Guías alimentarias en adolescentes: Piloto sobre uso de aplicación web para estilos de vida saludables

RESUMEN La infancia y adolescencia son etapas claves en la adquisición de estilos de vida saludables, por lo que acciones o intervenciones en educación en alimentación y estilos de vida saludables son esenciales para el logro de una mejor calidad de vida. Es por esto, que el objetivo de este trabajo fue desarrollar una herramienta web interactiva para que adolescentes apliquen los conceptos entregados por las Guías Alimentarias Basadas en Alimentos (GABA) a través de la superación de distintos desafíos y potenciando de esta manera decisiones que promuevan estilos de vida saludables. Como parte de la metodología, se realizó un diagnóstico en el que participaron 37 adolescentes, los que reconocieron aspectos relevantes del diseño para la App. Una vez desarrollada, se probó en 10 adolescentes, los que respondieron a cuestionario en donde se recolectó su opinión sobre las fortalezas y aspectos a mejorar de la aplicación. Como resultado de la aplicación del piloto, los adolescentes lograron identificar la importancia de mantener una alimentación y rutina de ejercicios saludables y personalizados. Como conclusión, el uso de la App podría fomentar el autocuidado en adolescentes mediante una estrategia lúdica y adaptada a una forma común de comunicación en esta etapa de la trayectoria vital.

ABSTRACT Childhood and adolescence are key stages for the acquisition of healthy lifestyles, thus actions or interventions on nutrition and healthy lifestyle education are essential to achieve a better quality of life. We developed an interactive web tool for adolescents to apply the concepts delivered by the Food-Based Dietary Guidelines (FBDG) through overcoming different challenges, thus empowering decisions that promote healthy lifestyles. As part of the methodology, a pilot study was conducted with 30 adolescent participants, who recognized relevant aspects of the design for the application (App). Once developed, the App was tested in 10 adolescents, who answered a questionnaire on strengths and aspects to improve. Adolescents were able to identify the importance of maintaining a healthy and personalized diet and exercise routine. In conclusion, the use of the App could promote self-care in adolescents through a playful strategy adapted to a common form of communication at this life trajectory stage.

Compliance of school food guidelines in primary schools in Mexico City

Childhood obesity is a major public health issue in Mexico. Schools are important settings to promote healthy eating habits. The aim of this study was to assess the extent of compliance with 2010 and 2014 Mexican school food guidelines in six public primary schools in Mexico City. The instruments for this study included semi-structured interviews (n=17) with principals, food vendors and members of the School Vending Committee, focus groups (n=10) with teachers and with parents, observation of six schools' environments, questionnaires applied to 325 schoolchildren from 4th, 5th and 6th grades and their parents, and a food analysis of items sold at school vending. Guidelines' compliance was assessed using all instruments accordingly. It was low in every dimension: 1) Acknowledgment of school food guidelines: None of the participants were familiar with the 2014 guidelines. 2) Healthy environment enhancement: Children lacked free access to safe drinking water. Children had up to five opportunities to eat during school day besides breakfast at home. Most children (67.7%) ate three to four times. 3) Operability of food and beverages sale and consumption: The only training provided to stakeholders was an annual session on hygiene to school food vendors. The majority of food and beverages offered at school vending exceeded energy, sodium, fat and added sugar content as established. Children sold energy-dense foods for school fundraising. Lack of dissemination and acknowledgment of the guidelines, defined roles and policy procedures, as well as training and capacity building for stakeholders impeded school food guidelines'proper implementation(AU)

La obesidad infantil es un problema de salud pública en México. La escuela es un lugar importante para promover hábitos saludables. El propósito del estudio fue evaluar el cumplimiento de los lineamientos escolares de alimentos de 2010 y 2014 en seis escuelas primarias públicas de la Ciudad de México. Los instrumentos incluyen entrevistas semi-estructuradas (n=17) con directores, vendedores de alimentos y miembros del Comité del Establecimiento de Consumo Escolar, grupos focales (n=10) con padres y con profesores, observación del entorno escolar, cuestionarios aplicados a 325 niños de 4º, 5º y 6º grado y a sus padres, y un análisis de los alimentos ofrecidos en la venta escolar. El cumplimiento de los lineamientos fue bajo en cada dimensión: 1) Conocimiento de los lineamientos: Ninguno de los participantes conocía los lineamientos de 2014. 2) Promoción de un ambiente saludable: No se tenía acceso libre a agua simple potable. Los niños tenían cinco oportunidades para comer durante la jornada escolar además del desayuno en casa. La mayoría de los niños (67.7%) comía de 3 a 4 veces. 3) Operatividad de la venta y consumo de alimentos y bebidas: La única capacitación fue una sesión anual de higiene a los vendedores. La mayoría de los alimentos y bebidas excedía los límites establecidos de calorías, sodio, grasa y azúcar añadida. Los niños vendían alimentos densos en energía para recaudar fondos. La falta de difusión de las guías, roles y políticas no definidos y una mínima capacitación obstaculizaron la implementación de los lineamientos(AU)

CONOCIMIENTO Y PRÁCTICA DE RECOMENDACIONES SOBRE ALIMENTACIÓN SALUDABLE EN ESTUDIANTES UNIVERSITARIOS / KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICE OF RECOMMENDATIONS ON HEALTHY FOOD IN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

En la actualidad resulta evidente la relación que existe entre la alimentación y la salud. La etapa universitaria es un momento clave en la autonomía en la cual los jóvenes adquieren hábitos alimentarios propios, guiados en mayor o menor medida por gustos personales, influencias del entorno, factores económicos y la búsqueda de la salud, entre otros aspectos.

The Study of Awareness and Practice of Korean Dietitians in Food Exchange Lists, Serving Size and Dietary Guidelines

Dietitians in various fields have used food exchange lists for food preparations. However ie seems that the present food exchange lists are complicated, thus they cause many problems for dietitians to use in the fields. Therefore this study evaluated to the extent of awareness and utilizations of KDA food exchange lists in dietitians and also collected dietitian's opinions for revising food exchange lists such as serving size, serving calories, and for unifying food guidelines and dietary and dietary guidelines for Korean to one simple guideline. 192 dietitians who presently work in urban and rural areas were recruited and data based on survey were collected. As results, most of dietitians(87.5%) knew well about food exchange lists, but only 7.8% of them always would use food exchange lists for menu planing, 56.3% of dietitians did not use it at all and 34.4% occasionally use it. And 88.0% of dietitians wanted to revise food exchange lists totally or partially, 69.8% of dietitians hoped to amend various calories per one serving in food exchange lists to one serving calorie. The desirable on serving calorie was selected as 100kcal(51%) or 50kcal(38%) by dietitians. The dietitians in this study understood very well dietary guidelines(86.5%) and food guidelines(88.5%) for Korean, and 66.1% dietitians wanted to unify both guidelines. In case of unification of guidelines, dietitians answered that 7~8 items(30%) or 5~6 items(27%) should be included in guideline. In the question about reference value for daily allowance, most dietitians(56%) satisfied with the present various reference values for various generation while 28% of dietitians wanted to change to have one reference value (standard with 2000kcal, adult female). This study will provide basic informations for revising or adjustment of food exchange list and dietary or food guidelines for Korean.