RÉSUMÉ
Avanços consideráveis foram obtidos na compreensão das bases moleculares de várias doenças neurológicas. Embora a biologia molecular dos tumores cerebrais e doenças neurodegenerativas tenham se tornado mais conhecidas, a utilização desses conhecimentos para alcançar resultados terapêuticos melhores permanece um desafio. Os procedimentos estereotácticos na neurocirurgia molecular constituem um método adequado de introdução de material gênico na estrutura tissular cerebral. Numerosas doenças resistentes a qualquer tratamento são passíveis de cura em um futuro próximo devido a terapia genética incuráveis abrem perspectivas para num futuro próximo serem manuseadas pela terapia gênica, apesar das limitações no presente como a rejeição imunológica e a ausência de um vetor ideal.
Remarkable advances have been made in the understanding of the molecular basis of many neurological diseases. Although the molecularbiology of brain tumors and neurodegenerative diseases are better understood, the use of this information to achieve better therapeutic resultsremains a challenge. The stereotactic procedure for molecular neurosurgery constitutes an adequate method of delivery of genetic material to cerebral tissue. A number of diseases resistant to any treatment are amenable to be cured in a short future due to genetic therapy although the present limitations that include immunological rejection and the lack of an ideal vector.
Sujet(s)
Thérapie cellulaire et tissulaire , Maladies neurodégénératives/chirurgie , Biologie moléculaire , Neurochirurgie/méthodesRÉSUMÉ
La medicina regenerativa es una rama de la medicina que se ha desarrollado considerablemente en los últimos años. Los avances en este campo se han vinculado estrechamente con los nuevos conocimientos adquiridos sobre las células madre y su capacidad de convertirse en células de diferentes tejidos. Esta medicina se sustenta en conductas adoptadas por el organismo para remplazar por células sanas a las dañadas por diversos procesos en determinados tejidos. Las medidas terapéuticas empleadas pueden incluir trasplante de células madre, el uso de moléculas solubles, terapia génica e ingeniería de tejidos. En la actualidad, el método más empleado es el trasplante de células madre adultas. Sin embargo, todavía no se conocen bien los mecanismos mediante los cuales las células trasplantadas podrían mejorar o promover la regeneración de los tejidos. Para explicar estos mecanismos se han sugerido varias hipótesis, que incluyen la transdiferenciación celular, la fusión de células y los efectos secundarios a la liberación por las células de diferentes moléculas solubles con acciones específicas; además de los efectos autocrinos y paracrinos que pueden tener estos factores solubles se sugiere la existencia también de una acción telecrina. Probablemente se ejecute más de uno de estos mecanismos.
Regenerating medicine is a branch of Medicine very developed in past years. Advances in this field have been closely linked with the new knowledge achieved on stem-cells and its ability to become in cells of different tissues. This type of medicine is based on the behaviors adopted by organism to substitute those damaged cells by the healthy ones by different processes in specific tissues. Therapeutic measures used may include the stem-cell transplantation, the use of soluble molecules, genic therapy and tissues engineering. Nowadays, the more used method is the adult stem-cells. However, is not well known the mechanisms by which the transplanted cells could to improve or to promote the tissue regeneration. To explain these mechanisms some hypotheses has been proposed including the cellular trans-differentiation, cells fusion, and the effects secondaries to cells release by cells of different soluble molecules with specific actions; in addition to the autocrine and paracrine effects that may have these soluble factors, it is suggested too the existence of a telecrine action. It is probable that more than one of these mechanisms be executed.