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1.
Rev. direito sanit ; 22(2): e0020, 20221230.
Article Dans Portugais | LILACS | ID: biblio-1419262

Résumé

O presente artigo teve como objetivo discutir a compulsoriedade da aplicação vacinal no Brasil à luz dos princípios bioéticos. Para tanto, analisaram-se os desdobramentos históricos do manuseio dos imunizantes no país e identificaram-se as interferências dos princípios propostos pela bioética no tocante à aplicação segura e eficaz de vacinas. Reforçando-se a notoriedade da temática no cenário atual, debateram-se, ainda, as novas perspectivas que a pandemia de covid-19 propiciou no que concerne à vacinação compulsória. Por último, examinou-se o papel do Estado quanto ao equilíbrio a ser encontrado na busca pela consolidação dos direitos sanitários inerentes ao corpo social e os deveres das entidades públicas, por via do Programa Nacional de Imunizações, na garantia da exímia aplicação da Constituição Cidadã de 1988. A pesquisa teve abordagem qualitativa, construída a partir de revisão bibliográfica de cunho integrativo. Concluiu-se pelo caráter elementar das campanhas de vacinação obrigatória, sobretudo em cenários de incerteza populacional quanto à segurança dos imunizantes, em que o papel dos entes governamentais é enfatizado pela necessária conservação da saúde pública.


This article aimed to discuss the compulsory application of vaccines in Brazil in the light of bioethical principles. Historical developments related to the handling of immunizers in the country were analyzed and interferences of the principles proposed by bioethics regarding the safe and effective application of the vaccine were identified. Also, reinforcing the notoriety of the theme in the current scenario, a debate was presented about the new perspectives that the Covid-19 pandemic provided with regard to compulsory vaccination. Finally, the role of the State was examined regarding the balance to be found in the search for the consolidation of the health rights inherent to the social body and the duties of public entities, through the National Immunization Program, in guaranteeing the excellent application of the Citizen Constitution of 1988. The research has a qualitative approach built from a bibliographic review with an integrative nature. As a conclusion, this study reveals the elementary nature of mandatory vaccination campaigns, especially in scenarios of population uncertainty regarding the safety of immunizers in which the role of government entities is emphasized by the necessary conservation of public health.


Sujets)
Droits civiques , Brésil
2.
Pesqui. prát. psicossociais ; 14(2): 1-16, abr.-jun. 2019. tab
Article Dans Portugais | LILACS | ID: biblio-1012742

Résumé

Este trabalho visa analisar como as liberdades individuais são expressas em uma proposta de convivência voltada para o coletivo, como são as ecovilas. O presente estudo contribui para uma reflexão sobre a vida em comunidade, assim como para criar um debate sobre trocas e concessões possíveis entre indivíduo e sociedade. A partir de uma pesquisa de campo, de abordagem qualitativa (com observação participante e entrevistas), foi possível perceber que os conflitos fazem parte do cotidiano local, mas que a convivência se torna viável com construções de estratégias e propósitos - que podem ser importantes para a elaboração de alternativas para a sociedade atual. Percebemos que os desafios para se construir uma vida com senso de comunidade em uma ecovila são diários, e são observados por seus moradores de diferentes formas - ao mesmo tempo em que eles ainda estão buscando conjugar as liberdades individuais com as necessidades coletivas, em um processo contínuo.


This article aims to analyze how individual freedoms are expressed in a proposal of coexistence geared towards the collective, as are ecovillages. The present study contributes to a reflection on life in a community, as well as to create a debate about possible exchanges and concessions between individual and society. From a field research, with a qualitative approach (with participant observation and interviews), it was possible to perceive that conflicts are part of local daily life, but that coexistence becomes viable through constructions of strategies and purposes - which may be important for the elaboration of alternatives to the current society. We realize that the challenges to building a community-based life in an ecovillage are daily, and are observed by its residents in different ways - at the same time as they are still seeking to combine individual freedoms with collective needs, in a continuous process.


Este trabajo busca analizar cómo las libertades individuales se expresan en una propuesta de convivencia orientada hacia el colectivo, como son las ecoaldeas. El presente estudio contribuye a una reflexión sobre la vida en comunidad, así como para crear un debate sobre intercambios y concesiones posibles entre individuo y sociedad. A partir de una investigación de campo, de abordaje cualitativo (con observación participante y entrevistas), fue posible percibir que los conflictos forman parte del cotidiano local, pero que la convivencia se torna viable a través de construcciones de estrategias y propósitos - que pueden ser importantes para la elaboración de alternativas a la sociedad actual. Se percibe que los desafíos para construir una vida con sentido de comunidad en una comunidad son diarios, y son observados por sus habitantes de diferentes formas - al mismo tiempo que éstos todavía están buscando conjugar las libertades individuales con las necesidades colectivas, en un proceso en curso.


Sujets)
Liberté , Individualité , Psychologie sociale , Groupes de population , Psychologie de l'environnement , Développement durable , Relations interpersonnelles
3.
Interdisciplinaria ; 35(2): 395-408, dic. 2018.
Article Dans Espagnol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1019914

Résumé

El presente artículo hace una reflexión sobre la implementación del enfoque de desarrollo humano en las organizaciones laborales. Se explicarán los elementos socio-históricos que originaron su creación, el papel del Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo (PNUD) y los principales pilares del paradigma a partir de una discusión teórica del concepto de capacidades. Propone que el enfoque de desarrollo humano, y en particular el de capacidades humanas, tiene diversas aplicaciones en el contexto organizacional, no limitado al desarrollo de competencias laborales. Se reconoce que las capacidades para la vida en común y para la ciudadanía también pueden fortalecerse en el entorno laboral, siendo las organizaciones espacios de interacción social. Una implementación vigorosa de dichos enfoques requiere superar la mirada economicista de las relaciones laborales, dando lugar a que las organizaciones ofrezcan oportunidades reales, incluyendo la libertad de agencia y la decisión subjetiva, como responsabilidad compartida con el desarrollo de las personas.


This article reflects on the implementation of the human development approach in labor organizations. We will explain the socio-historical elements that led to its creation, the role of the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) and the main pillars of the paradigm, base on a theoretical discussion of the concept of capabilities. We propose that the human development approach, and in particular that of human capacities, has diverse applications in the organizational context, not limited to the development of labor competencies. We recognize that the capacities for life in common can be strengthened in the work environment, since the organizations are also spaces of social interaction. Accepting these premises, employees can be educated for citizenship, while acquiring skills for productive life. A vigorous implementation of these approaches requires overcoming the economicist view of labor relations, giving organizations the chance to offer real opportunities, including agency freedom and subjective decision, as a shared responsibility for the development of people. The paradigm of human development has been widely applied in community work because of its impact on the design of public policies and social programs. In the 1980s, the ideas of the Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq were materialized in the first Human Development Report. Since 1990, to date, UNDP has continued to publish annual reports. Indian philosopher and economist Amartya Sen contributed to the creation of the Human Development Index; along with the American philosopher Martha Nussbaum have developed proposals to develop capabilities. The authors' work proves a high commitment to freedom, human rights and democracy, bringing the welfare economy to political science, economics and ethics. Although the focus has gained attention in government policies and social institutions, its application in labor organizations has not achieved the same diffusion. Recently, the UNDP Human Development Report 2015 has addressed this issue in studying work and its impact on people. Perhaps its lack of application in the labor organizations is that in these the subject is usually conceived as a means of production, not as an end in itself. Hence, development opportunities are usually measured in criteria of productivity and economic growth of the organization, instead of growth and development of people. This approach initially emerges as a critique of the economic model focused on the production of consumer goods, which sought to bring the benefits of increased output to the lower income groups. Far from enumerating the errors and neglects of the models that have sustained injustice, the approach proposes alternatives to pay for this "social debt" that has left great inequality gaps in the vulnerable population. Since its first report, UNDP has emphasized the importance of offering people and Communities options to economic alternatives for empowerment and the expansion of human freedoms. In this sense, the Human Development approach does not deny the important role that the economic conditions of individual, group or collective subjects fulfill, but its message is broader. While it is true that economic factors help meet the essential needs of men, economic growth has no automatic link with human progress (UNDP, 1990). It does not mean neglecting the GDP indicator, but how to translate that growth into the strengthening of human capabilities. We consider it is the development of the subjects that drives the organization, not viceversa. Therefore, the interest that people have in this proposal is special. The central issues for its implementation require defining this paradigm and its main foundations. For this it is necessary to contrast the concept of human capabilities and their possible equivalent in organizations: labor competencies. Finally, we present the implications of free agency and co-responsibility of organizations, since human development obeys a subjective decision.

4.
Rev. psicol. (Fortaleza, Online) ; 7(1): 266-273, jul.-dez. 2016.
Article Dans Portugais | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-879797

Résumé

O atual projeto se constrói dentro da perspectiva do trabalho e das relações sociais e políticas, introduzindo a área de conhecimento da psicologia política em perspectiva emancipadora no contexto acadêmico da UFC por via do Cruso de Psicologia e do Projeto Rinepe. O projeto nasce com foco no comportamento político nas sociedades contemporâneas e nos efeitos dos movimentos sociais e políticos atuais sobre as liberdades e processos emancipatórios, bem como seus impedimentos em escala local, nacional e global. Tem por objetivos o desenvolvimento de um campo interdisciplinar de reflexão e prática investigativa e divulgadora, reunindo debates em torno de questões como: preconceito social, racismo, xenofobia, movimentos sociais, violência coletiva social, relações de poder, movimentos emancipatórios de povos e nações, valores democráticos e autoritarismos, laicismo, análises de discursos e ideologias, de universos simbólicos e práticas institucionais. Nessa perspectiva, o Pólis atua desde sua criação formal em 2013, como projeto de extensão. Criou um blog para divulgação e atualização, bem como no seu âmbito foram realizadas atividades diversas que seguem sua linha de criação, como palestras de apoio a movimentos humanos e sociais em busca da cunhada emancipação e libertação humana, bem como estudos e construções teóricos para a fundamentação de suas atividades.


The current project is built within the work, social and political relation perspectives, introducing the political psychology knowledge area in emancipatory perspective in the academic context of the Federal University of Ceará Brazil via the Psychology Faculty and the Rinepe Project. It focus on political behavior in contemporary societies and the effects of social movements and current politicians about the freedoms and emancipatory processes, and their constraints at the local, national and global scope. It aims to develop an interdisciplinary field of reflection and research and disclosure practice, gathering debates around issues such as social prejudice, racism, xenophobia, homophobia, social movements, social collective violence, power relations, emancipatory movements of peoples and nations, democratic values and authoritarianism, laicism, discourse analysis and ideologies, symbolic universes and institutional practices. In this perspective, the POLIS acts since its formal establishment in 2013, as an extension project. It has a blog to disseminate and update, as well as in its scope were carried out various activities that follow its line of creation, such as lectures to support human and social movements in search of deserved emancipation and human liberation, as well as theoretical studies and construction for foundation of its activities.


Sujets)
Politique , Psychologie , Minorités , Laïcisme , Facteurs sociologiques
5.
Ciênc. rural ; 45(12): 2239-2244, graf
Article Dans Anglais | LILACS | ID: lil-764521

Résumé

ABSTRACT:Broiler chicken welfare regulation at farm level is scarce in Brazil. This research aimed to study good agricultural practices at farm level adopted by broiler chicken companies in the state of Paraná, analyzing them in relation to the promotion of animal welfare. Twenty exporting companies were contacted, 15 answered the questionnaire. The participating companies were responsible for 76.3% of the State broiler production. Indicators related to the availability and the quality of food and water are being adapted by the companies, but still need to be improved. Regarding environmental indicators, companies had concerns about air and litter quality and about the implementation of emergency systems on totally enclosed broiler houses. Natural light has been replaced by low intensity artificial lighting. Footpad dermatitis was the most cited disease used as a sanitary indicator (93.3%), but little information was given about the maximum percentages allowed. Environmental enrichment is not used in poultry houses. This study identified agricultural programs with positive and negative impacts on animal welfare. Investments on research seem to be the only way to conduct changes on broiler chicken chain without reducing the quality of animals' life.


RESUMO:A regulamentação em bem-estar animal (BEA) no Brasil não tem especificidade para a cadeia de frangos de corte nas etapas anteriores ao abate. Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar os programas de boas práticas agropecuárias (BPA) de empresas de avicultura de corte do Paraná, analisando-os em relação à promoção do BEA no âmbito das granjas. Vinte empresas exportadoras do Paraná foram contatadas, 15 aceitaram participar, sendo estas responsáveis por 76,3% da produção do Paraná. Observou-se que os indicadores relacionados à disponibilidade e qualidade de alimento têm sido objeto de adequação nas granjas, ainda sujeito a melhorias. Nos indicadores ambientais, observaram-se cuidados com a qualidade do ar e da cama, implementação de sistemas de emergência em granjas climatizadas e a substituição da iluminação natural por artificial de baixa intensidade. A pododermatite foi a doença mais citada como indicador sanitário (93,3%), mas pouca informação foi dada a respeito dos valores máximos para este e outros indicadores sanitários. O enriquecimento ambiental não é usado pelas empresas respondentes. Foram identificados programas de BPA que podem ter consequências positivas e negativas para o BEA. Os resultados deste trabalho sugerem que o investimento em pesquisa parece ser a única via para balizar mudanças no setor de avicultura, sem que estas incorram em redução na qualidade de vida das aves.

6.
Braz. j. vet. res. anim. sci ; 49(6): 431-441, 2012.
Article Dans Portugais | LILACS | ID: lil-687640

Résumé

A relação entre seres humanos e animais deve ser positiva. No entanto, interações negativas também têm sido descritas, como os relatos de ocorrências de maus-tratos contra animais. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram estudar o perfil de denúncias de maus-tratos contra animais registradas nas Sociedades Protetoras dos Animais de Campo Largo e de Curitiba e na Rede de Defesa e Proteção Animal de Curitiba, e analisar a pertinência da ação de profissionais capacitados em tais processos. Os elementos apurados foram espécies animais envolvidas e descrição das denúncias a fim de coletar as informações pertinentes e classificá-las de acordo com as causas e com as Cinco Liberdades. Das denúncias, 82,9% envolveram cães. As causas mais comuns foram abandono (16,2%), não fornecimento de alimento e água (15,7%), morte (14,7%) e ausência de atendimento veterinário (13,5%). A maioria das ocorrências fez referência às liberdades sanitária (71,8%) e nutricional (28,2%), embora a avaliação técnica tenha revelado o comprometimento comum da liberdade psicológica (93,5%). Os resultados sugerem que a colaboração de profissional capacitado em bemestar animal pode subsidiar o aprimoramento das deliberações em casos de suspeita de maus-tratos aos animais.


The human-animal relationship should be positive; however, negative interactions are frequently registered, some of which can be found as reports of incidents of animal abuse. The aim of this study was to survey the history of complaints of animal abuse recorded in the Animal Protection Society of Campo Largo and Curitiba and in the Animal Defense and Protection Network of Curitiba, Paraná, and to analyze the relevance of veterinary action in such cases. The data collected were animal species involved, description of complaints and relevant information to classify them according to the causes and the Five Freedoms. Of the allegations, 82.9% involved dogs. The most common causes were abandonment (16.2%), failure to provide food and water (15.7%), death (14.7%) and lack of veterinary care (13.5%). Most of the cases referred to the freedom from pain, injury and disease, and the freedom from hunger and thirst, although the technical evaluation has revealed a frequent impact on psychological freedom. The results suggest that the collaboration of a professional specialized in animal welfare can enhance the deliberations in cases of suspected animal abuse.


Sujets)
Animaux , Bien-être animal/éthique , Chiens/classification , Études rétrospectives
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