Impact of loss of a spouse on self-rated health among middle-aged and elderly populations in China / 预防医学

Objective@#To evaluate the impact of loss of a spouse on self-rated health among middle-aged and elderly populations in China, so as to provide insights into health promotion among middle-aged and elderly populations with loss of a spouse. @*Methods@#Based the 2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) database, married and separated individuals or individuals with loss of a spouse at ages of 45 years and older and with monthly household consumption of no less than 100 yuan were enrolled. Subjects' age, gender, educational levels, marital status, monthly household consumption, number of chronic diseases and self-rated health were collected. Subjects were classified according to loss of a spouse, and the impact of loss of a spouse on self-rated health was evaluated among middle-aged and elderly populations using propensity score matching (PSM). In addition, heterogeneity test was performed to evaluate the gender- and educational level-stratified impacts.@*Results@#Totally 3 272 valid subjects were enrolled, including 1 618 men (49.45%) and 1 654 women (50.55%), and there were 512 subjects with loss of a spouse (15.65%). There were 656 subjects with very good self-rated health (20.05%), 622 with good health (19.01%), 1 534 with fair health (46.88%), 376 with poor health (11.49%) and 84 with very poor health (2.57%). There were 3 152 couples with successful nearest neighbor matching, and there was no significant difference between the subjects with and without loss of a spouse after adjustment for variables (P>0.05), while the overall fitting degree of the model was good following matching. PSM showed that the self-rated health became poor following loss of a spouse among middle-aged and elderly populations, with average treatment effect (ATT) of 0.055 to 0.061, and a remarkably negative effect of loss of a spouse on self-rated health was seen in women, with ATT of 0.192 to 0.223, while no remarkable effect was seen in men. Loss of a spouse showed a remarkably negative effect on self-rated health among individuals receiving junior and senior high educations, with ATT of 0.048 to 0.057, but presented no remarkable effect on self-rated health among individuals receiving primary educations. @*Conclusions @#Loss of a spouse presents a negative effect on self-rated health among middle-aged and elderly populations, and remarkably negative effects are seen among women and individuals receiving high educational levels.

Factores relacionados con la higiene personal de la calle niños en el sitio de disposición final de residuos en Distrito de Mangagala, ciudad de Makassar, Indonesia / Factors related to personal hygiene of street children in the final waste disposal site in Manggala district, Makassar city, Indonesia

Background. Street children are a real phenomenon in everyday life that cause complex social and health problems, dirty appearance, come from poor families, slum settlements or even street children do not have a place to live. The number of homeless people, beggars and street children has decreased, there were 990 street children and homeless people with beggars in Makassar City in 2012. There were 798 street children in Makassar City in 2016 who were recorded by Social Service officers from a number of points. Makassar road with various problems. This number includes 257 street children, 249 homeless and beggars, 58 buskers, 41 prostitutes, 5 transgender women, 63 drug users, and 125 mental disorders. The results of the observations of street children were found with traffic light and garbage disposal sites. These places are often found with dirty, dirty appearance, dirty clothes, smelly, unkempt hair, dirty hands, not wearing sandals and sometimes they eat without washing their hands, which can cause health problems for street children. Based on this background, the researcher is interested in examining the factors related to the personal hygiene of street children in the final waste disposal site in Manggala District, Makassar City. Material and Methods. The research is analytic observation using the Cross-Sectional study. The study was conducted in 21 October 2019 - 31 December 2019. The population was the patients with street children numbered 88 people, a purposive sampling technique was applied through chic square, uji continuity correction and multiple logistic regression analysis. Results. The results showed that the variables age, gender, education and knowledge had a relationship with personal hygiene (pvalue 0.035), the R-square value was 0.897, which means that the ability of the independent variable to explain the dependent variable was 89.7% and 10.3% explained. by factors other than variables. Conclusion. Knowledge variable has a significant effect on personal hygiene (pvalue <0.001), the magnitude of the influence is indicated by the value of Exp (B) 26.6, which means that street children who are knowledgeable are at least 26.6 times less likely to have personal hygiene than street children with good knowledge

El proceso de formación de los jóvenes universitarios en la concepción de educación de género y valores cívicos / The process of the university youths' training on gender education and civic values

La cultura es el resultado de la aprehensión por parte del individuo de las influencias de cada contexto donde se ubica y se establecen las manifestaciones identitarias socioculturales de su grupo y, además, las de género, derivadas de los procesos formativos en diversas instituciones. Las universidades en Cuba tienen el compromiso de formar hombres con una elevada cultura profesional y general que le permita adoptar una actitud transformadora ante los retos de la nueva sociedad y comportamientos responsables en todas las esferas de la vida; sin embargo, de acuerdo con las observaciones, los intercambios y la práctica profesional, no siempre se revelan conductas adecuadas, por lo que en este trabajo se ofrecen algunas consideraciones en torno a la expresión de la identidad de género y los valores cívicos, como resultados de la asimilación de pautas establecidas en los ambientes donde se desarrollan los estudiantes universitarios

Culture is the result of the apprehension by the individual of the influences of each context where the social and cultural identity manifestations are established and besides, those of gender, derived from the training processes in several institutions. Universities in Cuba have the commitment of training men with a high professional and general culture that allows them to adopt a transforming attitude when facing the challenges of the new society and responsible behaviors in all the spheres of the life; however, according to observations, exchanges and professional practice, appropriate behaviors are not always exposed, so that some considerations regarding the expression of gender identity and the civic values are exposed in this work, as results of the assimilation of rules settled down in the environment where the university students are trained

Condiciones para el empoderamiento de la mujer rural en Colombia

El artículo investiga la evolución de las condiciones de empoderamiento de la mujer rural colombiana. Se hace un seguimiento comparativo entre géneros de las condiciones de educación, trabajo y pobreza mediante un estudio de microdatos censales y de las encuestas de hogares. Se evidencia una creciente mejora en los indicadores de empoderamiento de la mujer rural colombiana, sin embargo aun se presentan condiciones desventajosas para las mujeres y las áreas rurales frente a las urbanas.

The article investigates the evolution of the conditions of empowerment of Colombian rural women. The study makes a comparative follow-up between the genres of education, work and poverty conditions through a study of census microdata and household surveys. There is evidence of a growing improvement in the indicators of empowerment of colombian rural women, however disadvantageous conditions for women and the rural versus urban areas still exist.

O artigo investiga as condições de mudança de empoderamento das mulheres rurais na Colômbia. Um monitoramento de gênero comparativa das condições de educação, pobreza através do trabalho e estudo dos microdados do censo e pesquisas domiciliares feitas. Uma crescente melhoria nos indicadores de empoderamento das mulheres rurais na Colômbia é uma evidência, no entanto, ainda condições desvantajosas para as mulheres e as zonas rurais são apresentados contra urbana.