Evaluation of Gemcitabine-Cisplatin Vs Gemcitabine-Oxaliplatin in The Treatment of Advanced Biliary Tract Carcinoma: A Tertiary Care Hospital Study in Bangladesh

Background: Biliary tract carcinoma is highly fatal and one of the commonest cancers in Bangladesh. Chemotherapy is the mainstay of treatment as it is present in an advanced stage. Gemcitabine-Cisplatin association has been a standard of care for first-line regimens in advanced biliary tract cancer. Nevertheless, the Gemcitabine-Oxaliplatin regimen is frequently preferred. There has been no nationwide study to compare the effectiveness of these two platinum groups. Therefore, this study compared the efficacy and toxicities of Gemcitabine-Cisplatin (Gem-Cis) with Gemcitabine-Oxaliplatin (GEMOX) combination chemotherapy for the treatment of ABTC.Material & Methods:In this quasi-experimental study, a total number of eighty patients (40 patients in arm A and 40 patients in arm B), who had histopathologically or cytopathological proven ABTC with no history of previous treatment were included. The study has done between the periods of January 2019 to June 2020. The patients received Gemcitabine (1000 mg/m2 i.v. on day 1 and day 8) plus Cisplatin (25 mg/m2 i.v. on day 1 and 8) every 3 weeks for 6 cycles in Arm A. In another group, Gemcitabine (1000 mg/m2 i.v. on day 1) plus Oxaliplatin (100 mg/m2 i.v. on day 2) every 2 weeks for 6 cycles in Arm B was given. All the patients were followed up according to the set follow-up criteria up to 6 weeks after completion of treatment.Results:At the end of the treatment, Response rates (CR+PR+SD) were analyzed. No patient from both the arms showed Complete Response (CR). 37.5% and 45% of patients of the Arm A and Arm B groups showed Partial Response (PR) respectively. Meanwhile, 45% and 40% of patients from Arm A and B showed Stable Disease (SD) respectively. P-value was 0.410 (>0.05). Seven patients (17%) in Arm A and six patients (15%) in Arm B developed Progressive disease (PD). The most common treatment-related grade 3 toxicities were more experienced in the Arm A group. For Arm A versus Arm B that were as follows: neutropenia (15% versus 5%), anemia (15% versus 8%), thrombocytopenia (10% versus 2.5%), nausea (10% versus 5%), vomiting (5%versus 2.5%), peripheral neuropathy (0% versus 15%) and renal toxicity (7.5% versus 0%). For none of them, the p-value was <0.05 except for neutropenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia, renal toxicity, and peripheral neuropathy in which the p-value was 0.042, 0.001, 0.014, 0.0001, and 0.00001 respectively. For both Arms, there were no treatment-related Grade 4 toxicities.Conclusion:The study exhibited that treatment with the Gemcitabine-Oxaliplatin regimen was well tolerated, less toxic, and convenient with similar effectiveness compared to the Gemcitabine-Cisplatin regimen in loco regional control of advanced biliary tract cancer.

The Outcome of Gemcitabine-Cisplatin Versus Gemcitabine-Oxaliplatin in The Treatment of Advanced Biliary Tract Carcinoma

Background: Biliary tract carcinoma is highly fatal and one of the commonest cancers in Bangladesh. Chemotherapy is the mainstay of treatment as it is present in an advanced stage. Gemcitabine-Cisplatin association has been a standard of care for first-line regimens in advanced biliary tract cancer. Nevertheless, the Gemcitabine-Oxaliplatin regimen is frequently preferred. There has been no nationwide study to compare the effectiveness of these two platinum groups. Therefore, this study compared the efficacy and toxicities of Gemcitabine-Cisplatin (Gem-Cis) with Gemcitabine-Oxaliplatin (GEMOX) combination chemotherapy for the treatment of ABTC.Material & Methods:In this quasi-experimental study, a total number of eighty patients (40 patients in arm A and 40 patients in arm B), who had histopathologically or cytopathologically proven ABTC with no history of previous treatment were included. The study has done between the periods of January 2019 to June 2020. The patients received Gemcitabine (1000 mg/m2 i.v. on day 1 and day 8) plus Cisplatin (25 mg/m2i.v. on day 1 and 8) every 3 weeks for 6 cycles in Arm A. In another group, Gemcitabine (1000 mg/m2 i.v. on day 1) plus Oxaliplatin (100 mg/m2 i.v. on day 2) every 2 weeks for 6 cycles in Arm B was given. All the patients were followed up according to the set follow-up criteria up to 6 weeks after completion of treatment.Results:At the end of the treatment, Response rates (CR+PR+SD) were analyzed. No patient from both the arms showed Complete Response (CR). 37.5% and 45% of patients of the Arm A and Arm B groups showed Partial Response (PR) respectively. Meanwhile, 45% and 40% of patients from Arm A and B showed Stable Disease (SD) respectively. P-value was 0.410 (>0.05). Seven patients (17%) in Arm A and six patients (15%) in Arm B developed Progressive disease (PD). The most common treatment-related grade 3 toxicities were more experienced in the Arm A group. For Arm A versus Arm B that were as follows: neutropenia (15% versus 5%), anemia (15% versus 8%), thrombocytopenia (10% versus 2.5%), nausea (10% versus 5%), vomiting (5%versus 2.5%), peripheral neuropathy (0% versus 15%) and renal toxicity (7.5% versus 0%). For none of them, the p-value was <0.05 except for neutropenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia, renal toxicity, and peripheral neuropathy in which the p-value was 0.042, 0.001, 0.014, 0.0001, and 0.00001 respectively. For both Arms, there were no treatment-related Grade 4 toxicities.Conclusion:The study exhibited that treatment with Gemcitabine-Oxaliplatin regimen was well tolerated, less toxic, and convenient with similar effectiveness compared to Gemcitabine-Cisplatin regimen in loco regional control of advanced biliary tract cancer.

Análise de rótulos de fórmulas lácteas infantis / Analysis of Labels of Children's Dairy Formulas

Objetivo: O presente estudo teve por finalidade analisar os rótulos de fórmulas lácteas infantis comercializados em um município do Estado do Maranhão. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, descritivo exploratório de abordagem quantitativa. As amostras foram definidas com base na RDC nº. 222/02, incluindo três grupos de interesse: Fórmulas infantis para lactentes; Fórmulas infantis de seguimento para lactentes e crianças de primeira infância e Fórmula infantil para neces-sidades dietoterápicas específicas. Resultados: No final da coleta encontrou-se 44 produtos, onde nenhuma das fórmulas lácteas analisadas conseguiu 100% de adequação. De maneira geral, a rotulagem de alimentos embalados atendeu ao que é designado na legislação na maioria dos parâmetros avaliados, onde as informações contidas nos rótulos desses produtos estavam adequadas, no entanto, quanto a RDC nº. 222/01, 29,5% dos produtos, apresentaram irregularidades. Ocorreu grande inadequação quanto aos micronutrientes, onde a maior irregularidade foi referente ao ácido pantotênico (81,7%). Os re-sultados demonstram maior atenção das indústrias de alimentos destinados a lactentes e crianças de primeira infância, quanto aos requisitos exigidos pelas normas de rotulagem geral do que com relação às legislações específicas. Conclusão: Diante do exposto, conclui-se que os objetivos do presente estudo foram alcançados com êxito, onde todos os produtos apresentavam irregularidades frente a legislação. (AU)

Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze labels of infant formula sold in a municipality in the state of Maranhão. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional, exploratory descriptive study with a quantitative approach. Samples were defined on the basis of RDC No. 222/02, including three interest groups: infant formulas for infants; Infant follow-up formulas for infants and toddlers and Infant formula for specific dietary needs. Results: At the end of the collection, 44 products were found, where none of the analyzed milk formulas achieved 100% adequacy. In general, the labeling of packaged foods met what is designated in the legislation in most of the parameters evaluated, where the information contained in the labels of these products were adequate, however, for RDC nº 222/01, 29.5% of the products, presented irregularities. There was great inadequacy regarding micronutrients, where the greatest irregularity was related to pantothenic acid (81.7%). The results show greater attention from the food industries for infants and young children regarding the requirements of general labeling rules than specific legislation. Conclusion: In view of the above, it is concluded that the objectives of the present study were suc-cessfully achieved, where all products presented irregularities against the legislation. (AU)

Analysis on the characteristics of newly diagnosed occupational pneumoconiosis in gem processing industries in Guangdong Province,2006-2016 / 中国职业医学

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the characteristics of newly diagnosed pneumoconiosis in gem processing industries in Guangdong Province from 2006 to 2016.METHODS: Data from Direct Reporting System for Occupational Disease Network in the gem processing industries in Guangdong Province from 2006 to 2016 were collected and analyzed according to pneumoconiosis disease category, regions, industry and enterprise characteristics.RESULTS: There were 202 new diagnosed pneumoconiosis cases in gem processing industry in Guangdong Province from 2006 to 2016,which showed a general decline trend after peaking in 2008.Among 202 cases,192 cases( 95.0%) were silicosis,9 cases( 4.5%) were other pneumoconiosis,1 case( 0.5%) was welder pneumoconiosis; 143 cases( 70.8%) were stage Ⅰ pneumoconiosis,44 cases( 21.8%) were stage Ⅱ pneumoconiosis,15 cases( 7.4%) were stage Ⅲ pneumoconiosis; 196 cases( 97.0%)were male and 6 cases( 3.0%) were female.The mean age for diagnosis was( 36.3 ± 0.4) years,and the median dust exposure duration was 9.6 years.There was 86.1% of cases centered at the Pearl River Delta region and 94.6% of cases working in jewelry and related goods manufacture industry,which were more commonly from Hong Kong,Macao,Taiwan and private own economy enterprises( 94.1%),as well as large and small enterprises( 72.2%).There was 38.2%( 21/55) of the enterprises reporting 2 or more cases,of which 3 enterprises had more than 10 new cases.The job titles of these cases were mainly drilling,cutting,sculpturing and stone cutting.CONCLUSION: The prevalence of pneumoconiosis in gem processing industries in Guangdong showed a decreasing tendency, but there is a potential risk of group onset of pneumoconiosis.The prevention and control procedures for dust hazard should be strengthened in gem processing industries.

Clinical application analysis and evaluation of 128-slice GEM CT technique / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To evaluate the clinical application of 128-slice GEM CT in order to analyze its advantages in clinical application.Methods The characteristics of ASiR technique were introduced,CT images of target area were obtained,and the clinical advantages of the technique were analyzed.Results The technique gained advantages in the imaging examination of heart,abdomen,soft tissues,vascular plaque and high resolutions in time,space and density,and image noise was decreased with no X-ray radiation dose increased.Conclusion The technique enhances CT examination in image quality,diagnosis accuracy,examination efficiency and high resolutions in time,space and density.

A study on the influence of contrast agent protocol on gem spectrum CT pulmonary angiography quality / 重庆医学

Objective To compare the image quality between large dose smart tracking technique and low dose test bolus technique for gem spectral CT pulmonary angiography(CTPA).Methods A total of 106 cases with suspected pulmonary embolism were divided into two groups.Group A(54 cases)was carried out with large dose smart tracking technique.Group B(52 cases)was carried out with low dose test bolus technique.We compared the image quality between the two groups.Results There were significant differences in the CT value of the right pulmonary artery and the content of iodine in the lower lobe of the right pulmonary artery of two groups(P<0.01).There was significant difference of image quality between the two groups(P<0.05).The rate of excellent or good image quality in group A was higher than that in group B,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion Large dose smart tracking technique can track the artifacts of pulmonary artery imaging with less artifacts and uniform vascular fixation.The image quality of pulmonary artery imaging is better than that of small dose contrast agent.

Study on the Correlation between RRM1 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms and Chemotherapy Sensitivity of NSCLC Patients for Gemcitabine / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the correlation between ribonucleotide reductase M1 subunit (RRM1) single nucleo-tide polymorphisms (SNPs) and chemotherapy sensitivity of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) for gemcitabine. METHODS:A total of 96 NSCLC patients receiving primary treatment selected from our hospital during Aug. 2014-Jul. 2016 were all accepted gemcitabine-based two-drug chemotherapy plan,with continuous treatment for at least 2 cycles(28 d as a cycle). Che-motherapy sensitivity rate was calculated by using the ratio of the sum of patients with complete response and partial response to the sum of test patients. RRM1 genotype was tested by PCR and direct sequencing. The correlation between different genotypes and chemotherapy sensitivity was analyzed. RESULTS:Distribution frequency of RRM1-37C>A CC, CA, AA genotype were 35.42％,52.08％,12.50％,respectively;distribution frequency of-524C>T CC,CT,TT genotype were 18.75％,37.50％, 43.75％,respectively. The frequency of each genotype was in the line with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium(P>0.05). Chemotherapy sensitivity rate of 96 NSCLC patients was 37.50％. The patient's age,sex,ethnicity,smoking or not,TNM stage,pathological type,chemotherapy plan,and the Eastern American Oncology Collaboration score were not associated with chemotherapy sensitivi-ty (P>0.05). Chemotherapy sensitivity rates of RRM1(-37CA)+(-524CT)genotype and (-37CC)+(-524TT) genotype patients (57.14％,39.39％) were significantly higher than those of other genotype patients (10.71％),with statistical significance (P<0.05). There was no statistical significance in chemotherapy sensitivity rate between RRM1(-37CA)+(-524CT) and (-37CC)+(-524TT)genotype patients. CONCLUSIONS:In NSCLC patients,the SNPs of RRM1 can be used as predictive factor for the sen-sitivity of gemcitabine chemotherapy,and RRM1(-37CA)+(-524CT)and(-37CC)+(-524TT)genotype patients have higher sensi-tivity to this type of chemotherapy.

Clinical application analysis and evaluation of 128-slice GEM CT technique / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To evaluate the clinical application of 128-slice GEM CT in order to analyze its advantages in clinical application.Methods The characteristics of ASiR technique were introduced,CT images of target area were obtained,and the clinical advantages of the technique were analyzed.Results The technique gained advantages in the imaging examination of heart,abdomen,soft tissues,vascular plaque and high resolutions in time,space and density,and image noise was decreased with no X-ray radiation dose increased.Conclusion The technique enhances CT examination in image quality,diagnosis accuracy,examination efficiency and high resolutions in time,space and density.

Construction of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG particles surface display system / 生物工程学报

To describe a novel particles surface display system which is consisted of gram-positive enhancer matrix (GEM) particles and anchor proteins for bacteria-like particles vaccines, we treated Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG bacteria with 10% heated-TCA for preparing GEM particles, and then identified the harvested GEM particles by electron microscopy, RT-PCR and SDS-PAGE. Meanwhile, Escherichia coli was induced to express hybrid proteins PA3-EGFP and P60-EGFP, and GEM particles were incubated with them. Then binding of anchor proteins were determined by Western blotting, transmission electron microscopy, fluorescence microscopy and spectrofluorometry. GEM particles preserved original size and shape, and proteins and DNA contents of GEM particles were released substantially. The two anchor proteins both had efficiently immobilized on the surface of GEM. GEM particles that were bounded by anchor proteins were brushy. The fluorescence of GEM particles anchoring PA3 was slightly brighter than P60, but the difference was not significant (P>0.05). GEM particles prepared from L. rhamnosus GG have a good binding efficiency with anchor proteins PA3-EGFP and P60-EGFP. Therefore, this novel foreign protein surface display system could be used for bacteria-like particle vaccines.

Applied research on double low scanning technique in gem spectrum ct coronary artery angiography / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To investigate the feasibility of double low scanning technique using the gem spectrum CT coronary artery angiography among the patients at low heart rate≤ 65 beats per minute.Methods This prospective study was approved by the institutional re-view board with patient informed consent.Ninty patients (heart rate≤65 beats per minute)were randomly devided into 3 groups.Group A un-derwent spectral CCTA with iodixanol (Visipaque,270mg/mL)and low scanning technique,Group B conventional CCTA with iohexol (Omnipaque,370 mg/mL)and Group C conventional CCTA with iodixanol (Visipaque,270 mg/mL),Routine scan mode was used in Group B and Group C.Prospective ECG gating mode was used in all groups.120kVp polychromatic images with FBP algorithm (Group B and Group C)were reconstructed for conventional CCTA,60 keV monochromatic images with FBP algorithm (Group A) or with a fixed blending level (40%)of ASiR (Group A1 )were reconstructed for spectral CCTA.Compared the image quality of four groups and ED in three groups.Results The difference was ststistically significant between four groups with the CT value,im-age noise,SNR and CNR of coronary (each P<0.001.Group A1 has the highest SNR and CNR.Group C has the lowest image noise.There were no significant difference of coronary score between group A1 and group B(χ2=0.01,P=1.000)).There was significant difference of coronary score between group A and group B (χ2=22.428,P<0.001),group B and group C (χ2=39.005,P<0.001), group A1 and group A (χ2=21.854,P<0.001).Effective radiation dose in the group A(ED2.60±0.26 mSv)was lower than that of group B (ED3.02±0.36 mSv)(t=3.738,P=0.001)and group C (ED3.11±0.23)(t=3.725,P=0.001).Conclusion Double low scan-ning technique using the gem spectrum CT coronary artery angiography with 40% blending level of ASiR is able to provide better im-age quality than using conventional CCTA and to reduce the effective radiation dose and contrast dose.

XCL1 mediated by activation of mTOR pathway can promote the proliferation of drug-resistant breast cancer cell / 中国癌症杂志

Background and purpose: More than 90% of cancer patients are incurable because of drug resistance. Activation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in breast cancer, as a target for chemotherapy drugs has become a hot topic of breast cancer treatment. This study aimed to investigate the effect and mechanism of XCL1 on the proliferation of drug-resistant breast cancer cell, whether is related with the mTOR signaling pathway. Methods:Established gemcitabine-resistant breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231/Gem). CCK8 to detect the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-231/Gem, RT-PCR and ELISA to determine the XCL1 expression level of the two cell lines, Western blot to detect the expression of mTOR. Results:Compared with MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-231/Gem showed an enhanced proliferative capacity. The expression of XCL1 was increased in the resistant cell lines. Both of protein level and phosphorylation level of mTOR increased in drug-resistant cell lines. The MDA-MB-231 added exogenous XCL1 for 24 h, showed an enhanced cell proliferation. Adding anti-XCL1 antibodies in MDA-MB-231/Gem could reduce cell proliferation and treating MDA-MB-231/Gem with the mTOR inhibitor could also reduce cell proliferation, as well as the XCL1 expression level. Conclusion:XCL1 promotes the proliferation of drug-resistant breast cancer cells mediated by activation of the mTOR pathway.

Expression of TMS1/ASC gene and activation of caspase-Ⅰ and NF-κB induced by gemcitabine in pancreatic carcinoma cell line PANC-1 / 中华内分泌外科杂志

Objective To investigate the expression of TMS1/ASC gene induced by gemcitabine(GEM) in pancreatic carcinoma cell line PANC-1.To study the relationship between cysteine aspartase(caspase-1),nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB) and the expression of TMS1/ASC.Methods The pancreatic carcinoma cell line PANC-1 was cultured in Dnlbecco's modification of Eagle's medium(DMEM).Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT)method was used to measure the effect of GEM at different time points(24,48 h)at different concentrations(1,2,4,8,16 μg/ml) on growth of PANC-l.RT-PCR was used to detect the expression of TMS1/ASC mRNA stimulated by medium alone and by GEM(4.27μg/ml)for 24 h and 48 h.Western blot analysis was performed with inhibitory protein of NF-κB multiclonal antibody,caspase-1 multiclonal antibody and β-actin monoclonal antibody to observe the expression of β-actin,caspase-1 and IκBα in GEM group and in the control group.The activation state of caspase-1 and NF-κB was examined.Results GEM inhibited the growth of PANC-1 cells in a concentrationand-time-dependent manners and its half maximal inhibitory concentration(IC50)was 4.27 μg/ml on 24 h.The expression of TMS1/ASC was 0.3 ±0.004 and 0.63 ±0.007 respectively in GEM group while it was 0.1 ±0.001 and 0.21 ± 0.006 in the control group on 24h and 48h.The difference between the 2 groups at the same time point had statistical significance (P ＜ 0.01).Western blot showed that GEM caused the activation of caspase-1.The expression of IκBα had no obvious differencebetween the 2 groups.GEM couldn't induce the activation of NF-κB.Conclusions GEM can inhibit proliferation of PANC-1 cells and induce their apoptosis.The drug sensitivity decreased with prolongation of exposure time.GEM might induce and increase the expression of TMS1/ASC,which might influence the apoptosis of the cells later.The apoptosis of PANC-1 cells induced by GEM is dependent of caspase-1 signaling pathway and independent of NF-κB signaling pathway.

Epiblast embryo stem cells give origin to adult pluripotent cell populations: primordial germ cell, pericytic and haematopoyetic stem cells: a review / Las células madre del epiblasto dan origen a poblaciones de células pluripotentes adultas: células germinales primordiales, células madre pericíticas y hematopoyéticas: revisión

Adult stem cells are great promise to the future of regenerative therapy, and understanding of its embryonic origin permit the discrimination of stem cell sources. Embryonic stem cells derived from inner cell mass of blastocyst originate the primordial germ cells, and pericyte stem cell associated to vessels endothelium in yolk sac. Currently, it is being proposed that embryonic primordial germ cell could originate hematopoietic stem cells based on the detection of germ cell markers (SSEA-1/TEC-1, Oct-4 and Nanog) in stem cell harvested from fetal liver and bone marrow. However, different experimental evidence points at two separate differentiation routes toward primordial germ cells, and hematopoietic stem cell with the same embryonic origin. The expression of undifferentiated stem cell markers in umbilical cord and placental vessels, such CD34, CXCR4, c-kit and OCT4 demonstrates the intimate relation between pericyte stem cells, endothelium, haematopoiesis, and primordial germ cells, which all originate from embryonic stem cell from the inner cell mass epiblast.

Las células madre adultas son una gran promesa para el futuro de la terapia regenerativa, y la comprensión de su origen embrionario permite la discriminación de las fuentes de células madre. Las células madre embrionarias derivadas del macizo celular interno del blastocisto originan las células germinales primordiales, y células madre pericíticas asociadas al endotelio de los vasos del saco vitelino. En la actualidad, se propone que las células germinales primordiales embrionarias podrían originar a las células madre hematopoyéticas sobre la base de la detección de marcadores de células germinales (SSEA-1/TEC-1 oct-4 y Nanog) en células madre extraídas de hígado fetal y médula ósea. Sin embargo, diferentes evidencias experimentales apuntan hacia dos vías separadas de diferenciación en células germinales primordiales, y en células madre hematopoyéticas con el mismo origen embrionario. La expresión de marcadores de células madre no diferenciadas en el cordón umbilical y los vasos de la placenta, como CD34, CXCR4, c-kit y OcT4 demuestra la íntima relación entre las células madre pericíticas, el endotelio y las células germinales primordiales, las que se originan en células madre embrionarias a partir del epiblasto del macizo celular interno.

Evaluation of the Blood Gas Analyzer GEM Premier 4000 / 임상검사와정도관리

BACKGROUND: We evaluated the performance of the GEM Premier 4000 (Instrumentation Laboratory, USA), a new blood gas/electrolytes/co-oximetry analyzer, according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) guidelines. METHODS: Within-run precision, total-run precision, linearity and sample-related carryover were analyzed using quality control materials at three different concentration levels for each analytes. Correlation was compared with the routinely used NOVA CCX2 (Nova Biomedical, USA) with patients' whole blood samples. RESULTS: The within-run and the total-run precisions of the GEM Premier 4000 showed very low CV of 0.04~4.40% and 0.06~4.11%, respectively, in all parameters except the lactate, which had CV of 5.58% in Level 1 QC material. The system showed a good linearity (r2=0.997~1.000, systemic error=0.00~0.20%) for all items. Sample-related carryover was -4.35%~0.15%. In comparison with the NOVA CCX2 instrument, correlation was high in all parameters with the r value ranging from 0.983-0.999 except for carboxyhemoglobin (r=0.804) and methemoglobin (r=0.010) whose concentrations were in the lower level. CONCLUSIONS: GEM Premier 4000 showed good analytical performance required for blood gas analyzer in its precision, linearity, sample-related carryover, and close correlation with NOVA CCX2. It fulfills most of the requirements for both point-of-care and laboratory use.

Effect of keratinocyte growth factor receptor transgene on sodium channel in alveolar type Ⅱcells with LPS-induced acute hmg injury / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective To explore the effects of keratinocyte growth factor receptor (KGFR) transgene on sodium channel in alveolar type Ⅱ cells with LPS-induced acute lung injury, to provide the evidence for gene treatment in acute lung injury. Method Totally 40 male Sprague-Dawtey rats were randomly divided into four groups, including normal control (n=8), injured control (n=10), normal transgene (n=10) and injured transgene (n=12). The models of acute lung injury were produced using LPS, and the successful criteria was the obvious enlargement in the lung tissue. The rats in normal transgene group and injured transgene group were injected with 1 mL of KGFR adenovirus vector through rats' tail vein. At 72 hours later, the rats in injured control group and injured transgene group were injected with LPS in dose of 5 mg/kg (BW). While rats in normal control group and normal transgene group were injected with equivalent saline simultaneously. Another 48 hours later, rats in the four groups were killed. The lung tissue were collected for analysis. The expression of sodium channel in rats' alveolar type Ⅱ cells were detected by immunohistochemistry and immunoeectron microscope. Difference among the experimental groups were estimated by ANOVA analysis (LSD-t-test). There was statistical signifi-cance when P<0.05. Results The levels of sodium channel expression in rats' alveolar type Ⅱ cells were differ-era, with normal control group (47.7±3.33), normal transgene group (46.9±5.21), injured tramgene group (29.19±4.11) and injured control group (5.1±2.3). The level of sodium channel expression in injured trans-gene group was lower than that in normal transgene group (t=9.134, P<0.001) and normal control group (t=10.601,P<0.001), but signifieantly higher than that in injured control group (t=16.466, P<0.001). Conclusions The transgene vector can effectively promote the expression of sodium channel in alveolar type Ⅱ cells in rats with LPS-indueed acute lung injury, and can alleviate sodium and water reteraion in alveolar.

Effect of Large-dosage Shenmai Injection on Immune Function of Patients with Chemical Therapy after Pancreas Carcinectomy / 浙江中医药大学学报

[Objective] To observe the effect of large-dosage Shenmai Injection on the immune function of patients with chemical therapy after pancreas carcinectomy.[Method] Randomly divide 35 cases into treatment and control groups,the treatment one takes Shenmai Injection on the basis of control one taking GEM chemical therapy;measure both T lymphocyte sub-group CD3+,CD4+,CD8+ and the percentage of NK with direct immunofluorescence technology.[Result]The NK cell,sub-group percentage of CD3+T cell and CD4+/ CD8+ ratio are much more than that in control one,with statistical meaning(P

Clinical observation of GEM+NVB regimen in retreatment of 24 Advanced NSCLC treated by TAX+DDP regimen / 肿瘤研究与临床

Objective To appraise the efficacy,survival rate and toxicity of GEM+NVB regimen in retreatment of 24 Advanced NSCLC treated by TAX+DDP regimen.Methods 24 patients with Advanced NSCLC received chemotherapy of GEM+NVB regimen.We evaluate the efficacy,survival rate and toxicity after two periods.Results Among these 24 patients,there was no complete response.Rates of partial response is 29.2 %,the average survival period is 28 weeks.One year survival rate is 34.3 %.Conclusions GEM+NVB regimen is effective as second-line chemotherapy for the Advanced NSCLC patients that have ever been treaded by TAX+DDP regimen.

Interception Characteristics of MBR for Genetically Engineered Microorganism(GEM) at the Beginning of Operation / 微生物学通报

The leakage of genetically engineered microorganism(GEM) at the beginning of operation was the important content for ecological risk assessment when GEM was inoculated in a membrane bioreactor(MBR) for bioaugmentation. The effects of different operating conditions on leaking density and intercepting efficiency of GEM were investigated in a submerged microfiltration MBR at the beginning of operation. The interception characteristics were also discussed. The results showed that different operating conditions had different influences on intercepting efficiency:higher sludge concentration was profit for interception,while higher aeration intensity and flux had opposite effects on interception. When the inoculated density of GEM was 1.0?1010 CFU/mL,the leaking densities varied from 1.0?102 CFU/mL to 2.5?102 CFU/mL under different operating conditions at the beginning of operation and the maximum intercepting efficiency could be higher than 8 lg. The main factors determining intercepting efficiency at the beginning of operation were membrane module interception,sludge adsorption as well as suspended GEM transfer inhibition and their contribution shares under certain conditions were 82.3%,14.9% and 2.8%,respectively. Gel layer formation during MBR stable operation was helpful to increase intercepting efficiency. The contribution shares for GEM interception of membrane module,sludge and gel layer were 75.3%,10.7% and 14.0%,respectively,under certain conditions.

The Biotransformation of Atrazine and Influence Factors by Genetically Engineered Microorganism / 微生物学通报

The co-metabolic carbon sources,dynamics and influence factors of atrazine biotransformation by genetically engineered microor- ganism(GEM)were investigated in the paper.The results showed that glucose was superior to acetate as co-metabolic carbon sources.The concentration of carbon sources affected little on atrazine transformation but much on GEM growth.The specific transformation rate(STR)of atrazine was influenced not by cell density of GEM but by atrazine concentration.Monod model was used to simulate atrazine transformation dynamics and the parameters were v_(max)=0.168/h and Ks=30.49 mg/L.When temperature reduced,STR decreased markedly.The trans- formation was efficient in weak alkaline condition and was inhibited in acidic condition.To some extent,salinity did not affect transformation activity of GEM.Co~(2+),Fe~(2+),Fe~(3+),and Zn~(2+) improved atrazine transformation,but Mn~(2+),Ni~(2+) and Cu~(2+) inhibited atrazine transforma- tion.The results also showed that there existed a direct correlation between adsorption and transformation of atrazine by GEM.