Diagnostic value of LungPoint navigation combined with EBUS-GS & ROSE in peripheral pulmonary nodules

Background & objectives: Recently, there has been a surge to develop new devices and techniques for the diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary lesions such as the combination of LungPoint navigation and endobronchial ultrasound with a guide sheath (EBUS-GS). The present study aimed to explore the diagnostic value of LungPoint navigation in combination with EBUS-GS and rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) particularly for peripheral pulmonary nodules. Methods: Patients (n=108) with pulmonary nodules (10 mm ? nodal diameter ?30 mm) presenting to Henan Provincial People’s Hospital were detected using chest computed tomographic (CT) scanning and bronchoscopy. All patients were evaluated using LungPoint navigation, EBUS-GS and ROSE techniques to evaluate the positive rate of combined diagnosis using the three methods. Results: A total of 108 patients participated in this study and successfully underwent all the three procedures. Of these, 82 patients were accurately diagnosed, making the overall diagnostic rate of 75.9 per cent for combined LungPoint navigation, EBUS-GS, and ROSE analyses. Further subgroup analysis of the diagnostic rate of the three combined techniques were conducted based on the size of the nodules which showed a diagnostic rate of 65.3 per cent for 10 mm ? nodule diameter ?20 mm and 85.7 per cent for 20 mm ? nodal diameter ?30 mm. Of the 108 patients, 85 had solid nodules and 23 had ground-glass nodules; the positive rate of diagnosis of solid nodules was the highest. The patients ultimately were diagnosed with lung cancer with a positive rate of 83.5 per cent. The sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predicted values for ROSE were 90.3, 78.3, 84.8 and 83.6 per cent, respectively. Interpretation & conclusions: The combined use of the three techniques can effectively shorten the duration of the total diagnosis period and improve the safety of diagnosis without affecting the detection rate.

Infarto de miocardio en un modelo murino de hiperactividad simpática cardíaca / Myocardial Infarction in a Murine Model of Cardiac Sympathetic Hyperactivity

RESUMEN Introducción: La disautonomía es uno de los mecanismos fisiopatológicos principales que marcan el pronóstico de la cardiopatía isquémica y la insuficiencia cardíaca. La búsqueda de nuevas oportunidades de tratamiento requiere un conocimiento más profundo de los efectos cardíacos de la activación simpática crónica. Objetivos: Estudiar el tamaño del infarto y la función ventricular izquierda en un modelo de ratones transgénicos con sobreexpresión de la proteína Gs-α cardíaca en el contexto de la isquemia/reperfusión miocárdica y el infarto crónico. Material y métodos: Ratones transgénicos (TG) con sobreexpresión cardíaca de la subunidad alfa de la proteína Gs y sus respectivos controles wild-type (WT) fueron sometidos a isquemia miocárdica regional de 30 minutos con 2 horas de reperfusión (IR) o un infarto sin reperfusión (I) de 28 días de evolución. Se cuantificó el tamaño del infarto (TI) con cloruro de 2,3,5-trifeniltetrazolio y se evaluó la función ventricular izquierda mediante ecocardiografía y estudio hemodinámico. Cada grupo experimental estuvo acompañado por un grupo control (WT / TG Sham-2hrs y WT / TG Sham-28d). Resultados: No hubo diferencias significativas en el TI luego de la IR entre los ratones TG y WT (57,3 ± 3,5% vs 59,2±2,5%, respectivamente, p = NS). La frecuencia cardíaca en los ratones TG fue mayor durante el desarrollo de todo el protocolo. Con la infarto se observó un descenso de la fracción de eyección (WT: Sham-28d: 82 ± 2,4% vs I-28d: 44 ± 4% y TG: Sham-28d 89 ± 2% vs I-28d 42 ± 3%; p <0,05) conjuntamente con una disminución de la fracción de acortamiento (FA), y los cambios del área fraccional (CAF) del ventrículo izquierdo (VI) en comparación con los valores basales y sus respectivos grupos controles. Sin embargo, no se observaron diferencias entre los grupos WT y TG. Conclusión: la sobreexpresión de la proteína Gs-α cardíaca no aumenta el tamaño del infarto ni modifica la función ventricular izquierda en la isquemia/reperfusión aguda y en el infarto crónico en comparación con sus respectivos controles

ABSTRACT Background: Dysautonomia is one of the main pathophysiological mechanisms that define the prognosis of ischemic heart disease and heart failure. The search for new treatment opportunities requires a deeper understanding of the cardiac effects of chronic sympathetic activation. Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze left ventricular infarct size and ventricular function in a transgenic mouse model with overexpression of the cardiac Gs-α protein, in the context of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion and chronic infarction. Methods: Transgenic mice (TG) overexpressing cardiac Gs-α and its wild-type variant (WT) were subjected to 30-minute regional myocardial ischemia followed by 2-hour reperfusion (IR) or non- reperfusion (I) with a 28-day follow-up period. Infarct size (IS) was quantified using 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride and left ventricular function was evaluated by echocardiography and LV catheterization. Each experimental group was accompanied by a control group (WT/TG Sham-2hrs and WT/TG Sham-28d). Results: There were no significant differences in IS after IR between TG and WT mice (57.3 ± 3.5% vs. 59.2 ± 2.5%, respectively, p = NS). The heart rate in TG mice was higher throughout the experiment. With ischemia, a in ejection fraction (WT: Sham-28d: 82 ± 2.4% vs. I-28d: 44 ± 4% and TG: Sham-28d 89 ± 2% vs. I-28d 42 ± 3%; p <0.05) was observed together with a decrease in shortening fraction and left ventricular fractional area changes compared with baseline values and their respective control (Sham) groups. However, no differences were observed between the WT and TG groups. Conclusions: Cardiac Gs-α protein overexpression does not increase infarct size or modify left ventricular function in acute ischemia / reperfusion and chronic infarction compared with their respective controls.

Prevalencia del síndrome de Burnout en trabajadores de empresa termoeléctrica, Choloma, Honduras. Diciembre 2019 / Prevalence of Burnout syndrome in thermoelectric company workers, Choloma, Honduras. December 2019

Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia del Síndrome de Burnout en trabajadores de empresa termoeléctrica en Choloma, Honduras, diciembre 2019. Diseño: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, realizado en empresa termoeléctrica, Choloma, Honduras, con una muestra a conveniencia de 35 trabajadores del departamento de Mantenimiento Mecánico Motores, tomando en cuenta los criterios de inclusión, utilizando un cuestionario que incluyó los elementos sociolaborales y los componentes del Maslach Burnout Inventory- General Survey. Resultados: La prevalencia de síndrome de burnout obtenida al aplicar la Escala de Maslach Burnout Inventory en los trabajadores técnicos de empresa termoeléctrica es de 14% (5); con puntuaciones altas en las dimensiones de agotamiento emocional y cinismo/despersonalización y puntuaciones bajas en eficacia profesional. De los trabajadores encuestados, un 29% (10) se encuentra en riesgo moderado, pues presentan niveles altos en las dimensiones agotamiento o cinismo/despersonalización, o baja en eficacia profesional. El 43% (15) se encuentra en riesgo leve, debido a que puntuaron medio en 1 o 2 dimensiones. Conclusiones: A pesar de que la prevalencia del Síndrome de Burnout definido es baja, es importante resaltar que existe un porcentaje considerablemente alto de trabajadores en riesgo de desarrollar síndrome de burnout. Además, se evidencia que los trabajadores con Síndrome de Burnout oscilan entre los 20 y los 39 años, siendo la población más joven afectada por el síndrome de burnout. Palabras clave: Síndrome de burnout, síndrome de quemado, Maslach Burnout Inventory, Maslach Burnout Inventory-General survey, Personal Técnico, empresa termoeléctrica, MBI-GS

Comparison of structural integrity and functional status of corneal endothelium stored in Cornisol and Optisol-GS

Purpose: To compare the structural integrity and functional status of the donor corneas stored in Cornisol and Optisol-GS. Methods: Fifteen optical grade corneal donor buttons (6 pairs; 3 individual) obtained from Rotary Aravind International Eye Bank were used for the study. The left eye of the paired sample was preserved in Cornisol and the right in Optisol-GS. The three individual buttons were used for the baseline data. The corneas were assessed with slit lamp and specular microscope before and after storage time (7, 10, or 14 days). They were then immunostained for markers of structural integrity (ZO-1, Phalloidin) and functionality (Na+/K+ ATPase). The images were acquired using confocal microscope and analyzed using ImageJ software. Results: There was no difference in the clinical evaluation of the corneal layers between the two media. No marked variation was observed in the immunostaining data with reference to the storage period. Intact cellular integrity was identified in 91% (51%, 98%) [Median (min, max)] of cells in Cornisol and 94% (38%, 98%) cells in Optisol based on ZO-1 staining, comparable to the baseline data [87% (76%, 97%)]. Stress fibers were detected in 42.5% (1%, 88%) cells in Cornisol stored corneas and in 55% (11%, 94%) in Optisol when stained for actin cytoskeleton, which correlated with the presence of epithelial defect before storage and vacuolated endothelial cells after storage. No difference was observed between the two media based on the staining pattern for Na+/K+ ATPase. Conclusion: Cornisol and Optisol-GS are equivalent in maintaining the structural integrity and functionality of the donor corneas.

Factores Asociados A La Mortalidad De La Hemorragia Cerebral Intraparenquimatosa Espontánea En Pacientes Mayores De 50 Años De Edad Que Acudieron Al Hospital Teodoro Maldonado Carbo Durante El Año 2017 / Factors Associated With Mortality Of Spontaneous Intraparenchymal Cerebral Hemorrhage In Patients Over 50 Years Of Age Who Attended The Teodoro Maldonado Carbo Hospital During The Year 2017

Resumen Objetivos: Determinar los factores asociados a la mortalidad de la hemorragia cerebral intraparenquimatosa espontánea en pacientes mayores de 50 años de edad que acudieron al Hospital Teodoro Maldonado Carbo durante el año 2017. Materiales y métodos: Mediante un estudio observacional retrospectivo analítico, con 92 pacientes diagnosticados de hemorragia intraparenquimatosa espontánea primaria, se evaluaron las características demográficas, factores de riesgo, factores de mal pronóstico y la mortalidad a los 30 días. La Intracerebral Hemorrage Grading Scale (ICH-GS) fue aplicada en nuestra población para evaluar la correlación de los puntajes obtenidos con la mortalidad a los 30 días. Resultados: De los 92 pacientes, (edad media: 69 años, media de la Escala de Coma de Glasgow [GCS] al ingreso: 11 puntos, media del volumen supratentorial e infratentorial 36.63 y 13.92 ml respectivamente, localización del hematoma más frecuente: tálamo [21,74%]). La mortalidad a 30 días fue del 31,40%. En un análisis univariado, GCS (odds ratio [OR] = 2.20, intervalo de confianza [IC] del 95% = 1.04- 4.65, p <0,04), volumen infratentorial (OR = 3.74 por ml, IC del 95% = 1.25 a 11.120, p <0.02) y la extensión ventricular (OR = 5.43, IC 95% = 1.40-22.35, P = 0.02), fueron predictores significativos para la mortalidad a los 30 días. La correlación de Pearson mostró correlaciones de 0.6556 entre el puntaje ICH-GS y la mortalidad a 30 días (P < 0.001). Conclusión: El puntaje de la GCS al ingreso junto con el volumen infratentorial y la extensión intraventricular son predictores significativos de mortalidad a los 30 días en pacientes con Hemorragia intracerebral (HIC) primaria espontánea, siendo útil para identificar pacientes de alto riesgo a corto plazo.

Abstract Objective: To determine the factors associated with the mortality of spontaneous intraparenchymal cerebral hemorrhage in patients over 50 years old who attended the Teodoro Maldonado Carbo Hospital during 2017. Methods: A retrospective analytical observational study of 92 patients of diagnosis of spontaneous primary intraparenchymal hemorrhage, 30-day mortality was evaluated according to demographic characteristics, risk factors and poor prognostic factors. The Intracerebral Hemorrhage Grading Scale (ICH-GS) scale was applied in our population to evaluate the correlation of the scores obtained with the 30-day mortality. Results: From 92 patients (mean age: 69 years, mean Glasgow Coma Scale [GCS] on admission: 10, mean supratentorial and infratentorial volume, respectively 36.63 and 13.92 ml, most common hematoma location: thalamus (21.74%). at 30 days it was [31.40%]). In a univariate analysis, GCS (odds ratio [OR] = 2.20, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.04- 4.65, p <0.04), infratentorial volume (OR) = 3.74 per ml, 95% CI = 1.25 to 11,120, p <0.02) and the ventricular extension was (OR = 5.43, 95% CI = 1.40-22.35, P = 0.02) were significant predictors for 30-day mortality The Pearson correlation showed correlations of 0.6556 between the IC-GS score and the 30-day mortality (P <0.001). Conclusions: The GCS score at admission together with infratentorial volume and intraventricular extension are significant predictors of 30-day mortality in patients with primary spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage (ICH) being useful for identifying high-risk patients in the short term.

Whole process closed-loop traceability management for high-value consumables using international standard bar code / 中华医院管理杂志

Scientific management of high-value medical consumables is key to hospital development and service. By setting up a lean logistics management(SPD)platform in the hospital and decoding the international standard bar code(GS1/HIBC), the hospital has established a general coding library of high-value consumables. With RFID Internet of things technology and equipment introduced and business operation templates of each link combined, we have achieved a closed-loop management of both sides of the high-value consumables process.

A hybrid method for fundamental heart sound segmentation using group-sparsity denoising and variational mode decomposition

Segmentation of fundamental heart sounds–S1 and S2 is important for automated monitoring of cardiac activity including diagnosis of the heart diseases. This pa-per proposes a novel hybrid method for S1 and S2 heart sound segmentation using group sparsity denoising and variation mode decomposition (VMD) technique. In the proposed method, the measured phonocardiogram (PCG) signals are denoised using group sparsity algorithm by exploiting the group sparse (GS) property of PCG signals. The denoised GS-PCG signals are then decomposed into subsequent modes with specific spectral characteristics using VMD algorithm. The appropriate mode for further processing is selected based on mode central frequencies and mode energy. It is then followed by the extraction of Hilbert envelope (HEnv) and a thresholding on the selected mode to segment S1 and S2 heart sounds. The performance advantage of the proposed method is verified using PCG signals from benchmark databases namely eGeneralMedical, Littmann, Washington, and Michigan. The proposed hybrid algorithm has achieved a sensitivity of 100%, positive predictivity of 98%, accuracy of 98% and detection error rate of 1.5%. The promising results obtained suggest that proposed approach can be considered for automated heart sound segmentation.

Effect of transfer of donor corneal tissue from McCarey朘aufmann medium to Optisol-GS on corneal endothelium

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of transfer of donor corneal tissue from McCarey朘aufmann (MK) medium to Optisol-GS on corneal endothelium. Methods: This was a prospective, randomized comparative study. Twenty paired human donor corneal tissues of optical quality were retrieved. One tissue of the pair was preserved in Optisol-GS preservative medium (Group A) and other tissue of the pair in MK medium (Group B) at the time of corneoscleral disc excision. Within 12 h of retrieval, each cornea was evaluated using slit-lamp biomicroscopic examination and specular microscopic analysis. Group B corneas were transferred to Optisol-GS medium within 48� h of retrieval. Specular analysis of the paired corneas was repeated 3 h after transferring to Optisol-GS. On day 7 of storage, specular analysis of both the tissues was repeated. Results: The average age of the donor at the time of death was 29 years (16� years). The reduction in endothelial cell count, from baseline, in Groups A and B was 5.5% and 5.8% (P = 0.938) on the 3rd day and 8.2% and 12.6% (P = 0.025) on the 7th day, respectively, postretrieval. The coefficient of variation (CV) increased by 36% (P = 0.021) and hexagonality reduced by 19% (P = 0.007) on day 7. All tissues retained an endothelial cell density higher than the accepted critical level for penetrating keratoplasty. Conclusion: Significant endothelial cell loss was noted while transferring tissues from one medium to another, necessitating the need for reevaluation of transferred tissues before utilization.

Differences of photosynthetic characters among typical geographic populations in of Houttuynia Thunb / 中草药

Objective: To select outstanding germplasms of Houttuynia Thunb. Methods: Take diffrent geographical Houttuynia Thunb. taxa as materials, to compare their morphological properties. Their differences in photosynthesis at normal temperature, heat (40 ℃), cold (5 ℃), and drought (70% soil water holding capacity) conditions were studied by Li-6400 Portable Photosynthesis Instrument. Results: The morphological differences of six taxa mainly manifested as plant color, main stem height, internode length of aerial stems, leaf length and leaf width. Pn (Photosynthetic rate) was not significantly different among the six taxa under normal conditions, and Tr (Transpiration rate), Gs (Stomatal conductance) and WUE (Water use efficiency) differ significantly only among a few taxa. By contrast, adverse treatment could substantially decrease Pn, Tr and Gs, but increase WUE. The differences in Pn, Tr and Gs were significant only among multiple taxa, while the difference in WUE was significant among all taxa. The alteration trends of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in EM (from Mount Emei) and HH (from Hunan Huaihua) after adverse treatments were very similar. The energy transfer efficiency and conversion efficiency of PS II were significantly decreased, and the proportion of non-photochemical reaction increased significantly. Conclusion: Rugao Houttuynia cordata taxon which from high latitude has a low temperature resistance characteristics. Houttuynia taxa with strong tolerance to heat and cold are from Southwest and South-central China. The photosynthetic stress tolerance of each group was closely related to the ecoclimatic conditions of its origin. It had strong resistance to drought in Southwest China and South China, which was a good material for selection of resistant cultivars of Houttuynia cordata Thunb.

Survivability of freeze-dried probiotic Pediococcus pentosaceus strains GS4,GS17 and Lactobacillus gasseri(ATCC 19992)during storage with commonly used pharmaceutical excipients within a period of 120 days

Objective: To examine the survivability and stability of probiotic strains in presence and absence of pharmaceutical excipients for a long period of time at (4 ± 1) ℃. Methods: The survival rates of probiotic strains, Pediococcus pentosaceus GS4 (MTCC12683)(NCBI HM044322),GS17(NCBI KJ608061)and Lactobacillus gasseri (ATCC 19992), were evaluated. Probiotic strains were lyophilized individually and in combination of excipients (sorbitol, ascorbic acid, fructose and skim milk). The prepa-ration was monitored for 120 d storing at(4 ± 1) ℃.During storage,all the preparations were evaluated for viability and stability of probiotic properties like lactic acid produc-tion, antimicrobial effect,water activity,and adherence to epithelial cells. Results: Sorbitol,ascorbic acid and skim milk favoured the viability of freeze-dried cells and sustained probiotic properties during storage. Without excipients (control group), strains showed percentage of survivability not more than 70% while strains with excip-ients survived for 73%–93% for a long period of time. Conclusions: Commonly used excipients can be considered as a vehicle for delivering active principle in probiotic formulation and for sustaining the viability and stability of probiotic strains for a period of 120 d.

Effect of water extract from Jiangtang Decoction on PI3K/Akt signal pathway of skeletal muscle metabolism in KK-Ay diabetic mice / 药物评价研究

Objective To explore the effects of water extract from Jiangtang Decoction (WEJTD) on PI3K/Akt signal pathway of skeletal muscle metabolism in KK-Ay diabetic mice.Methods Totally 50 KK-Ay mice were randomly divided into five groups:model group,metformin (positive drug,250 mg/kg) group,WEJTD low,medium,and high dose (2,4,and 8 g/kg) group,with 10 C57BL/6J mice as normal group.The relative drugs were ig administered once a day for 12 weeks,and mice in control group and model group were perfused with distilled water of equal volume.After 12 weeks' oral administration,mice were executed to separate serum,serum insulin level was detected by ELISA kit method;RNA was extracted from muscle tissue by Trizol,and real-time PCR were used to detect the level of PI3K,Akt,GLUT-4,GSK-3β,GS and IRS-1 mRNA.Results WEJTD can down-regulate concentration of insulin in serum and GSK-3β mRNA in skeletal muscle (P ＜ 0.05 and 0.001),and down-regulate mRNA of PI3K,Akt,IRS-1,GLUT-4,and GS in skeletal muscle (P ＜ 0.05,0.01,and 0.001).Conclusion WEJTD decreased glycogen deposition and stimulated glucose transport in skeletal muscle through upregulation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

Survivability of freeze-dried probiotic Pediococcus pentosaceus strains GS4, GS17 and Lactobacillus gasseri (ATCC 19992) during storage with commonly used pharmaceutical excipients within a period of 120 days

Objective To examine the survivability and stability of probiotic strains in presence and absence of pharmaceutical excipients for a long period of time at (4 ± 1) °C. Methods The survival rates of probiotic strains, Pediococcus pentosaceus GS4 (MTCC12683) (NCBI HM044322), GS17 (NCBI KJ608061) and Lactobacillus gasseri (ATCC 19992), were evaluated. Probiotic strains were lyophilized individually and in combination of excipients (sorbitol, ascorbic acid, fructose and skim milk). The preparation was monitored for 120 d storing at (4 ± 1) °C. During storage, all the preparations were evaluated for viability and stability of probiotic properties like lactic acid production, antimicrobial effect, water activity, and adherence to epithelial cells. Results Sorbitol, ascorbic acid and skim milk favoured the viability of freeze-dried cells and sustained probiotic properties during storage. Without excipients (control group), strains showed percentage of survivability not more than 70% while strains with excipients survived for 73%–93% for a long period of time. Conclusions Commonly used excipients can be considered as a vehicle for delivering active principle in probiotic formulation and for sustaining the viability and stability of probiotic strains for a period of 120 d.

Multipotent male germline stem cells (mGSCs) from neonate porcine testis

ABSTRACT Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) are the foundation of spermatogenesis, during which unlimited spermatozoa is produced daily derived from SSCs in the testis throughout life of the male. Germline stem (GS) cells can be isolated from spermatogonia, which shared the characteristics of SSCs and embryonic stem cells (ESCs), and can be passaged stably in vitro. The study of GS cells contributes to understanding spermatogenesis process. However, little is known about the GS cells in domestic animals. Here, we report the successful establishment of a serum- and feeder-free system for multipotent male GS cells (mGSCs) from postnatal porcine testis. These cells expressed pluripotent markers, such as Oct4, Nanog, C-myc, and germline-specific markers including Vasa, CD90, CD49f, Gfrα1, Plzf and Dazl. Then we assayed the developmental potential of these cells in vitro. The porcine multipotent male germline stem cells (pmGSCs) can form embryoid bodies (EBs) by suspension culture. Immunofluorescence analysis showed that the EBs differentiated into neuron-specific enolase (NSE, ectoderm), α-actin (mesoderm), and Pdx1 (endoderm) positive cells. These cells induced by 10-6 M retinoic acid (RA) could be differentiated into spermatid-like cells which were positive for Acrosin. The pmGSCs has been cultured over 14 passages. Thus, we have established a long-term culture system for pmGSCs. This culture system provides a platform for the study of porcine mGSCs.

Investigation on Job Burnout in Doctors of Oral Health in Hainan Province / 昆明医科大学学报

Objective In order to find out the properly corresponding solutions of stomatology doctors' profession exhaustion,we investigated and analyzed the current situations and the influential factors.The solutions would help stomatology doctors improve the working efficiency and the enthusiasm to job.Methods The survey was conducted using MBI-GS questionnaire.Results Among all the participants 52％ had a certain degree of emotional exhaustion,58％ had emotional exhaustion,61％ were cynic and had doubts about personal accomplishments.Females were even worse than the male in emotional exhaustion.Significant correlation was found between wage satisfaction and oral health care provider's emotions (P＜0.05) No significant relationship was seen between the marital status and different nature of the unit,and the score was not statistically significant (P＞0.05).No obvious difference wss observed in different professional titles.Concltsion In Hainan Area,the stomatology doctors have partly job burnout,according to these surveys,we now taking diversified and adjusted measures to make corrections and prevent the job burnout.

Diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary lesions using endorbronchial ultrasonography with a guide sheath combination with virtual bronchoscopic navigation / 中国内镜杂志

Objective To assess the diagnosis value of endorbronchial ultrasonography with a guide sheath combination with virtual bronchoscopic navigation at peripheral lung lesions. Methods 23 patients with lung peripheral lesions, 10 cases male, 13 cases female, age 29~78, the median age of 61, were retrospectively analyzed by diagnosised with EBUS-GS-TBLB combination VBN from March 2015 to December 2015. Results 23 cases of patients, 8 cases of adenocarcinoma, squamous carcinoma in 5 cases, mixed carcinoma in 1 case, 1 case of small cell carcinoma and lung metastatic carcinoma in 1 case, 2 cases were tuberculosis, 1 case of inflammation, 4 cases were negative. The total positive rate was 82.6%. Conclusion EBUS-GS-TBLB combination with VBN to the diagnosis of lung lesions with high positive rate, it is worthy of promoting clinically.

Gene optimization and efficient expression of Trichoderma reesei Cel5A in Pichia pastoris / 生物工程学报

Deficient activity of endo-1,4-beta-glucanase II (Cel5A) secreted by Trichoderma reesei is one of the challenges involved in effective cellulase saccharification of cellulosic substrates. Therefore, we expressed Cel5A in Pichia pastoris by constructing a recombinant strain. With the gene optimization based on codon bias, and the construction of expression vector pPIC9K-eg2, the optimized gene was electro-transformed into P. pastoris GS115 to form transformants. Then, a high Cel5A activity producing recombinant, namely P. pastoris GS115-EG Ⅱ, was selected on G-418 resistant plates, followed by shake-flask cultivation. Enzyme characterization showed that the recombinant Cel5A reacted optimally at pH 4.5 and 60 ℃, with 50 kDa of molecular weight, preferentially degrading amorphous cellulose. Recombinant Cel5A was not significantly different from the native T. reesei Cel5A. Moreover, a shake-flask fermentation of the recombinant strain was optimized as below: incubation temperature 28 ℃, initial pH 5.0, inoculum volume 2%, methanol addition (per 24 h) 1.5% (V/V), sorbitol addition (per 24 h) 4 g/L and Tween 80 4 g/L. Under above optimized condition, the recombinant produced 24.0 U/mL of the Cel5A after 192 h fermentation. When incubated in a 5 L fermentation, Cel5A enzyme activity reached 270.9 U/mL at 180 h, with 4.16 g/L of the total protein. The study indicates that the recombinant strain P. pastoris GS115-EG Ⅱ is extremely suitable for heterologous expression of T. reesei cellulase Cel5A. And the recombinant Cel5A can be used as an alternative to the native T. reesei Cel5A in development of a commercially relevant enzyme based biorefinery process.

Transcriptome characterization of Ephedra sinica with 454 ESTs / 中国中药杂志

Using the latest 454 GS FLX platform and Titanium regent, a substantial expressed sequence tag (ESTs) dataset of Ephedra sinica was produced, and the profile of gene expression and function gene of which were investigated. A total of 48 389 reads with an average length of 373 bp were generated. These 454 reads were assembled into 18 801 unigenes, which were all 454 sequencing identified. A total number of 10 531 unigenes(56.0%) were annotated using BLAST searches (E-value≤1×10⁻⁵) against the Nr, Nt, TAIR, SwissProt and KEGG databases. With respect to genes related to ephedrine biosynthesis, 19 unigenes(encoding 9 enzymes) were found. A total of 97 putative genes encoding cytochrome P450s were also discovered. Data presented in this study will provide an important resource for the scientific community that is interested in the functional genomics and secondary metabolism of E. sinica.

Ginsenoside Re Enriched Fraction (GS-F3K1) from Ginseng Berries Ameliorates Ethanol-Induced Erectile Dysfunction via Nitric Oxide-cGMP Pathway

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a highly prevalent disorder that affects millions of men and considered to be an early symptom of atherosclerosis and a precursor of various systemic vascular disorders. The aim of the present study was to prepare ginsenoside Re enriched fraction (GS-F3K1, ginsenoside Re 10%, w/w) from ginseng berries flesh and to investigate the enhanced activities of GS-F3K1 on alcohol-induced ED. GS-F3K1 was prepared by the continuous liquid and solid separating centrifugation and circulatory ultrafiltration from ginseng berries flesh. GS-F3K1 was administered for 5 weeks in ethanol-induced ED rat by oral administration of 20% ethanol. To investigate the effects of GS-F3K1 on ED model, the levels of nitrite expression, cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and erectile response of the penile corpus cavernosum of rat were measured. The erectile response of the corpus cavernosum was restored after GS-F3K1 administration, to a level similar to the normal group. The level of nitrite and cGMP expression in the corpus cavernosum of GS-F3K1-administered male rats was increased significantly compared to positive control group. GS-F3K1 from ginseng berries should effectively restore ethanol-induced ED in male rats and could be developed as a new functional food for the elderly men.

A Female Case of Goldenhar Syndrome with Mandibular Hypoplasia and Aural Involvement.

Goldenhar syndrome (GS) is a poly-malformation syndrome, also defined as oculo-auricolo-vertebral dysplasia with hemifacial microsomia. It is a rare congenital defect involving first and second branchial arches. The aetiology is not known. The most supported hypothesis is based on the abnormal embryonic vascular supply after mesodermal migration. Autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive and multifactorial modes of inheritance have been reported. We report the case of a female neonate affected by hemifacial microsomia and presence of pre-auricular tragi. Patients were subjected to computed tomography scan and MRI that revealed a mandibular unilateral hypoplasia without association of skeleton, brain and ocular alteration. The purpose of our study was to define the important role of the CT and MRI in the diagnosis of this poly-marformation syndrome.

Impacts of Danhong Injection on Physiological and Biochemical Indicators in Mice / 医药导报

Objective To explore the impacts of Danhong injection on physiological and biochemical indicators in malnourished mice at physiological low doses, evaluate its safety, and test the practical value of safety re-evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicinal ( TCM) injections. Methods A total of 32 ICR mice during growth period were selected to set up corn deficient nutrition mice model. Mice were assigned into the normal control group (given 0. 9% saline), Danhong injection at low, medium and high dosages (0. 2, 0. 4 and 0. 6 mL) groups (n=8 in each group);Mice were administered with respective medications intraperitoneally for 7 consecutive days. Blood samples were taken and mice were executed on the 8th day. All 9 kinds of organ or tissue were obtained completely, to measure related physiological and serum biochemical parameters. The safety of Danhong injection was evaluated by using Benefit and Damage Index - General Score ( BDI-GS ) system. Results The Danhong injection showed only slight damages on major organs or tissues, the BDI values were all above 0. 85, and the GS values were all above 9. 0;BDI values for Danhong injection at different dosages were all above 1. 0 for spleen and pancreas, showing better replenishing and healthy effects, and the differences were of statistical significance compared with the normal control group (P<0. 05 or P<0. 01). Meanwhile, it exerted obviously hypoglycemic effect. Conclusion Danhong injection is of rather low risk under physiological dosages, and therefore is safe to use. The mal-nutrition model combined with the BDI-GS system may be developed as a novel approach for safety re-evaluation of TCM injection in clinic.