Juego online : tratamiento de un caso de adicción a apuestas deportivas / Online gambling: A treatment for sports betting addiction

Resumen Antecedentes : el juego de azar online (apuestas, juegos de casino, póquer, etc.) es una actividad que se está extendiendo mundialmente, incluso en los países en los cuales todavía no está legalizado. A pesar de que la situación en Latinoamérica es de lo más diversa, es probable que conforme se desarrolle y promocione el juego online aparezcan problemas de adicción, de forma similar a lo que está ocurriendo en España desde que este tipo de juegos se legalizó en 2011. De manera que la ciencia psicológica debe ir desarrollando programas de tratamiento que hagan frente a la nueva realidad. Objetivo: el artículo presenta el procedimiento seguido para el tratamiento de un joven con problema de adicción a las apuestas deportivas. Método: la propuesta de tratamiento tiene una orientación conductual-cognitiva, en la que se produjo descondicionamiento de las situaciones de juego, entrenamiento en habilidades para prevenir recaídas y superar situaciones de riesgo, así como información de los riesgos del juego, cambio de actitudes hacia las apuestas y promoción de un estilo de vida saludable incompatible con el juego excesivo. Resultados: se describen tanto las fases del tratamiento como el fundamento teórico de la propuesta de intervención. El paciente, con un diagnóstico de trastorno de juego grave, redujo los criterios de trastorno por juegos de apuesta, así como el Índice de Gravedad de Síntomas clínicos. Conclusiones: se ha desarrollado un protocolo de tratamiento de la adicción al juego online basado en los principios de la motivación y el aprendizaje que ha resultado ser eficaz en la reducción de la conducta de juego y la consolidación de un nuevo estilo de vida saludable.

Abstract Background : Online gambling (bets, casino games, poker, etc.) is an activity that is spreading worldwide, even in countries where it is not yet legalized. Although the situation in Latin America is very heterogeneous, it is possible that, as online gambling is developed and promoted, addiction problems arise. This has already happened in Spain since the legalization of online gambling in 2011. Thus, psychology should be developing intervention programs to face this new scenario. Goal: This paper describes the treatment protocol for a young man with sports betting addiction. Method: The treatment proposal consisted in a cognitive behavioral therapy which focused on deconditioning of gambling situations; training of skills needed to prevent relapses and overcome risky situations; information on gambling risks; change of attitude towards gambling; and promotion of a healthy lifestyle incompatible with gambling addiction. Results: Both the treatment phases and the theoretical basis of the intervention proposal are described. The patient, diagnosed with a severe gambling disorder, showed improvements in the gambling disorder criteria and the Symptom Severity Scale Score. Conclusions: A treatment protocol for online gambling addiction, which is based on the principles of motivation and learning, has been developed. This protocol has demonstrated to be effective in reducing gambling behavior and promoting a new healthy lifestyle.

Las adicciones no relacionadas a sustancias (DSM-5, APA, 2013): un primer paso hacia la inclusión de las adicciones conductuales en las clasificaciones categoriales vigentes / Non-substance related addictions (DSM-5, APA 2013): A first step towards the inclusion of Behavioral Addictions in current categorical classifications

Se evalúan los cambios en la nomenclatura de las Adicciones en el DSM-5 y la inclusión de una nueva categoría dentro de las mismas, a la que denomina "Trastornos no relacionados a sustancias" y con la cual se designa a las llamadas adicciones conductuales. Dentro ella se incluye como única patología aprobada al juego patológico o ludopatía con un nuevo rótulo: "Trastorno por juego de apuestas". El inconveniente de tal etiqueta diagnóstica para su aceptación y uso por el público en general es que puede dar lugar al supuesto erróneo de que la práctica del juego genera siempre enfermedad. Por otro lado, sin embargo, el considerar al juego patológico una adicción y no un trastorno del control de impulsos ha sido un gran avance. Lamentablemente no fue incluida la "Adicción a Internet" en el nuevo rubro, pese a su enorme y creciente importancia mundial. Se describen además las características clínicas de esta última enfermedad

Changes in DSM-5 nomenclature of Addictions are evaluated and commented upon. Particular attention is paid to the inclusion of a new category named "Non-substance related Disorders" which designates the so-called behavioral addictions. The only entity accepted here is pathological gambling or ludopathy, using the new label "Gambling Addiction". The inconvenience of such label for its acceptance and use by the general public is that it may lead to the erroneous assumption that the practice o gambling can always cause the illness. On the other hand, however, considering pathological gambling as an addiction and not an impulse control disorder constitutes a great step forward. Regrettably "Internet Addiction" has not been included under the new rubric, in spite of its enormous and growing relevance across the world. The clinical characteristics of the latter are described

Relation of negative emotions to erroneous gambling cognition and gambling addiction in college students / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objective:To explore the relation of negative emotions to erroneous gambling cognition and gambling addiction in college students.Methods:Totally 357 college students in Macau were selected and assessed with the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS),Gambling Related Cognition Scale (GRCS) and South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS).Bootstrap was used to test the mediating effect.Results:The students with higher erroneous gambling cognition got higher scores on negative emotions and addiction gambling than low-score group with erroneous gambling cognition (Ps ＜0.01).Mediating effect test showed that the direct effect of negative emotions on gambling addiction was 0.14,and the indirect effect was 0.05 (Ps ＜0.05).The indirect effect accounted for the total effect 26.3％.Conclusion:It suggests that negative emotions not only have direct effect on gambling addiction,but also have indirect effect on gambling addiction through erroneous gambling related cognition.

Job Analysis and Curriculum Development for Gambling Addiction Prevention Counselors based on DACUM / 정신간호학회지

PURPOSE: Recently, gambling problem have increased in Korea and the prevalence rate is much higher than in western countries. Prevention of gambling addiction is very important at this point, but we have no accreditation or certification system for gambling addiction prevention counselors. The purpose of this study was to analyze the job and to develope a curriculum for Gambling Addiction Prevention Counselor (GAPC). METHODS: The definition of GAPC, job analysis and curriculum development were done based on developing a curriculum(DACUM) method. RESULTS: The duties performed by GAPC are categorized as planning & implementing, public education, outcome evaluation and professional development, which are classified into 8 tasks. The curriculum for training GAPC had 20 lectures covering 6 subjects: Introduction to gambling addiction, Prevention policy & institute, Methods of prevention education, Development of prevention programs, Prevention programs for target population, Empowerment for prevention counselors. Among the total 50 hours, 27 were for theory and 23 for practice. The mean of CVI (Content Validity Index) was 77 by multidisciplinary professional panels. CONCLUSION: The specific tasks for gambling addiction prevention activities can be identified and curriculum developed for utilization in training GAPCs.