fosfatada, fundamental no estabelecimento da cultura. Nesse sentido, um experimento foi desenvolvido no período de março de 2010 a abril de 2011, no município de Remígio, PB, objetivando avaliar os atributos vegetativo e produtivo do maracujazeiro amarelo cultivar IAC 273/277 + 275 sob adubação com diferentes fontes e doses de fósforo em cobertura. O ensaio foi instalado em blocos ao acaso, em três repetições e 12 plantas por parcela, num arranjo fatorial de 2 x 5, referente às fontes de superfosfato simples e triplo, nas doses de 0, 12, 18, 24 e 30 g de P2O5 cova-1. Foram avaliadas as seguintes variáveis: diâmetro do caule, número de ramos produtivos, número de frutos por planta, massa média de frutos, produção por planta e produtividade. As fontes e doses de fósforo influenciam o crescimento e produção do maracujazeiro amarelo. O superfosfato triplo é a fonte fosfatada mais eficiente para o crescimento e produção do maracujazeiro amarelo. A dose com a máxima produtividade de maracujazeiro amarelo é 42,86 g de superfosfato triplo.

Brazil is the largest world producer of yellow passion fruit, a fruit crop which is exigent in nutrients, although little studied in relation to phosphorus fertilizing, fundamental on plant establishment. An experiment was carried out during the period of March/2010 to April/2011 in Remígio County, Paraiba State, Brazil, in order to evaluate the vegetative and productive attributes of yellow passion fruit plants under different sources and doses of phosphorus. Treatments were distributed in randomized blocks in tree replications and twelve plants by plot using the factorial design 2 x 5 referring the sources of superphosphate triple and superphosphate simple at levels P2O5 of 0, 12, 18, 24 and 30 g cave-1. The following variables were recorded: stem diameter, number of productive branches, number of fruits per plant, fruit mass and fruit yield. The sources and doses of phosphorus affected growth and fruit production of yellow passion plants. The triple superphosphate is the most phosphorus efficient source for growth and fruit production of yellow passion fruit. The triple superphosphate dose which promoted the maximum yield of yellow passion fruit is 42.86 g.

Técnicas para el análisis de la fertilidad potencial del semen equino / Techniques for analyzing the potential fertility of stallion semen / Métodos de avaliação do potencial de fertilidade do sêmen equino

Para optimizar los resultados se debe determinar la fertilidad potencial del semen equino usado en procedimientos de reproducción asistida, tales como la inseminación artificial. Sin embargo, los procesos convencionales de evaluación seminal pueden dar un bajo valor predictivo de la tasa de gestación. Por tal motivo se han desarrollado nuevos métodos de análisis seminal, incorporado diversos recursos tecnológicos y mejorado las técnicas existentes, y en muchos casos adaptándolas a la especie equina. El desarrollo de los sistemas de análisis de semen asistido por computador (CASA) ha permitido que la evaluación espermática sea más objetiva y precisa, incluyendo la determinación de nuevas variables con valor diagnóstico. El hallazgo de una amplia variedad de fluorocromos y de compuestos conjugados a sondas fluorescentes y el desarrollo de diferentes tecnologías para visualizar y cuantificar la fluorescencia de la célula y sus compartimentos permite un análisis más completo de los espermatozoides. La aplicación de ensayos o técnicas que utilizan oocitos de otras especies o incluso partes de la zona pelúcida ha favorecido el diagnóstico más certero de la verdadera capacidad fecundante de los espermatozoides equinos. El objetivo de esta revisión es ofrecer y analizar información sobre los métodos convencionales y recientes empleados para evaluar la fertilidad potencial del semen equino.

In order to optimize the results of assisted reproductive procedures such as artificial insemination, the potential fertility of stallion semen should be determined. However, conventional processes of seminal evaluation can give an low predictive value of the pregnancy rate. For this reason, the new methods of semen analysis incorporate several technological resources and improve the existing techniques. In many cases those techniques have been adapted to the equine species. The development of the computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA) has allowed a more objective and accurate sperm evaluation, including the identification of new variables with diagnostic value. The finding of a wide variety of fluorochromes and compounds conjugated with fluorescent probes, and the development of various technologies to visualize and quantify the fluorescence emmited by the cell and cell compartments allows a more complete sperm analysis. The application of tests or techniques using oocytes from other species or even parts of the zona pellucida has favored a more accurate diagnosis of the true sperm fertilizing capacity in horses. The aim of this review is to provide and analyze information on recent conventional methods used to assess the potential fertility of stallion semen.

Determinar a fertilidade potencial do sêmen equino utilizado em procedimentos de reprodução assistida como a inseminação artificial, é fundamental para aperfeiçoar seus resultados. Embora, os procedimentos convencionais de avaliação seminal poderiam ter um valor preditivo reduzido das taxas de gestação que se podem obter a partir da utilização deste. Por tal motivo, tem se desenvolvido novos métodos de analise seminal, incorporando diversos recursos tecnológicos e melhorando as técnicas existentes, e em muitas ocasiões adaptando-lhas a espécie equina. O desenvolvimento dos sistemas de analise de sêmen assistido por computador (CASA), tem permitido que a avaliação espermática fosse mais objetiva e precisa, incluindo a determinação de novas variáveis com valor diagnostica. Tem se encontrado uma ampla variedade de fluorocromos e de compostos conjugados a sondas fluorescentes, e o desenvolvimento de diferentes tecnologias para visualizar e quantificar a fluorescência emitida pela célula e seus compartimentos, o qual tem permitido um analise mais ampla das características dos espermatozoides. A aplicação de ensaios ou técnicas que utilizam ovócitos de outras espécies ou incluso partes da zona pelúcida, tem favorecido dispor de sistemas de diagnostico mais certeiros da verdadeira capacidade fecundante dos espermatozoides equinos. Esta revisão tem como objetivo, recopilar e analisar informação referente aos métodos convencionais e recentes, que poderiam ser empregados para a avaliação da fertilidade potencial do sêmen equino.

Correlation among routine semen parameters, sperm viabilty and malondialdehyde levels in human subjects with different fertility potential.

Percentage of viable sperms has good potential to reflect male fertilizing potential. In the present study, an attempt was made to find out the percentage of viable sperms in normal and abnormal ejaculates and influence of reactive oxygen species in affecting the viability of sperm. Malondialdehyde (MDA) in seminal plasma of normal and abnormal ejaculates was measured by Thiobarbituric Acid method and percentage of viable sperms was assessed by Eosin-Nigrosin staining. The results revealed that the abnormal semen samples have significantly lower number of viable spermatozoa (59.06±9.63% vs. 68.33±5.46%, P<0.05) and higher levels of MDA (2.53±0.66 vs. 1.66±0.37 nmol/ml, P<0.05) as compared to normal. A significant negative correlation was found between seminal MDA level and sperm viability. Based on the results obtained from the present study, we suggest that viability of sperm is an authentic parameter to assess male fertility potential and it can be affected significantly by oxidative stress.

Avaliação agronômica do cultivo de milho em diferentes níveis de investimento / Agronomic evaluation of maize crop at different levels of investment

Com o objetivo de avaliar o desempenho agronômico de nove cultivares de milho, sendo cinco destinadas ao cultivo com baixo investimento e quatro cultivares destinadas ao cultivo sob condições de alto investimento, foram conduzidos dois experimentos no ano agrícola 2004/2005, em Lavras, MG. Em um dos experimentos, utilizou-se a densidade de semeadura de 55.000 plantas ha-1 e, no outro, 65.000 plantas ha-1. Em cada experimento, as nove cultivares de milho foram avaliadas em três níveis de adubação: (1) 300 kg ha-1 de 8-28-16 na semeadura, mais 200 kg ha-1 de 30-00-20, em cobertura; (2) 400 kg ha-1 de 8-28-16 na semeadura, mais 300 kg ha-1 de 30-00-20, em cobertura e (3) 500 kg ha-1 de 8-28-16 na semeadura, mais 300 kg ha-1 de 30-00-20 e 150 kg ha-1 de uréia, em cobertura. Os resultados permitiram concluir que a adubação de 500 kg ha-1 de 8-28-16 na semeadura, mais 300 kg ha-1 de 30-00-20 na primeira cobertura e 150 kg ha-1 de uréia na segunda cobertura proporciona aumento significativo na produtividade de grãos e na altura das plantas. O aumento da densidade de semeadura de 55.000 plantas ha-1 para 65.000 plantas ha-1 não influenciou a produtividade de grãos, mas, interferiu na altura de plantas e de espigas e na prolificidade. As cultivares destinadas ao alto investimento apresentam maior prolificidade, maior altura de planta e maior produtividade de grãos do que as cultivares destinadas ao baixo investimento.

With the aim of evaluating the agronomic traits in nine maize cultivars, five being considered for cultivation of low investment and four maize crops considered for high investment, two trials were carried out in the agricultural year 2004/2005, in Lavras, MG. One of the trials was carried out with plant density of 55.000 plants ha-1 and the other, 65.000 plants ha-1. In each trial the nine maize crops were carried out in three fertilizing levels: (1) 300 kg ha-1 of an 8-28-16 formula at the sowing date, with an additional 200 kg ha-1 of a 30-00-20 formula, for covering; (2) 400 kg ha-1 of 8-28-16 at the sowing date, with an additional of 300 kg of 30-00-20, for covering; (3) 500 kg ha-1 of 8-28-16 at the sowing date, with an additional of 300 kg ha-1 of 30-00-20 and 150 kg ha-1 of N, for covering. The results allowed concluding that fertilizing with 500 kg ha-1 of 8-28-16 at the sowing date, with an additional 300 kg ha-1 of 30-00-20 and 150 kg ha-1 of N, for covering, the maize crops showed expressive increase in the productivity of grains and plant height. The increase of plant density from 55.000 plants ha-1 to 65.000 plants ha-1 did not influence the productivity of the grains, but interfered in the plant height, ear length, and prolificacy. The maize crops of high input showed higher prolificacy, higher plant height and higher productivity of grains in relationship to the crops of low investment.

Doses de nitrogênio e potássio na produção de grama esmeralda / Nitrogen and potassium rates in the zoysia grass sod production

O nitrogênio e potássio são os nutrientes requeridos em maiores quantidades pelas gramas e no Brasil não se tem informação da quantidade a ser aplicada para se obter a formação de tapete em menor tempo possível. Dois experimentos foram instalados em vasos em casa de vegetação, com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de doses de nitrogênio e de potássio na produção de tapetes de grama esmeralda (Zoysia japonica). O delineamento utilizado para cada experimento foi fatorial com doses de N ou K e épocas de avaliação. Foram aplicadas quatro doses de nitrogênio (0, 200, 400 e 600 kg ha-1) e quatro doses de potássio (0, 100, 200, e 300 kg ha-1). As doses de nitrogênio e potássio foram aplicadas parceladamente em cobertura. O aumento das doses de N influenciou a taxa de cobertura do solo pela grama (TCS) permitindo a formação do tapete com a dose de 408 kg ha-1 de N aos 198 dias após a colheita do tapete anterior, tempo menor quando comparado com as demais doses. A concentração de N na folha e da cor verde da grama foram influenciadas pelas doses de N podendo ser utilizadas para auxiliar na recomendação das doses de N. O aumento das doses de K não influenciou na TCS pela grama, sendo o teor no solo (1,4 mmol c dm-3) suficiente para a produção dos tapetes de grama esmeralda.

The nitrogen and potassium are nutrients required in bigger amounts by grasses, and in Brazil there is no information about the amount that must be applied to get sod formation in the shortest lesser possible time. Two experiments were carried out in a green-house, aiming to evaluate the effect of nitrogen and potassium doses on the Zoysiagrass sod production. The design adopted for each experiment was factorial with doses of N or K and times of evaluation. Four nitrogen doses (0, 200, 400 and 600 kg ha-1) and four K2O doses (0, 100, 200, and 300 kg ha-1) had been applied. Nitrogen and potassium doses were applied split doses and topdressed. The soil cover rate by the grass (TCS) was influenced by the increase of nitrogen doses allowing the sod formation with 408 kg ha-1 of nitrogen 198 days after the harvest of the previous sod, shorter time when compared to other doses. The N concentration in the leaf and green color of the grass were influenced by nitrogen doses and could be used to assist in N doses recommendation. The increase of K doses did not influenced in TCS by the grass, the content in the soil (1,4 mmolc dm-3) was enough for the Zoysiagrass sod production.

Effect of Fertilization Promoting Peptide (FPP) on the Acrosome Status of Cryopreserved Human Sperm / 대한불임학회지

No abstract available.

Influence of Sperm Fertilizing Capacity on Embryonic Development and Pregnancy in in Vitro Fertilization / 대한불임학회지

OBJECTIVES: To assess the fertilizing capacity using sperm penetration assay (SPA) to predict the outcome of the in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (iVF-ET) outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Semen samples were provided by 129 patients undergoing iVF. We attempted to correlate the extent of sperm penetration under enhanced SPA protocol with the results of fertilization, cleavage, preimplantation embryo development, and pregnancy. RESULTS: Univariate analysis demonstrated a statistically significant correlation between fertilizing capacity and motility, kinetics, fertilization, cleavage and embryo development, and pregnancy rate. By logistic regression analysis, fertilizing capacity was found to be the only variable that was statistically significant with respect to pregnancy rate. Fertilizing capacity, cleavage rate and pregnant rate were significantly higher in pregnant group. However, the fertilization rates was comparable with both group. CONCLUSIONS: Lower fertilizing capacity could denote a poorer prognosis for establishing a pregnancy, even after satisfactory fertilization rate is achieved.

A Case of Male Infertility, who Induced Natural Pregnancy with Treatment using Hochu-ekki-to and Keishi-bukuryo-gan After In Vitro Fertilization Failure / 日本東洋医学雑誌

The authors report a case of primary male infertility with Grade I varicocele that responded well to Kampo therapy. The duration of infertility was 8 years. During that time, the authors tried AIH (artificial insemination with husband's semen) 26 times and HIT (hysteroscopic insemination into tube) twice, but both these measures failed. IVF-ET (in vitro fertilization-embryo transter) was then attempted twice. In the first attempt, the authors succeeded in fertilization and cleavage of one of ten extracted eggs, but implantation failed to occur. In the second trial, none of the five eggs extracted were successfully fertilized. The authors then prescribed a combination of Hochuekki-to and Keishibukuryo-gan. Three months later, natural pregnancy occurred that resulted in the birth of a healthy boy by natural delivery. Although the authors have sometimes seen cases of natural pregnancy after the failure of IVF-ET, none of such cases suffered from reduced fertility. Male infertility is frequently involved with cases of decreased fertility. In such cases, success is rarely achieved with ordinary IVF-ET. For this reason, the science of microscopic fertilization is developing rapidly. There is currently no remedy for low fertility. In this type of situation, Kampo may help to improve fertility.

Assessment of spermatozoal function.

Different procedures have been developed to assess the functions of spermatozoa in terms of their motility as well as their fertilizing potential. The procedures for assessment of motility are either qualitative or quantitative, subjective or objective, while the procedures for assessment of fertilizing potential are either direct or indirect. In this review, the information available on the procedures are compiled and analysed including the procedures for in vitro penetration of zona-free hamster eggs by human or non-human primate spermatozoa.

Biological and clinical research on male reproduction and fertility regulation.

Biological and clinical research on male reproduction and fertility regulation carried at the National Institute of Health and Family Welfare over the past 17 years has been highlighted in this review. Areas of research covered pertains to hormones in relation to sperm maturation and transport; fertilizing ability of spermatozoa under different experimental conditions; agents producing functional sterility; seasonal variations in primate reproduction; male infertility including semen biochemistry, differential diagnosis between obstructive and non-obstructive azoospermia and hormone therapy; vasectomy, reversible vasocclusion and vasanastomosis; and the use of cyproterone acetate and testosterone enanthate in male rhesus monkey and human volunteers for reversible contraception.