Fish fauna of Floresta Nacional de Ipanema, Sao Paulo State, Brazil

The Floresta Nacional de Ipanema is located on the southeast of the state of São Paulo, Brazil, and belongs to the cities of Araçoiaba da Serra, Iperó and Capela do Alto. It extends over an area of 5,069 ha surrounded by several streams, small lakes, the Ipanema river and the Hedberg dam. The fish species in this area were sampled between 1993 and 2012 in several isolated studies, with the use of gill nets and sieves. Fifty species of fish were registered, 43 native and 7 non-native (Cyprinus carpio, Piaractus mesopotamicus, Brycon cephalus, Triportheus nematurus, Clarias gariepinus, Tilapia rendalli and Poecilia vivipara), distributed in seven Orders, 21 Families and 41 Genera. The present study aimed at cataloguing the fish species in the Ipanema National Forest. Handling and preservation actions will be based on the information obtained.

A Floresta Nacional de Ipanema está localizada no sudoeste do estado de São Paulo, Brasil e pertence às cidades de Araçoiaba da Serra, Iperó e Capela do Alto. Estende-se por uma área de 5, 069 ha, onde ocorrem diversos riachos, pequenos lagos, o rio Ipanema e a represa de Hedberg. As espécies de peixes dessa unidade de conservação foram amostradas entre 1993 e 2012 em vários estudos realizados, com o uso de redes de espera e peneiras. Foram registradas 50 espécies de peixes, 43 nativas e 7 não-nativas (Cyprinus carpio, Piaractus mesopotamicus, Brycon cephalus, Triportheus nematurus, Clarias gariepinus, Tilapia rendalli e Poecilia vivipara), distribuídas em sete ordens, 21 famílias e 41 gêneros. O estudo teve como objetivo catalogar as espécies de peixes da Floresta Nacional de Ipanema. Ações de manejo e preservação deverão ser baseadas nas informações obtidas.

Dietary breadth of the animal protein consumed by riverine communities in the Tapajós National Forest, Brazil

In small-scale human settlements, the acquisition of animal protein is strictly related to subsistence activities, and yours dietary habits are determined by the availability and the selectivity permitted by the diversity of these resources. This study analyzed the consumption of animal protein sources in seven traditional riverine communities of the Tapajos National Forest, located in Eastern Brazilian Amazonia, considering fish, game meat and domestic animals. The analysis of animal protein consumption was based on the assumptions of the diet breadth model and the Optimal Foraging Theory. We compared diet breadths between communities and between rainy and dry seasons. The study focused on seven traditional riverside communities, six of them distributed along the right bank of the Tapajos River and one on the right bank of the Cupari River. Data collection was performed in four fields trips, two in the rainy season (May and July) and two in the dry season (September and November) in 2010. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews where the informant mentioned the source of animal protein consumed in the last three meals and which would be consumed at the next meal, if possible. We carried out a total of 470 interviews, where we documented 1 512 meals, and in only 12% of the meals there was no consumption of any animal protein source. The fish was consumed in 60.4% of the meals, being the most important source of animal protein consumed, differing significantly from other protein sources (χ²=23.79, df=5, p<0.001). A total of 11 species of wild animals and 46 species of fish were consumed. The choice in the consumption of game meat consisted on Tayassu pecari, Hydrochoerus hidrochaeris and Cuniculus paca, while the preference for fish consumption included Plagioscion spp., Astronotus spp., Cichla spp. and Leporinus spp.. The Simpson index did not vary significantly between the rainy and dry season (N=6, t=1.25, p=0.267) or between communities (N=6, t=5, p=0.42), although São Francisco das Chagas have significantly higher consumption of game meat (χ²=370.41, df=25, p<0.001). Fishing is an activity of paramount importance to these communities, and factors that lead to decreased availability of fish may lead to subsequent increase in hunting pressure. For the conservation of preserve of both wildlife natural resources and practices of subsistence of riverine communities of the Tapajós National Forest, it is necessary to ensure the maintenance of fish stocks and the protection of the Tapajós River areas large enough to maintain viable populations of wild animals and more tolerant to hunting and habitat loss.

En pequeños asentamientos rurales, la adquisición de proteína animal está estrechamente relacionada con actividades de subsistencia, y su hábitos alimentares son determinados por la disponibilidad y diversidad de estos recursos. Este estudio examinó el consumo de pescado, caza y animales domésticos en siete comunidades tradicionales ribereñas de la Floresta Nacional do Tapajós, ubicadas en la Amazonia oriental Brasileña. La análisis se basa en los supuestos de modelos de la amplitud de la dieta y la teoría de forrajeo óptimo, se comparó la amplitud de dieta en siete comunidades ribereñas en periodo seco y lluvioso. La recolección de datos se realizó en cuatro viajes, dos en la temporada de lluvias y dos en la estación seca en el 2010, mediante entrevistas semi-estructuradas. El pescado fue consumido en el 60.4% de las comidas, siendo la fuente de proteína animal más consumida. Un total de 11 especies de animales silvestres y 46 especies de pescado fueron documentadas y la preferencia en el consumo cayó sobre T. pecari, C. paca y Hydrochoerus hidrochaeris y la preferencia por el consumo de pescado cayó sobre Plagioscion spp. Astronotus spp., Cichla spp. y Leporinus spp.

Borboletas (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea e Hesperioidea) ocorrentes em diferentes ambientes na Floresta Ombrófila Mista e nos Campos de Cima da Serra do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil / Occurrence of butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea) in different habitats at the Araucaria Moist Forest and the Grasslands in the Basaltic Highlands in Southern Brazil

Com o intuito de contribuir para o conhecimento das borboletas da Floresta Ombrófila Mista e Campos de Cima da Serra do Rio Grande do Sul foi elaborada uma listagem de espécies da assembléia de borboletas da Floresta Nacional de São Francisco de Paula e entorno. Foram realizadas saídas bimestrais de março de 2006 a maio de 2008 sendo selecionados seis ambientes: (i) mata nativa de Araucaria angustifolia, (ii) mata nativa mesclada com reflorestamento de Araucaria angustifolia, (iii) reflorestamento de Araucaria angustifolia de mata aberta, (iv) reflorestamento de Araucaria angustifolia de mata fechada, (v) reflorestamento de Pinus e (vi) campo de altitude nativo. Após 674 horas-rede de amostragem foram registradas 277 espécies e subespécies de borboletas, distribuídas em 9661 indivíduos, pertencentes a seis famílias, sendo destas 139 novos registros para esta região dos Campos de Cima da Serra, 13 novas ocorrências para o estado e seis espécies raras ou indicadoras de ambiente preservado.

Aiming to contribute to the knowledge of Araucaria Moist Forest butterflies in Rio Grande do Sul, a butterfly species list of the São Francisco National Forest and surroundings was compiled. Field expeditions were carried out bimonthly between March 2006 to May 2008 in six types of environments: (i) Araucaria angustifolia native forest, (ii) native forest mixed with Araucaria angustifolia plantation, (iii) Araucaria angustifolia plantation in open forest, (iv) Araucaria angustifolia plantation in closed forest, (v) Pinus plantation and (vi) grasslands in the basaltic highlands. After 674 net-hours of sampling effort 277 species and subspecies distributed in 9661 individuals, belonging to six families of butterflies were registered. One hundred thirty-nine species are new records for this region of Atlantic Forest and 13 species are new registers for Rio Grande do Sul State. Six species are rare and/or healthy environment indicators.

Ocorrência de Atelocynus microtis (Sclater, 1882) na Floresta Nacional do Jamari, estado de Rondônia / Occurrence of Atelocynus microtis (Sclater, 1882) in the Jamari National Forest, Rondonia state

O cachorro-de-orelhas-curtas Atelocynus microtis é uma das espécies mais raras de Canídeos Sul-americanos. Os relatos são muito raros e a inexistência de animais cativos também sugere distribuição limitada e densidades baixas. No período de 16 de agosto a 12 de outubro de 2006, foi realizado um monitoramento fotográfico na Floresta Nacional do Jamari, que é uma Unidade de Conservação de Uso Sustentável e possui plano de manejo com seu zoneamento ambiental definido. Os registros fotográficos de Atelocynus microtis foram obtidos nas regiões centro-oeste e noroeste da unidade, áreas formadas por Floresta Ombrófila Densa, com pontos de Floresta Ombrófila Aberta. As áreas onde foram capturadas as imagens fotográficas de Atelocynus microtis, estão em Zona de Manejo Florestal e em Zona de Mineração, por enquanto sem exploração. A partir destes fatos, a sugestão seria que o zoneamento ambiental desta Unidade de Conservação levasse em consideração este achado e fosse alterado para que a espécie fosse mais bem estudada na região antes da exploração das áreas. Como estudos relacionados a esta espécie são praticamente inexistentes, esta nota se torna importante, contribuindo com dados sobre a ecologia do A. microtis.

The Short-eared dog Atelocynus microtis is one of the most rare species of South America Canids. It is rarely reported in inventories or faunal surveys and the absence of captive animals also suggest a restrict distribution and low densities. Between August 16th 2006 and October 12th 2006, a photographic monitoring using camera traps (infrared-triggered), was carried out at the Jamari National Forest. This is a sustainable use conservation unity and has a management plan with its defined environmental zones. The Atelocynus microtis photos were captured in the Central-west and North-west areas of the Jamari National Forest, areas constituted by Dense Evergreen Forest with Open Evergreen Forest spots. The areas where the images of A. microtis were captured are in forest management zone and in mining zone, which still not exploited. Based on these facts, we suggest the management plan of this Conservation Unity took this finding into consideration and altered it, so this species could be better studied in the region, before its exploitation. As there are hardly any studies related to this species, this note becomes important, contributing to data about the A. microtis ecology.