Prevention of age related diseases through application of gso.ba rig.pa wisdom and products.

The number of aging population is increasing worldwide and putting enormous pressure on public health system in every country. Therefore, it is of crucial importance to focus on prevention of age related disorders through various means, both from modern and ancient healing systems. An integrated approach is better than single system in dealing with not only the age related disorders, but also any health issues of all human beings This paper will attempt to list down all the chud.len and their ingredients and the methods of preparation, so that the people of the world can have access to such ancient wisdom. The dietary practices and menu for healthy diet during old age as per the gso.ba-rig.pa system will also be included and behaviour practices as per the season and climatic conditions will be highlighted. An attempt will also be made to introduce the concept of spiritual practices of longevity through visualization of Amitayus or other personal deities, and recitation of long life mantras and prayers. Lastly, the process of dissolution and graceful dying as per gso.ba-rig.pa principles and practice will be covered as death is inevitable.

The concept of gso-ba rig.pa.

In gSo-ba-Rigpa, the fundamental healing philosophy is the concept of three somatic humors (basic types of energy or functional principles): rLung (from ether and air), mkhris.pa (from fire and water), and Bad.kan (from water and earth). According to the principles of gSo.ba rig.pa, they are present in everyone and everything. rLung is the energy of movement. Mkhris.pa is the energy of digestion or metabolism. Bad.kan is the energy of lubrication and structure. Although all three somatic humors are present in everyone, one is usually predominant in any given individual. gSo.ba rig.pa medicine sees disease as a result of an excess or deficiency in rlung, mkhris.pa, or bad.kan, and also the presence of toxins. Good health indicates a balance of these three energies in a body that is relatively toxin-free. In gSo.ba-Rig.pa, herbs are used to treat illness to restore this balance. For example herbs that deal with energy or movement are used to achieve rlung equillibrium. Herbs that treat digestion, assimilation, absorption, and metabolism balance the mkhris.pa, and those herbs used to treat structure and musculoskeletal system (the "glue" that holds the body together) disorders restore bad kan balance.

Performance Characteristics of 3D GSO PET/CT Scanner (Philips GEMINI PET/CT) / 대한핵의학회잡지

PURPOSE: Philips GEMINI is a newly introduced whole-body GSO PET/CT scanner. In this study, performance of the scanner including spatial resolution, sensitivity, scatter fraction, noise equivalent count ratio (NECR) was measured utilizing NEMA NU2-2001 standard protocol and compared with performance of LSO, BGO crystal scanner. METHODS: GEMINI is composed of the Philips ALLEGRO PET and MX8000 D multi-slice CT scanners. The PET scanner has 28 detector segments which have an array of 29 by 22 GSO crystals (4x6x20 mm), covering axial FOV of 18 cm. PET data to measure spatial resolution, sensitivity, scatter fraction, and NECR were acquired in 3D mode according to the NEMA NU2 protocols (coincidence window: 8 ns, energy window: 409~664 keV). For the measurement of spatial resolution, images were reconstructed with FBP using ramp filter and an iterative reconstruction algorithm, 3D RAMLA. Data for sensitivity measurement were acquired using NEMA sensitivity phantom filled with F-18 solution and surrounded by 1~5 aluminum sleeves after we confirmed that dead time loss did not exceed 1%. To measure NECR and scatter fraction, 1110 MBq of F-18 solution was injected into a NEMA scatter phantom with a length of 70 cm and dynamic scan with 20-min frame duration was acquired for 7 half-lives. Oblique sinograms were collapsed into transaxial slices using single slice rebinning method, and true to background (scatter + random) ratio for each slice and frame was estimated. Scatter fraction was determined by averaging the true to background ratio of last 3 frames in which the dead time loss was below 1%. RESULTS: Transverse and axial resolutions at 1cm radius were (1) 5.3 and 6.5 mm (FBP), (2) 5.1 and 5.9 mm (3D RAMLA). Transverse radial, transverse tangential, and axial resolution at 10 cm were (1) 5.7, 5.7, and 7.0 mm (FBP), (2) 5.4, 5.4, and 6.4 mm (3D RAMLA). Attenuation free values of sensitivity were 3, 620 counts/sec/MBq at the center of transaxial FOV and 4, 324 counts/sec/MBq at 10 cm offset from the center. Scatter fraction was 40.6%, and peak true count rate and NECR were 88.9 kcps @ 12.9 kBq/mL and 34.3 kcps @ 8.84 kBq/mL. These characteristics are better than that of ECAT EXACT PET scanner with BGO crystal. CONCLUSION: The results of this field test demonstrate high resolution, sensitivity and count rate performance of the 3D PET/CT scanner with GSO crystal. The data provided here will be useful for the comparative study with other 3D PET/CT scanners using BGO or LSO crystals.