The theory of emphasizing both muscles and bones in the treatment of lumbar intervertebral disc herniation / 国际中医中药杂志

The theory of "equal stress on bones and muscles" emphasizes that "the tendons bind to the bones, the bones are stretched, the bones are connected, and the bones are fractured. The relationship between bone and soft tissues are important, which is the law of Traditional Chinese Medicine in the treatment of orthopedic diseases. For patients with lumbar disc herniation, the percutaneous intervertebral foraminal technology remodels the disordered internal biological balance of the spine under pathological conditions. Among them, two common clinical minimally invasive approaches under endoscopy are paid attention to soft tissue protection, and active and appropriate functional exercises after surgery, which have become a typical manifestation of the theory of "equal stress on bones and muscles" in modern spinal orthopedic surgery.

FIRST RECORD OF Brachymeria podagrica (HYMENOPTERA: CHALCIDIDAE) AS PARASITOID OF Peckia collusor (DIPTERA: SARCOPHAGIDAE) / Primer reporte de Brachymeria podagrica (HYMENOPTERA: CHALCIDIDAE) como parasitoide de Peckia collusor (DIPTERA: SARCOPHAGIDAE)

ABSTRACT In this work, the wasp Brachymeria podagrica is recorded for the first time for Colombia, a solitary parasitoid of larvae of the Peckia collusor fly. Third instar larvae of P. collusor were exposed to outdoor ambient conditions for 6 hours in the garden of the Tecnológico de Antioquia (Medellín, Colombia). 29 B. podagrica adults were obtained from the host pupae. Prevalence of parasitism was 14.5 %.

RESUMEN En este trabajo se reporta por primera vez a la avispa Brachymeria podagrica para Colombia y como parasitoide solitario de larvas de la mosca Peckia collusor. Los enemigos naturales fueron atraídos al exponer 200 larvas de P. collusor en tercer instar a condiciones ambientales naturales durante 6 horas el 16 de abril de 2015 en el jardín del Tecnológico de Antioquia (Medellín, Colombia). Como resultado, 29 adultos de B. Podagrica emergieron de las pupas. La prevalencia de parasitismo fue del 14,5 %.

Proximate and Nutritional Content of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Flesh Cultured in a Tropical Highland Area

Abstract The present study was performed to assess the proximate and nutrient content of rainbow trout flesh, cultured in the Doi Inthanon Fisheries Research Unit, Chiang Mai Inland Fisheries Research and Development Center, Thailand. 240 fish were randomly distributed across 12 cages with 20 fish cage-1. Sixteen individual fish from each cage were randomly collected at different ages of 10, 12 and 24 months. Body composition, pH, water-holding capacity, shear force, collagen content analysis, sensory, lipid oxidation, and fatty acids profile were evaluated. The results indicated that body composition and carcass length were significantly higher in fish aged 24 months, except for carcass and viscero-somatic index percentages (P ≤ 0.05). Fish at 24 months showed significantly higher pH, moisture, fat, shear force, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, and total collagen content values than fish at 10 and 12 months (P ≤ 0.05). However, protein percentage, sensory measurement and water-holding capacity were significantly higher in younger fish at 10 and 12 months. The average lipid content and n-6/n-3 ratios were significantly greater in fish at 12 months and in ventral fillets (P ≤ 0.05). However, polyunsaturated fatty acids: saturated fatty acid ratio was higher in fish at 24 months and in dorsal fillets. In conclusion, rainbow trout cultured in sub-tropical, montane conditions can be valuable sources of protein, unsaturated fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acids, and docosahexaenoic acids.

O pertencimento: em direção a uma fenomenologia da carne / Belonging: toward a phenomenology of the flesh / La pertenencia: en dirección a una fenomenología de la carne

O texto busca interrogar o verdadeiro sentido e alcance ontológico da experiência do corpo ou da carne, num movimento, inclusive, para além de Merleau-Ponty. Para tanto, trata-se de perguntar se esse sentido do ser do corpo, ao invés de uma solução, não indicaria um problema mal colocado haja vista que tal noção parece se limitar quanto à descrição do seu modo mesmo de existir. Ora, o que aqui advogamos é que essa experiência fundamental é a do pertencimento. É, pois, na medida em que pertencemos ao mundo que temos um corpo: ter um corpo não significa outra coisa mais do que pertencer. Nessa direção, propomos uma fenomenologia do pertencimento da qual só há aparição do mundo a partir de dentro dele, isto é, via uma inscrição nele próprio. Assim, a comunidade ontológica e a diferença fenomenológica constituem duas faces de uma mesma moeda, já que é por sermos do mundo num sentido mais profundo do que os demais entes que somos capazes de fazê-lo aparecer como nenhum ente o faz. Tal é o verdadeiro sentido de ser da carne: ela não é corpo nem consciência, mas uma posse (perceptiva) do mundo que é a contrapartida de uma desaposse (carnal) por esse mundo.

The text seeks to interrogate the true meaning and ontological scope of the experience of the body or the flesh, in a movement, even beyond Merleau-Ponty. For this, it is a matter of asking whether this sense of the being of the body, instead of a solution, would not indicate an ill-placed problem, since such a notion seems to be limited as to the description of its own mode of existence. Now, what we advocate here is that this fundamental experience is that of belonging. It is, therefore, insofar as we belong to the world that we have a body: to have a body means nothing else than to belong. In this direction, we propose a phenomenology of belonging, of which there is only the appearance of the world from within it, that is, via an inscription on it. Thus the ontological community and the phenomenological difference are two sides of the same coin, since it is because we are of the world in a deeper sense than the other entities that we are able to make it appear as no one does. Such is the true sense of being of the flesh: it is not body nor consciousness, but a possession (perceptive) of the world which is the counterpart of a (carnal) disappearance.

El texto busca interrogar el verdadero sentido y alcance ontológico de la experiencia del cuerpo o de la carne, en un movimiento, incluso, más allá de Merleau-Ponty. Para ello, se trata de preguntar si ese sentido del ser del cuerpo, en vez de una solución, no indicaría un problema mal planteado puesto que tal noción parece limitarse a la descripción de su modo de existir. Ahora bien, lo que aquí abogamos es que esa experiencia fundamental es la de la pertenencia. Es, pues, en la medida en que pertenecemos al mundo que tenemos un cuerpo: tener un cuerpo no significa otra cosa más que pertenecer. En esa dirección, proponemos una fenomenología de la pertenencia de la cual sólo hay aparición del mundo desde dentro de él, es decir, vía una inscripción en él mismo. Así, la comunidad ontológica y la diferencia fenomenológica constituyen dos caras de una misma moneda, ya que es por ser del mundo en un sentido más profundo que los demás entes que somos capaces de hacerlo aparecer como ningún ente lo hace. Tal es el verdadero sentido de ser de la carne: no es cuerpo ni conciencia, sino una posesión (perceptiva) del mundo que es la contrapartida de una decepción (carnal) por ese mundo.

Aspects of the reproductive behaviour and development of two forensically relevant species, Blaesoxipha (Gigantotheca) stallengi (Lahille, 1907) and Sarcophaga (Liopygia) ruficornis (Fabricius, 1794) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae)

Abstract We studied aspects of the reproductive behaviour and development of two species of Sarcophagidae (Diptera) of potential forensic importance, Blaesoxipha stallengi (Lahille, 1907) and Sarcophaga ruficornis (Fabricius, 1794), which are dominant in assemblages in dry forests in Northeastern Brazil. We described the behavioural acts associated with courtship and mating and estimated the development time (from egg/larva until adult) - of both species. Description of the reproductive behaviour was based on 50 couples of each species whereas 250 larvae were used for the estimation of the developmental time. A total of 55 successful copula were observed for B. stallengi and 142 for S. ruficornis. Pre-copulatory behaviour differed between the species, as S. ruficornis presented a high rate of competition among male specimens. Blaesoxipha stallengi copulated more frequently in the morning and the mean duration of copulation was similar for both species. The species showed different reproductive strategies: S. ruficornis follows the typical strategy in Sarcophagidae and are viviparous (larviparity), but we report here the first documented evidence of ovoviviparity of B. stallengi. Sex ratio of the emerged adults did not differ (p > 0.05) markedly for either species. Total development time in days was similar with 22.9 for B. stallengi and 21.3 for S. ruficornis. The pronounced similarities in the morphology of both species - combined with their similar time of development - may act as confounding factors for forensic entomologists and stress out the need for an accurate taxonomical identification.

Chemical constitutes from flesh of Trichosanthes kirilowii / 中草药

Objective: To investigate the chemical constituents from the flesh of Trichosanthes kirilowii. Methods: The chemical constituents from n-butanol fraction of 95% ethanol extract of the flesh of T. kirilowii were separated by silica gel and ODS chromatogram columns as well as preparative HPLC. On the basis of NMR and MS data analysis, their structures were elucidated. Results: Twenty-six compounds were isolated from 95% ethanol extract of T. kirilowii, of which six organic esters were ethyl laurate (1), dibutyl phthalate (2), diethyl ethaneioate (3), dibutyl-2-malate (4), 6,10,14,18-tetramethyl-2-ethyl-7-ene-3-hydroxyl-ninecanol- 1-butyl ester (5), drechslerol-B (6), nine organic acids and phenolic acids were p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (7), salicylic acid (8), vanillic acid (9), isovanillic acid (10), protocatechuate (11), trans-cinnamic acid (12), p-hydroxycinnamic acid (13), trans-ferulic acid (14), and lauric acid (15), eight flavonoids were diosmetin (16), apigenin (17), chrysoeriol (18), luteolin (19), 4’-hydroxyscutellarin (20), quercetin (21), diosmetin-7-O-β-D-glucoside (22), chrysoeriol-7-O-β-D-glucoside (23), two aldehydes were 5-acetoxymethyl- 2-furaldehyde (24), 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (25) and one cycloaltinol compounds was cyclotucanol 3-palmitate (26). Conclusion: All compounds except compound 10 are isolated from the Trichosanthes genus for the first time.

A new species of Sarcofahrtiopsis (Insecta, Diptera, Sarcophagidae) from mangrove forests in the Brazilian Amazon, with a key to species identification / Uma nova espécie de Sarcofahrtiopsis (Insecta, Diptera, Sarcophagidae) de florestas de mangue na Amazônia brasileira, com uma chave de identificação

ABSTRACT A new species of Sarcofahrtiopsis Hall, 1933, S. terezinhae sp. nov., is described based on male specimens collected in traps baited with rotting crabs in a mangrove forest in the state of Pará, eastern Brazilian Amazon. This species differs from congeneric species in having vesica with a row of toe-like projections. We provide a key to the species of the genus.

RESUMO Uma nova espécie de Sarcofahrtiopsis Hall, 1933, S. terezinhae sp. nov., é descrita com base em espécimes machos coletados com armadilhas contendo caranguejo em decomposição como isca em áreas de mangue no Pará, na Amazônia brasileira. Esta espécie difere das demais espécies do gênero por apresentar vesica com uma fileira de projeções parecidas com dedos. Uma chave para as espécies do gênero é apresentada.

A new species and new records of Oxysarcodexia Townsend (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) from Brazil

Abstract Oxysarcodexia cocais sp. nov. from Brazil is described and illustrated based on male specimens collected in a babassu palm forest in the state of Maranhão. The remarkable elongated surstylus (as long as cercus) and U-shaped male sternite 5 distinguishes the new species from other species in the genus. In addition, Oxysarcodexia nitidaSoares & Mello-Patiu, 2010 is recorded for the first time from Brazil, and Oxysarcodexia adunca Lopes, 1975 is a new record from the Brazilian Amazon.

Can Sarcophagidae (Diptera) be the most important entomological evidence at a death scene? Microcerella halli as a forensic indicator

Abstract Although a corpse can harbor several species of flies, only a few have been sufficiently studied to be used as forensic indicators. Sarcophagidae are an example of how the forensic use of insects can be impaired by taxonomic and biological data limitation. This manuscript provides the first record of the Neotropical flesh fly Microcerella halli (Engel, 1931) on a human body and its use in forensics. M. halli and Sarconesia chlorogaster (Widemann, 1830) were sampled from a body located indoors at 20 °C. Only M. halli was used to estimate the mPMI (minimum post mortem interval) because it was the oldest larval stage on the corpse. Based on the development time of M. halli we estimate an mPMI of at least 10 days. In addition, we provide for the first time a case in which a flesh fly was the main source of entomological evidence in Southern Brazil. We also provide evidence that Sarcophagidae arrived before Calliphoridae in this case, an unusual successional pattern.

Psicanálise, carne e estigmas / Psychoanalysis, flesh and stigmas

O estudo aborda as incidências, na psicanálise, do clássico debate acerca da descontinuidade da experiência subjetiva, fragmentada em duas modalidades, uma relativa à concretude orgânica e outra à virtualidade simbólica. Inicialmente, são apresentadas algumas concepções filosóficas e teológicas relacionadas à ideia de carne. Os elementos comuns organizam-se segundo três vertentes: transição, plasticidade e li-mite. Essas vertentes possibilitam uma aproximação às incidências clínicas mais ilustrativas da complexa interface entre o sujeito e o seu corpo. Nesses casos, o gozo fixa-se em um emblema inscrito no corpo, que é tomado como referência mimética para sustentar a própria existência, como sugerem alguns eventos no corpo, dentre os quais, os estigmas de alguns místicos.

The study addresses the impact, in psychoanalysis, of the classic debate about the discontinuance of subjective experience, fragmented into two modes, one on organic concreteness and another, on the symbolic virtuality. At first, some philosophical and theological concepts related to the idea of the flesh are introduced. The common elements are organized in three areas: transition, plasticity and limit. These aspects provide an approach to more illustrative clinical implications of the complex interface between the individual and his body. In such cases, the enjoyment is attached to a registered emblem in the body, which is taken as mimetic reference to sustain its own existence, as suggested by some events in the body, among them, the stigmas of some mystics.

Bionomy of two flies of sanitary and forensic importance: Peckia (Sarcodexia) lambens (Wiedemann) and Oxysarcodexia amorosa (Schiner) (Diptera, Sarcophagidae)

ABSTRACTThis study aims to elucidate the bionomy of Peckia(Sarcodexia) lambens and Oxysarcodexia amorosa to provide data for medical, veterinary and forensic entomology analyses. We analyzed larval stage duration (L1–L3), weight of the mature larvae (L3), pupal stage duration, L1–adult duration, adult emergence and viability of larvae and adults of both species. Larval viability of P. (S.) lambens was 82% and the mean duration of the larval stage was 3.51 ± 0.99 days. The mature larvae had a mean weight of 33.67 ± 7.13 mg. The mean duration of the pupal stage was 8.26 ± 0.93 days and the mean duration of the L1–adult was 11.53 ± 1.22 days. Mean lifespan for females and males was 39.33 ± 1.52 and 57.33 ± 4.72 days, respectively. Larval viability of O. amorosa was 76% and mean duration of larval stage was 3.51 ± 0.64 days. Mature larvae had a mean weight of 28.28 ± 3.38 mg. Mean duration of the pupal stage was 10.14 ± 0.63 days and mean duration of the L1–adult was 13.60 ± 0.69 days. Mean lifespan for females and males was 83.66 ± 15.94 and 84.00 ± 19.97 days, respectively. Oxysarcodexia amorosa showed a L1–adult stage longer than P. (S.) lambens; however both species showed low viability. O. amorosa laid more larvae than P. (S.) lambens, this fact may occur because O. amorosa had longer life duration.

A "carne" (chair) como referência ontológica da "mãe suficientemente boa": aproximando Merleau-Ponty e Winnicott / The "flesh" (chair) as ontological reference for "good enough mother": in order to approach Merleau-Ponty and Winnicott

O artigo pretende desenvolver o argumento de que a noção de carne (chair, em francês) - que constitui o conceito mor da ontologia selvagem de Maurice Merleau-Ponty - pode funcionar como uma referência ontológica para a noção winnicottiana de mãe suficientemente boa. Para tanto, numa primeira parte descreve-se a noção de carne; em seguida, a noção de mãe suficientemente boa para, por fim, articular os dois níveis de teorização: o ontológico e o ôntico, numa relação em que um nível referenda o outro, discriminando, nesse mesmo processo, o espelho materno winnicottiano do lacaniano (já que este último implica, necessariamente, uma alienação do bebê no desejo da mãe).

This article intends to develop the argument that the notion of flesh (chair, in French) - which constitutes the principal concept of Merleau-Ponty's savage ontology - can work as an ontological reference for Winnicott's notion of good enough mother. For this purpose, it describes the notion of flesh; then, the notion of good enough mother, to finally articulate both levels of theorization: the ontological and the ontic ones, in a relation of mutual reference. At the same time, it discriminates Winnicott's conception of maternal mirror from Lacan's one (since this one implies, necessarily, an alienation of the baby in the mother's desire).

Sarchophagid flies (Insecta, Diptera) from pig carcasses in Minas Gerais, Brazil, with nine new records from the Cerrado, a threatened Neotropical biome

Sarchophagid flies (Insecta, Diptera) from pig carcasses in Minas Gerais, Brazil, with nine new records from the Cerrado, a threatened Neotropical biome. The diversity of the Sarcophagidae fauna of the Cerrado biome, also know as the Brazilian Savanna, is still underestimated. In this research we collected flies in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, during a Forensic Entomology experiment. Samples were collected throughout the decomposition process of domestic pig (Sus scrofa Linnaeus) carcasses, and the experiments were conducted in areas of pasture and semideciduous forest. A total of 85,694 adult flesh flies belonging to 57 species were collected from all carcasses. New records for nine species of Sarcophaginae are provided, including the first record of Blaesoxipha (Acridiophaga) caridei (Brèthes, 1906) to Brazil, and new occurrences of the following species for the Cerrado and/or for the state of Minas Gerais: Blaesoxipha (Acanthodotheca) acridiophagoides (Lopes & Downs, 1951), Malacophagomyia filamenta (Dodge, 1964), Nephochaetopteryx orbitalis (Curran & Walley, 1934), Nephochaetopteryx cyaneiventris Lopes, 1936, Nephochaetopteryx pallidiventris Townsend, 1934, Oxysarcodexia occulta Lopes, 1946, Ravinia effrenata (Walker, 1861) and Sarcophaga (Neobellieria) polistensis (Hall, 1933).

Aplicação do 1-metilciclopropeno e sua influência no processo de remoção da adstringência com etanol em caqui 'Giombo' refrigerado / Application of 1-methylcyclopropene and its influence in the process of astringency removal of 'Giombo' persimmon by using ethanol

Este trabalho tem como objetivo verificar a possibilidade de aplicação de vapor de etanol para a destanização, associado ao 1-metilciclopropeno (1-MCP) para prolongar o armazenamento de caquis 'Giombo' em ambiente refrigerado, evitando rápido amolecimento de polpa, decorrente do processo de destanização. Os seguintes tratamentos foram realizados: T1) controle: frutos sem tratamento, apenas colocados sob armazenamento refrigerado (AR); T2) aplicação de etanol (3,50mL kg-1 durante 12h) + AR; T3) aplicação de 1-MCP (1000nL L-1 durante 12h) + AR; T4) aplicação de 1-MCP e posterior aplicação de etanol + AR; T5) aplicação de 1-MCP + AR + aplicação de etanol após o AR. O AR consistiu no armazenamento dos frutos por 30 dias a 5ºC e 90% UR. Posteriormente, os frutos foram mantidos a 25oC durante 15 dias. Frutos não tratados (controle) e os tratados com 1-MCP apresentaram maior firmeza de polpa que os demais tratamentos, mas não alcançaram a destanização. Frutos submetidos ao etanol apresentaram rápida perda de adstringência, acompanhado de elevada perda de firmeza. O 1-MCP, quando aplicado antes do armazenamento, em frutos que posteriormente à refrigeração foram tratados com etanol, manteve mais alta a firmeza de polpa em relação aos frutos que foram submetidos ao etanol imediatamente à aplicação do 1-MCP e aqueles tratados apenas com etanol. Esse tratamento pode ser utilizado nessa cultivar para manter a qualidade durante a comercialização.

This study is carried out with the objective to verify the ethanol vapor application possibility for astringency removal, associated with 1-methylcylopropene (1-MCP) to increase 'Giombo' persimmons shelf life under cold storage, avoiding quick flesh softening by astringency removal process. The following treatments were performed: T1) control: fruit without treatment, only cold stored (CS); T2) application of ethanol (3.50mL kg-1 for 12 hours) + CS; T3) application of 1-MCP (1000nL L-1 for 12 hours) + CS; T4) application of 1-MCP and later application of ethanol + CS; T5) application of 1-MCP + CS + application of ethanol after cold storage. Fruit were cold stored (CS) for 30 days at 5°C and 90% RH. After CS, fruit were exposure to 25oC during 15 days. The untreated fruits (control) and the ones treated with 1-MCP showed higher flesh firmness than the rest of the treatments, but did not reach detannization. Fruit treated with ethanol showed fast loss of astringency and firmness. The 1-MCP, when applied before CS, to fruits which after CS were treated to ethanol, kept higher flesh firmness as compared to the fruits which were treated with ethanol immediately after the application of 1-MCP and those treated only with ethanol. This treatment might be used in Giombo persimmon in order to maintain the fruit quality during marketing.

Synanthropy of Sarcophagidae (Diptera) in La Pintada, Antioquia-Colombia / Sinantropía de Sarcophagidae (Diptera) en La Pintada, Antioquia-Colombia

Recently, populations of flies have increased in numbers given the elevated levels of organic matter waste produced by anthropic activities and domestication of animals. Such increase represents a worldwide health concern, since flies can be vectors of human diseases. The great variety of feeding and developmental habits of flies of the family Sarcophagidae taking place on animal corpses, feces and decomposed organic matter make them potential vectors of pathogens. Herein, we evaluated the synanthropic index (SI), as well as other ecological aspects of this family, through simultaneous monthly samplings in three areas with different degrees of human disturbance (urban, rural and forest). Each area had four van Someren Rydon traps, each one with a different bait (i.e., human feces, chicken viscera, fish and decomposing onion). Traps were active during 48 hours each month, and specimen collection was made every 12 hours. A total of 7 446 Sarcophagidae individuals were collected (1 275 males and 6 171 females), belonging to 27 species and nine genera. Tricharaea (Sarcophagula) canuta (SI=+96.67), Oxysarcodexia taitensis (SI=+93.85), Peckia (Peckia) chrysostoma (SI=+90.00) and Tricharaea (Sarcophagula) occidua (SI=+88.76) exhibited the highest values of synanthropy index, revealing a strong preference for human settlements. The most abundant species were Oxysarcodexia conclausa (21.80%), Ravinia effrenata (18.67%), Oxysarcodexia bakeri (11.45%) and Oxysarcodexia taitensis (10.20%), all of which exhibited preference for urban environments. Additionally, we are reporting seven new records of Sarcophagid flies for Colombia: Oxysarcodexia angrensis, Oxysarcodexia bakeri, Oxysarcodexia diana, Oxysarcodexia similata, Oxysarcodexia timida, Peckia (Peckia) pexata and Titanogrypa (Cucullomyia) placida.

La población de moscas se ha visto incrementada recientemente por la proliferación de residuos de materia orgánica proveniente de la actividad antrópica, así como por la domesticación de animales. Este aumento constituye una gran alerta de salud a nivel mundial, ya que algunas moscas son vectores de enfermedades al humano. Los Sarcophagidae cuentan con una gran variedad de hábitos de alimentación y desarrollo, los cuales tienen lugar en cadáveres de animales, excrementos y materia orgánica en descomposición; haciéndolos posibles vectores de patógenos. En este estudio se evaluó el índice de sinantropía, al igual que otros aspectos ecológicos de esta familia median- te muestreos mensuales simultáneos en tres zonas (urbana, rural y bosque), usando trampas van Someren Rydon ceba- das con excremento humano, vísceras de pollo, pescado y cebolla en descomposición. En cada zona se instalaron cuatro trampas (una por atrayente), durante 48 horas cada mes, realizando recolectas cada 12 horas. Se recolectaron 7 446 individuos de Sarcophagidae (1 275 machos y 6 171 hembras), de 27 especies y nueve géneros. Tricharaea (Sarcophagula) canuta (+96.67), Oxysarcodexia taitensis (+93.85), Peckia (Peckia) chrysostoma (+90.00) y Tricharaea (Sarcophagula) occidua (+88.76) presentaron los índices de sinantropía más altos del estudio, lo que refleja una fuerte preferencia por asentamientos humanos. Las especies más abundantes fueron: Oxysarcodexia conclausa (21.80%), Ravinia effrenata (18.67%), Oxysarcodexia bakeri (11.45%) y Oxysarcodexia taitensis (10.20%), todas exhibiendo preferencia por ambientes urbanizados. Se reportan siete nuevos registros para Colombia: Oxysarcodexia angrensis, Oxysarcodexia bakeri, Oxysarcodexia diana, Oxysarcodexia similata, Oxysarcodexia timida, Peckia (Peckia) pexata y Titanogrypa (Cucullomyia) placida.

Description of the male of Lepidodexia (Xylocamptopsis) teffeensis (Townsend) (Diptera, Sarcophagidae)

Description of the male of Lepidodexia (Xylocamptopsis) teffeensis (Townsend) (Diptera, Sarcophagidae). The male of Lepidodexia (Xylocamptopsis) teffeensis (Townsend, 1927) is described and illustrated for the first time based on material housed in the entomological collection of Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro (MNRJ). This monotypic subgenus has been recorded in the Brazilian Amazon Rainforest, first in the state of Amazonas and now in the state of Pará. The general structure of the male terminalia is similar that of other Lepidodexia, especially of the subgenus Lepidodexia, by the short distiphallus, juxta with apical projection, and vesica with a membranous spinous lobe.

Descrição do macho de Lepidodexia (Xylocamptopsis) teffeensis (Townsend, 1927) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). O macho de Lepidodexia (Xylocamptopsis) teffeensis é descrito e ilustrado pela primeira vez, com base em material depositado na coleção entomológica do Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro (MNRJ). Esse subgênero monotípico tem sido registrado na Floresta Amazônica brasileira, primeiramente no estado do Amazonas e agora no Pará. A estrutura geral da terminália masculina é similar a de outras espécies de Lepidodexia, especialmente do subgênero Lepidodexia, pelo distifalo curto, juxta com projeção apical e vesica com lobo membranoso e espinhoso.

Necrophagous species of Diptera and Coleoptera in northeastern Brazil: state of the art and challenges for the Forensic Entomologist / Espécies necrófagas de Diptera e Coleoptera na Região Nordeste do Brasil: estado da arte e desafios para o Entomologista Forense

Inventories on necrophagous insects carried out in Brazil encompass mostly species from the southeastern and central-western regions of the country. This review aims to produce the first checklist of necrophagous Diptera and Coleoptera species of forensic relevance in northeastern Brazil, an area that concentrates high rates of homicides. We performed a literature survey on scientific articles, theses and dissertations regarding necrophagous insect species in the region, and contacted scientists who develop research on forensic entomology. Fifty-two species of Diptera belonging to eight families with previous record of necrophagy were reported in the region: Sarcophagidae, Calliphoridae, Muscidae, Fanniidae, Piophilidae, Phoridae, Anthomyiidae and Stratiomyidae. Coleopteran species from six families of forensic relevance were registered, although taxonomical identification remained superficial. Bait traps were the most frequent methodology used, followed by collection on animal carcasses. Seven Dipteran species from two families were registered on human cadavers. All species had been previously reported in other Brazilian states and/or other countries, although none has been effectively used in legal procedures in the region. The status of research on forensic entomology in northeastern Brazil is incipient, and the checklist produced here contributes to the knowledge on the local diversity of necrophagous insects.

Inventários de insetos necrófagos no Brasil abordam em sua maioria espécies das regiões Sudeste e Centro-Oeste do país. Esta revisão visa apresentar um checklist de espécies necrófagas de Diptera e Coleoptera de importância forense no Nordeste brasileiro, uma área que concentra elevadas taxas de homicídio. Nós conduzimos uma revisão bibliográfica consultando artigos, teses e dissertações sobre espécies necrófagas na região, e contatamos cientistas que desenvolvem pesquisa em entomologia forense. Cinquenta e duas espécies de Diptera pertencentes a oito famílias com registro prévio de necrofagia foram registrados na região: Sarcophagidae, Calliphoridae, Muscidae, Fanniidae, Piophilidae, Phoridae, Anthomyiidae e Stratiomyidae. Espécies de Coleoptera de seis famílias de importância forense foram listadas, embora a identificação taxonômica tenha sido superficial. Armadilhas contendo iscas foram o método de coleta mais frequente, seguidas de coleta sobre carcaças animais. Sete espécies de Diptera pertencentes a duas famílias foram registradas sobre cadáveres humanos. Todas as espécies haviam sido previamente registradas em outros estados brasileiros e/ou em outros países, embora nenhuma tenha sido efetivamente utilizada em procedimentos legais na região. O status da pesquisa em entomologia forense no Nordeste do Brasil é incipiente, e o checklist apresentado neste trabalho contribui para sistematizar o conhecimento sobre a diversidade local de insetos necrófagos.

A ontologia da carne em Merleau-Ponty e a situação clínica na Gestalt-terapia: entrelaçamentos / The ontology of the flesh in Merleau-Ponty and clinical situation in the perspective of Gestalt-therapy / La ontología de la carne en Merleau-Ponty y la situación psicoterápica desde la perspectiva de la terapia Gestalt

Neste trabalho discutimos a clínica da Gestalt-Terapia como campo de experiência, buscando ampliar sua compreensão por meio do diálogo com Merleau-Ponty. Nosso ponto central é a experiência no mundo com o outro e o lugar dessa experiência no processo de significação da existência. Sublinhando na Gestalt-Terapia: a) as noções de campo organismo-ambiente e fronteira de contato como concepções descritivas da experiência no mundo, um processo de desdobramento temporal que envolve diferença e criação de sentidos; b) a proposta metodológica de que a psicoterapia deve buscar concentrar-se na situação, na estrutura da experiência aqui e agora; c) a consideração da psicoterapia como uma situação que envolve eu e outro em diálogo. Considerando que Merleau-Ponty comunga com a Gestalt-Terapia raízes e influências e que faz um retorno ao mundo e à experiência na busca do sentido, buscamos fazer aproximações com seus últimos escritos, quando propõe uma ontologia da carne e pensa a experiência como fissão, diferença e reversibilidade, introduzindo com a noção de intercorporeidade a possibilidade de "sentir com", ou seja, encontrar o outro não no espaço objetivo, da reflexão, mas no campo do irrefletido e da experiência em estado bruto

In this work we discuss Gestalt therapy clinical practice as a field of experience, seeking to broaden its understanding through dialogue with Merleau-Ponty. Our focal point is experience with the other in the world and the place of experience in the process of signification of existence. Underlining in Gestalt-Therapy: a) the notions of environment-organism field and contact boundary as descriptive conception of the human experience, an unfolding temporal process that involves difference and meaning-making; b) Its methodological proposal that psychotherapy should seek to focus on the situation, ie, the structure of experience here and now; c) The consideration of psychotherapy as a situation involving self and other in dialogue. Considering that Merleau-Ponty shares with Gestalt Therapy roots and influences and both propose a return to the world and experience in the search for meaning, we seek to make comparisons with his late thought, when he proposes an ontology of the flesh and thinks experience as fission, difference and reversibility, to introduce by the notion of intercorporeality, the possibility of "feeling with", ie, find the other not in the objective space of reflection, but in the realm of thoughtless

Hablamos de la atención clínica de la terapia Gestalt como un campo de experiéncia, tratando de ampliar su comprensión mediante el diálogo con Merleau-Ponty. Nuestro punto central es la experiencia con otros en el mundo y el lugar de la experiencia en el proceso de significación de la existencia. Destacando en la terapia gestalt: a) las nociones de campo organismo-entorno y el frontera-contacto como concepción descriptiva de La experiencia en el mundo, un proceso de desarrollo temporale que implica la diferencia y la producion de significado; b) la metodología propuesta que la psicoterapia debe tratar de centrarse en la situación, la estructura de la experiencia aquí y ahora; c) la consideración de la psicoterapia como una situación de diálogo entre yo y el otro. Teniendo en cuenta que Merleau-Ponty comparte con las raíces de la Terapia Gestalt e influencias y ofrece regreso al mundo y la experiencia en la búsqueda de sentido, tratamos de hacer comparaciones con sus últimos escritos, cuando el filósofo propone una ontología de la carne y piensa en la experiencia como fisión, diferencia y reversibilidad. Ali introduce la posibilidad de "sentir con" a través de la noción de intercorporeidad , es decir, encontrar el otro en el espacio oscuro de la irreflexión

Diversity of Calliphoridae and Sarcophagidae (Diptera, Oestroidea) in continuous forest and gaps at different stages of regeneration in the Urucu oilfield in western Brazilian Amazonia

Diversity of Calliphoridae and Sarcophagidae (Diptera, Oestroidea) in continuous forest and gaps at different stages of regeneration in the Urucu oilfield in western Brazilian Amazonia. The diversity of Calliphoridae and Sarcophagidae in continuous forest and gaps at different stages of regeneration was studied in the Urucu river basin, in Coari, state of Amazonas, Brazil. The flies were collected at 16 sampling points, 12 in gaps at different stages of regeneration (early _ C1, mid- C2 and late successional _ C3) and four in continuous forest _ MT. The diversity of blowflies was similar in the two less regenerated habitats (C1 and C2), and lower than that in the late successional (C3) and continuous forests (MT). By contrast, the diversity of flesh flies was much higher in all three types of gaps (C1, C2 and C3) in comparison with continuous forest (MT). Ordination (NMDS) and similarity (ANOSIM) analyses revealed that the blowflies communities were grouped by habitat type, which affected species composition more than diversity. Analysis of the flesh flies revealed two main groupings, gaps (C1, C2 and C3) and continuous forest (MT), with no evidence of any influence of successional stage on the diversity of the community.

Diversidade de Calliphoridae e Sarcophagidae (Diptera, Oestroidea) em florestas contínuas e clareiras com diferentes estágios de regeneração no campo petrolífero Urucu no oeste da Amazônia brasileira. A diversidade de Calliphoridae e Sarcophagidae em florestas contínuas e clareiras com diferentes estágios de regeneração foi avaliada na bacia do Rio Urucu, Coari, Estado do Amazonas, Brasil. As moscas foram coletadas em 16 áreas amostrais, 12 de clareira, em diferentes estágios de regeneração (pouco recuperadas _ C1, semi-recuperadas _ C2, bem recuperadas _ C3) e quatro em floresta contínua _ MT). A diversidade de Calliphoridae foi similar nos dois habitats menos recuperados (C1 e C2), sendo menores do que as dos habitats de clareiras bem recuperadas (C3) e florestas contínuas (MT). Entretanto, a diversidade de Sarcophagidae foi muito maior nos três tipos de clareiras (C1, C2 e C3) quando comparada com a floresta contínua (MT). As análises de ordenação (NMDS) e de similaridade (ANOSIM) demonstraram que as comunidades de Calliphoridae foram agrupadas conforme os quatro tipos de ambientes, e que a composição de espécies foi mais afetada do que a diversidade. A análise de Sarcophagidae revelou a formação de dois grupos, clareiras (C1, C2 e C3) e florestas contínuas (MT), sem evidência de qualquer influencia dos estágios de recuperação das clareiras sobre a diversidade da comunidade.

Pictorial identification key for species of Sarcophagidae (Diptera) of potential forensic importance in southern Brazil

Pictorial identification key for species of Sarcophagidae (Diptera) of potential forensic importance in southern Brazil. Species of the subfamily Sarcophaginae are important to forensic entomology due to their necrophagous habits. This contribution presents a pictorial key for the identification of 22 Sarcophaginae species in 10 genera that are commonly found in southern Brazil. Photographs of the main structures used in species identification, mainly from the male terminalia, are provided.

Chave pictórica para a identificação das espécies de Sarcophagidae (Diptera) de potencial importância forense do sul do Brasil. Espécies da subfamília Sarcophaginae são importantes para a entomologia forense devido ao seu hábito necrófago. Este trabalho apresenta uma chave pictórica para a identificação de 22 espécies de Sarcophaginae de 10 gêneros encontradas na região sul do Brasil. São fornecidas fotografias dos principais estruturas das espécies, principalmente da terminália masculina.