Sex with animals among men attended in referral centers for sexually transmitted infections in northeast Brazil: prevalence, associated factors and behavioral aspects

ABSTRACT Purpose Our objective was to investigate the prevalence of SWA, associated factors, relationship with STIs, and behavioral aspects in men attended at Referral Centers for STIs and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)/CR-STI/AIDS in northeast Brazil. Materials and Methods In this cross-sectional study, a questionnaire with sociodemographic, clinical, sexual and SWA practices information was applied to 400 men attended at two CR-STI/AIDS in Northeast Brazil on the years of 2018 and 2019. Clinical and laboratory diagnoses of STIs were confirmed in medical records. Logistic regression models were performed to identify the independent predictors for SWA. Results The prevalence of SWA over total samples was 15.00%. Of the participants, 239 (59.75%) of the participants were diagnosed with STIs, and of these 37 (15.48%) reported SWA. Most men practiced SWA in adolescence, being the last episode more than 20 years ago, usually with asinine and mules, in vaginal route and without a condom. SWA practitioners have higher percentages of occurrence of some viral STIs. SWA was associated with increasing age, history of residence in a rural area with remained over 12 years, married or widowed/separated, heterosexuals, with less than 7 years of study, Catholics, with hepatitis B, former user of alcoholic beverages and smokers, with a history of STI and intercourse with sex workers. Conclusion SWA practices increase STIs vulnerability. The association between hepatitis B and SWA highlights the importance of educational campaigns and conclusive studies on the topic.

Tratamento cirúrgico de linfedema penoescrotal em um paciente com doença de Milroy: relato de caso / Surgical treatment of penoscrotal lymphedema in a patient with Milroy's disease: case report

Introdução: A doença de Milroy manifesta-se como linfedema de membros inferiores e região genital, o que provoca prejuízos físicos e sociais. Relato de Caso: Reporta-se um caso de linfedema penoescrotal severo em um paciente com doença de Milroy. Foi realizada a ressecção cirúrgica do tecido afetado e a reconstrução com retalhos locais e enxerto de pele. Discussão: A doença de Milroy é rara, de caráter autossômico dominante. Sua apresentação clínica é progressiva e decorre da hipoplasia dos vasos linfáticos dos membros inferiores. O tratamento em casos avançados é iminentemente cirúrgico. Conclusão: No caso apresentado, o tratamento cirúrgico é uma boa opção. O uso de retalho paraescrotal para escrotoplastia associado ao enxerto para cobertura do pênis proporciona bom resultado funcional.

Introduction: Milroy disease manifests itself as lymphedema of the lower limbs and genital region, which causes physical and social damage. Case Report: A case of severe-scrotal lymphedema in a patient with Milroy disease. Surgical resection of the affected tissue and reconstruction with local flaps and skin graft were performed. Discussion: Milroy disease is a rare autosomal dominant disease. The clinical presentation is progressive and results from hypoplasia of the lymphatic vessels of the lower limbs. Treatment in advanced cases is mainly surgical. Conclusion: In the case of a patient with Milroy disease and severe penoscrotal lymphedema, surgical treatment is a good option. The use of parascrotal flaps for scrotoplasty associated with a graft to recover the penis provides a good functional result.

Chronic mucocutaneous anogenital herpes: series of ten cases and literature review

Abstract Anogenital herpes is one of the most prevalent sexually transmitted infections worldwide. It has several clinical manifestations, from cases of primary herpes infection to recurrent forms, among them chronic mucocutaneous herpes. This presentation is rare, characterized by a duration of more than four weeks, usually associated with immunosuppression and resistance to classic anti-herpetic treatment. The present study presents a series of ten cases of chronic mucocutaneous herpes with a discussion about its clinical, laboratory, and therapeutic aspects.

The exploration of infertility′s pathogenesis through gene editing technology / 中国医师杂志

Recently, the incidence rate of infertility has been increasing year by year. Lesions of the female reproductive system are the most important causes of infertility, such as premature ovarian failure, polycystic ovary syndrome, pelvic inflammatory disease, endometriosis, recurrent abortion, etc. However, the specific pathogenesis of infertility needs to be further studied. Gene editing is a technical method to change the sequence of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in biological cells, which is an indispensable tool for studying gene function and disease pathogenesis. In this research, we review the recent progress in studying the pathogenesis of female infertility related diseases through gene editing technology, so as to explore a new direction for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of infertility.

Urogenital myiasis - An atypical presentation

The infestation of the human body by maggots has been reported worldwide and occurs most commonly in people of lower socioeconomic status and poor personal hygiene. Urogenital is the rarest site of myiasis presentations. Here we report the case of a 20-year-old, sexually inactive female student who presented with a necrotic growth in the paraurethral region infested with numerous maggots. The lesion involved the urethra and the bladder base. She was treated with debridement and bladder irrigation. The cystoscopy and local examination performed 2 weeks after admission, confirmed the complete healing of the urogenital lesion. Managing this patient's unique challenge was to assess the extent of the involvement and removal of all maggots from the deepest wound portion. The female internal and external urogenital myiasis is a very occasional and under-reported health hazard. Reporting such cases increases the public and physician awareness about the mode of presentation, right diagnosis, and available treatment options.

Clinical and epidemiological aspects of American cutaneous leishmaniasis with genital involvement

Abstract Genital lesions are an unusual presentation of American cutaneous leishmaniasis. Conditions such as disseminated cutaneous leishmaniasis and HIV infection may be associated with genital involvement. The authors present five cases of American cutaneous leishmaniasis with genital lesions and discuss the clinical and epidemiological aspects observed in this case series.

Reporte del primer caso de cistoadenoma papilar de epidídimo en Colombia, Hospital Universitario de Santander / Report of the first case of papillary cystadenoma of the epididymis in Colombia

Resumen La presencia de una masa en la región escrotal comprende un amplio espectro de patologías, unas con mayor urgencia para el manejo que otras, dado el riesgo asociado de pérdida testicular o desarrollo de cáncer. Dentro de las posibilidades diagnósticas se encuentran las neoplasias, destacando las originadas en el epidídimo, con un 75% de casos de etiología benigna, correspondiendo un 9% al cistoadenoma papilar de epidídimo que sobresale por su baja frecuencia dado que en la literatura mundial existen aproximadamente 70 reportes publicados con escasos provenientes de literatura médica en castellano, en los que se incluye el presente caso expuesto en el que se confirma histopatológicamente un cistoadenoma papilar de epidídimo y se presenta una revisión del tema acerca del enfoque de un paciente con masa escrotal. Asimismo se resalta el hecho de que esta lesión puede asociarse con la enfermedad de Von Hippel Lindau, sobre todo en presentaciones bilaterales. MÉD.UIS. 2020;33(2):95-100.

Abstract The presence of a mass in the scrotal region comprises a wide spectrum of pathologies, some with greater urgency for management than others, given the associated risk of testicular loss or cancer development. Among the diagnostic possibilities are the neoplasms, highlighting those originating in the epididymis, with 75% of cases of benign etiology, 9% corresponding to the papillary cystadenoma of the epididymis that stands out for its low frequency given that in the world literature there are approximately 70 published reports with few from medical literature in Spanish, which include the present case presented in which a papillary cystadenoma of the epididymis is confirmed histopathologically and a review of the topic about the approach of a patient with scrotal mass is presented. Also the fact that this lesion can be associated with von Hippel Lindau disease, especially in bilateral presentations is highlighted. MÉD.UIS. 2020;33(2):95-100.

Association between atherogenic dyslipidemia and fourniers gangrene

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine whether atherogenic dyslipidemia is associated with the disease and morbidity in our patients treated for Fournier's gangrene (FG). METHODS Sixty-two patients who were treated with the diagnosis of FG at our center between 2012 and 2017 were retrospectively screened. RESULTS The triglyceride values of the patients who required reconstructive surgery were statistically significantly higher than those of the patients for whom wound debridement and primary suturing was sufficient (p:0.001). A total of 65.7% of the patients had normal triglyceride values in the group in which wound debridement and primary suturing was sufficient, while this rate was 22.2% in the group of patients who needed reconstructive surgery; the difference was statistically significant (p: 0.002). The UFGSI score of those with triglyceride values higher than the normal range was statistically significantly higher (p:0.006). The cut-off point for the triglyceride value for which Fournier's gangrene was more morbid and the probability of reconstructive surgery need was significantly higher, i.e., >233mg. CONCLUSION Our study has demonstrated that atherogenic dyslipidemia, especially hypertriglyceridemia, is an important factor affecting morbidity and associated with high patient care costs after hospitalization and discharge in FG.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Nosso objetivo foi determinar se as dislipidemias aterogênicas estão associadas à doença e à morbidade em nossos pacientes tratados para a gangrena de Fournier (GF). MÉTODOS Sessenta e dois pacientes tratados com o diagnóstico de GF em nosso centro entre 2012 e 2017 foram selecionados retrospectivamente. RESULTADOS Os valores de triglicérides dos pacientes que necessitaram de cirurgia reconstrutiva foram estatisticamente significativamente maiores em comparação com aqueles dos pacientes nos quais o desbridamento da ferida e a sutura primária foram suficientes (p:0,001); 65,7% dos pacientes apresentaram valores normais de triglicérides no grupo em que desbridamento da ferida e sutura primária foram suficientes, enquanto que essa taxa foi de 22,2% no grupo de pacientes que necessitaram de cirurgia reconstrutiva, e a diferença foi estatisticamente significativa (p:0,002). O escore UFGSI daqueles com valores de triglicerídeos acima da faixa normal foi estatisticamente significativamente maior (p:0,006). O ponto de corte para o valor de triglicérides pelo qual a gangrena de Fournier era mais mórbida e a probabilidade de necessidade de cirurgia reconstrutiva era significativamente maior foi >233 mg. CONCLUSÃO Nosso estudo demonstrou que a dislipidemia aterogênica, especialmente a hipertrigliceridemia, é um fator importante que afeta a morbidade e os altos custos associados ao cuidado do paciente após hospitalização e alta na GF.

Bilateral fracture of corpora cavernosa with complete rupture of the anterior urethra: Case report and review of recent findings for surgical management / Fractura bilateral de cuerpos cavernosos con sección completa de uretra anterior. Reporte de caso y revisión de conceptos actuales sobre el manejo quirúrgico

Abstract Introduction: Penile fracture is a rare urological emergency associated in up to 30% of cases with injury to the anterior urethra. Recent data suggest that early surgical intervention is the best treatment strategy. This investigation describes a case of bilateral corpora cavernosa injury associated with complete rupture of the anterior urethra and presents current concepts about its management. Case presentation: 39-year-old man with bilateral corpora cavernosa injury and complete rupture of the anterior urethra, who received early surgical treatment with satisfactory early clinical outcomes. A literature review was made in PubMed and Embase, limiting the search to scientific articles published in the past 10 years using the MeSH terms "Penile diseases", "Genital diseases, male", "Wounds and injuries". Some references were included given their clinical relevance. In this case, similar to international experiences, early surgical management of corpora cavernosa fractures allowed achieving adequate clinical outcomes in the patient. Conclusions: The diagnosis of penile fracture is based on clinical findings. Early surgical management should be considered as a therapy of choice. Conservative management has a higher complication rate versus early surgical management. The case described here had an adequate clinical evolution after 3 months of follow-up.

Resumen Introducción. La fractura de cuerpos cavernosos es una urgencia urológica que se asocia hasta en 30% de los casos a lesión de la uretra anterior. Datos recientes postulan la intervención quirúrgica temprana como la mejor estrategia de tratamiento. La presente investigación describe un caso de lesión bilateral de cuerpos cavernosos asociada a sección completa de uretra anterior y define conceptos actuales sobre su manejo. Presentación del caso. Hombre de 39 años con fractura bilateral de cuerpos cavernosos y sección completa de uretra anterior, quien recibió tratamiento quirúrgico temprano con resultados clínicos tempranos satisfactorios. Se realizó una revisión de la literatura en PubMed y Embase limitando la búsqueda a artículos científicos publicados en los últimos 10 años y utilizando los términos MeSH "Penile diseases", "Genital diseases, male", "Wounds and injuries". Algunas referencias fueron incluidas dada su relevancia clínica. De forma similar a experiencias internacionales, el manejo quirúrgico temprano de la fractura de cuerpos cavernosos en este caso permitió desenlaces clínicos adecuados en el paciente. Conclusiones. El diagnóstico de la fractura de pene se basa en hallazgos clínicos; el manejo quirúrgico temprano debe considerarse como la terapia de elección para esta entidad. El tratamiento conservador presenta una mayor tasa de complicaciones versus el manejo quirúrgico temprano. El caso descrito presenta buenos desenlaces post-operatorios a corto plazo.

Disease burden for gynecological disease in China, 2016 / 中华妇产科杂志

Objective To assess the disease burden for gynecological disease in China in 2016. Methods Data were extracted from the global burden of disease study 2016(GBD 2016). The burden of gynecological disease among age groups and provinces groups was assessed by prevalence rate, mortality rate, years lived with disability (YLD), years of life lost due to premature mortality (YLL) and disability-adjusted life years(DALY). An average world population age-structure for the period 2010-2035 was adopted to calculate age-standardized rates. Results In 2016, the prevalence rate of gynecological disease in women aged 15 years and above in China was 24.94%, of which was 36.71%to women of childbearing age. The number of DALY from gynecological disease was 2727637.82 life years in 2016, with the DALY rate was 411.12/100000 and standardized DALY rate was 341.80/100000. The first three gynecological diseases with highest DALY and DALY rate among Chinese women aged ≥15 years were premenstrual syndrome(815004.64 life years, 122.84/100000), uterine fibroids(281976.67 life years, 42.5/100000) and endometriosis (154792.89 life years, 23.33/100000). The DALY caused by gynecological disease in Guangdong (220871.19 life years), Shandong (190968.72 life years), Henan (171273.92 life years), Jiangsu(168404.27 life years)and Sichuan(144358.5 life years)were higher than other provinces. The standardized DALY rate attributable to gynecological disease were highest in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(404.00/100000), Shanghai(394.90/100000), Heilongjiang(382.00/100000), Beijing(365.70/100000)and Jiangsu (357.50/100000). Conclusions Gynecological disease is a great threat to women' s reproductive health. Effective measures should be taken to address the issue, especially to women of childbearing age.

Diagnosis and treatment of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycoplasma infections in female genital tract / 中华检验医学杂志

Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycoplasma are common in female genital tract infections,which are associated with urethritis,cervicitis,pelvic inflammatory disease,ectopic pregnancy,infertility,chronic pelvic pain and perinatal infections.They can cause the infectious diseases asymptomatically,which would be easily neglected.Nucleic acid amplification test(NAAT)can provide an accurate diagnosis for these diseases,and qualified laboratories should be suggested to develop the project. Appropriate sensitive antibiotics and sex partners participation are essential for treatment.Noticeably, asymptomatic carrier should be differentiated during the treatment of Mycoplasma infections.It should increase awareness of these infectious diseases,in order to reduce the harm caused by misdiagnosis.(Chin J Lab Med,2018,41:263-266)

Liquid silicone used for esthetic purposes as a potentiator for occurrence of post-radiotherapy genital lymphedema: case report / Silicone líquido utilizado com finalidade estética como potencializador da ocorrência de linfedema genital pós-radioterapia: relato de caso

ABSTRACT CONTEXT: Lymphedema consists of extracellular fluid retention caused by lymphatic obstruction. In chronic forms, fat and fibrous tissue accumulation is observed. Genital lymphedema is a rare condition in developed countries and may have primary or acquired etiology. It generally leads to urinary, sexual and social impairment. Clinical treatment usually has low effectiveness, and surgical resection is frequently indicated. CASE REPORT: We report a case of a male-to-female transgender patient who was referred for treatment of chronic genital lymphedema. She had a history of pelvic radiotherapy to treat anal cancer and of liquid silicone injections to the buttock and thigh regions for esthetic purposes. Radiological examinations showed signs both of tissue infiltration by liquid silicone and of granulomas, lymphadenopathy and lymphedema. Surgical treatment was performed on the area affected, in which lymphedematous tissue was excised from the scrotum while preserving the penis and testicles, with satisfactory results. Histopathological examination showed alterations compatible with tissue infiltration by exogenous material, along with chronic lymphedema. CONCLUSION: Genital lymphedema may be caused by an association of lesions due to liquid silicone injections and radiotherapy in the pelvic region. Cancer treatment decisions for patients who previously underwent liquid silicone injection should take this information into account, since it may represent a risk factor for radiotherapy complications.

RESUMO CONTEXTO: O linfedema consiste de retenção de fluido extracelular causada por obstrução linfática. Nas formas crônicas, observa-se acúmulo de tecido adiposo e fibrose. O linfedema genital é uma doença rara em países desenvolvidos e pode ter etiologia primária ou adquirida, em geral cursando com disfunções urinária e sexual, bem como com prejuízo do convívio social. O tratamento clínico é, em geral, pouco efetivo, indicando-se com frequência a abordagem cirúrgica, com excisão da área afetada. RELATO DE CASO: Relata-se o caso de paciente feminina transgênero, encaminhada para tratamento de linfedema genital crônico. Havia antecedente pessoal de tratamento de câncer de canal anal com radioterapia pélvica e de injeções de silicone líquido em glúteos e coxas com finalidade estética. Exames radiológicos mostraram tanto sinais de infiltração tecidual por silicone líquido como granulomas e linfadenopatia como de linfedema. Foi realizado o tratamento cirúrgico da área afetada, com excisão do tecido linfadenomatoso do escroto, preservando o pênis e testículos, com resultado satisfatório. A análise histopatológica mostrou achados compatíveis com infiltração tecidual por material exógeno, bem como com linfedema crônico. CONCLUSÃO: O linfedema genital pode ser causado pela associação de lesão por injeção de silicone líquido e radioterapia na região pélvica. As decisões no tratamento de neoplasias em pacientes previamente submetidos a injeção de silicone líquido devem levar em conta esse fato, já que pode representar fator de risco para complicações de tratamento radioterápico.

Prevalence of breast and gynecological diseases in female workers in the administrative office and workshop of an automobile part factory / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective@#To investigate the prevalence of breast and gynecological diseases in female workers in the administrative office and workshop of an automobile part factory, and to provide a basis for promoting the health of female workers.@*Methods@#In March 2015, color ultrasound examination of the breast, uterus, and bilateral adnexa was performed for all female workers, and routine gynecological examination, routine leucorrhea examination, and thinprep liquid-based cytology test were performed for married female workers. The detection rates of breast and gynecological diseases in female workers in the administrative office and workshop were analyzed.@*Results@#In the 314 female workers, the overall detection rate of breast and gynecological diseases was 86.31%; the detection rate of abnormal breast ultrasound results was 72.93%, mainly breast hyperplasia; the detection rate of abnormal gynecological ultrasound results was 12.14%, mainly hysteromyoma, pelvic effusion, and uterus-rectum fossa effusion. The overall detection rate of cervicitis or vaginitis in married female workers was 66.86%. The univariate analysis showed that compared with those in the administrative office, the female workers in the workshop had significantly higher detection rates of breast hyperplasia and grade 2 breast lesions on the Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) and significantly lower detection rates of hysteromyoma and grade 3 breast lesions on the BI-RADS (all P <0.05) . The multivariate analysis showed that age was a risk factor for hysteromyoma (OR=1.261) , age and working in the workshop were risk factors for breast hyperplasia (OR=1.065 and 1.834) , married status was a protective factor against breast hyperplasia and grade 2 breast lesions on the BI-RADS (OR=0.334 and 0.450) , and working in workshop was a risk factor for grade 2 breast lesions on the BI-RADS (OR=1.890) and a protective factor against grade 3 breast lesions on the BI-RADS (OR=0.355) .@*Conclusion@#Female workers in an automobile part factory have high prevalence rates of breast and gynecological diseases. Night shifts for female workers in the workshop should be reduced as much as possible, and female workers, especially those in the administrative office, should be guided to release pressure and take a balanced diet.

The multivariate analysis of CA125 and inflammation indicators in gynecological diseases / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To investigate whether there is a correlation between carbohydrate antigen125(CA125) and inflammation indicators in gynecological diseases ,analyze the possible mechanism of the disease .Methods Retrospectively analyze the regression and correlation between CA125 and routine blood classification indicators in 4 291 patients from department of reproductive health and gynaecology .Stepwise multiple regression model was used to analyze the common disease from department of gynaecology in‐cluding pelvic infection ,endometriosis ,uterine fibroids .Results The analysis of 4 291 cases showed that there was a correlation be‐tween CA125 and leukocyte count ,neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) .The correlation coefficient was 0 .170 .For diseases of different types ,in patients with pelvic inflammation and endometrial ectopic there were correlations between CA125 and NLR .The correlation coefficient were 0 .290 and 0 .342 respectively .Conclusion There might be a correlation between CA125 and the inflam‐mation indicators .It should be carefully to diagnose cancer related diseases ,especially when inflammatory factors and CA125 in‐creased at the same time .

Value of ultrasound in obstetrics and gynecology emergency in diagnosis and differential diagnosis / 中国医师杂志

Objective To explore the value of ultrasonography in the diagnosis and identification of Obstetrics and Gynecology in accident and emergency.Methods A retrospective method was taken to 80 cases of obstetrics and gynecology emergency patients with ultrasound diagnosis data analysis in the hospital from June 2014 to June 2015,and compared to surgical and pathological diagnosis,to observe the ultrasonic diagnosis value.Results The correct rate of the ultrasound diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy,ovarian cyst torsion,inevitable abortion,threatened abortion,corpus luteum rupture,trophoblastic disease,and acute pelvic inflammatory disease was 90.9％,94.1％,100.0％,100.0％,85.7％,75.0％,and 100.0％,and the overall diagnostic accuracy was 93.8％.Conclusions The Emergency Department of obstetrics and gynecology patients used ultrasound has a better diagnosis effect,and high diagnostic accuracy.At the same time,the ultrasound examination is gynecology and obstetrics emergency check the preferred way,strong repeatability,and better observed lesions,high application value.

Primary cutaneous histoplasmosis developed in the penis of an immunocompetent patient

A 70-year-old male presenting a 3-month history of genital painless erythematous nodules in the balanopreputial sulcus was referred to our service. Histopathological exam presented a chronic dermatitis with epithelioid granulomas and Grocott staining revealed numerous fungal structures with a suggestive morphology of Histoplasma sp. Cultures evidenced Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum. Treatment with oral itraconazole led to complete remission of lesions.

Application of Point Zigong to Gynecological Diseases and Its Modern Theoretical Basis / 上海针灸杂志

Point Zigong is an empirical point for acupuncture treatment of gynecological diseases. Now it is widely applied to clinical treatment and has a marked therapeutic effect. The therapeutic effect of point Zigong stimulation on gynecological diseases is closely related to the anatomical position, morphostructure specificity and action effect of the acupoint. In the present study on this acupoint, the single acupoint is seldom applied and the mechanism is not completely clear. It is needed to conduct a thoroughstudy in the future.

A prospective, open, comparative study of 5% potassium hydroxide solution versus cryotherapy in the treatment of genital warts in men

BACKGROUND: Genital warts are caused by human papillomavirus infection and represent one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases. Many infections are transient but the virus may recur, persist, or become latent. To date, there is no effective antiviral treatment to eliminate HPV infection and most therapies are aimed at the destruction of visible lesions. Potassium hydroxide is a strong alkali that has been shown to be safe and effective for the treatment of genital warts and molluscum contagiosum. Cryotherapy is considered one of the most established treatments for genital warts. No comparative trials have been reported to date on the use of potassium hydroxide for genital warts. OBJECTIVE: A prospective, open-label, randomized clinical trial was conducted to compare topical potassium hydroxide versus cryotherapy in the treatment of genital warts affecting immunocompetent, sexually active men. METHODS: Over a period of 10 months, 48 patients were enrolled. They were randomly divided into two groups and selected on an alternative basis for either potassium hydroxide therapy or cryotherapy. While response to therapy did not differ substantially between both treatment modalities, side effects such as local pain and post-treatment hypopigmentation were considerably more prevalent in the groups treated using cryotherapy. Result: In our study, potassium hydroxide therapy proved to be at least as effective as cryotherapy and offered the benefit of a better safety profile. CONCLUSION: Topical 5% potassium hydroxide presents an effective, safe, and low-cost treatment modality for genital warts in men and should be included in the spectrum of therapies for genital warts. .

Prevalence and risk factors for scrotal lesions/anomalies in a cohort of Brazilian men ? 40 years of age / Prevalência e fatores de risco de lesões escrotais em uma população de brasileiros com idade ? 40 anos

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of and risk factors for cutaneous lesions of the scrotum and intrascrotal lesions/anomalies among men included in a prostatic cancer screening program in a Brazilian metropolitan city. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study, private outpatient healthcare service. METHODS: 1731 men aged 40 years or over, participating in a prostate cancer screening program conducted by the municipal public employees' healthcare system, underwent systematic urological assessment by a single examiner. RESULTS: The prevalence of scrotal diseases in our sample was 44.7% (773/1731). Tinea cruris occurred in 203 (11.7%) of the participants, with higher risk among diabetics and lower prevalence among nonwhite individuals; scrotal tinea in eight (0.5%), with higher risk among hypertensive men; subcutaneous nodules in 12 (0.7%), especially in individuals with low schooling level; hydrocele in 283 (16.4%), with higher frequency among participants over the age of 60 years, diabetics or individuals with previous histories of nonspecific urethritis; spermatoceles in 174 (10.1%), with greater prevalence among individuals over the age of 60 years or diabetics, and lower frequency among individuals who underwent vasectomy; unilateral testicular hypotrophy/atrophy in 167 (9.7%) and bilateral hypotrophy/atrophy in 93 (5.4%), both occurring more frequently in individuals over the age of 60 years; absence of palpable testicles due to cryptorchidism in 7 (0.4%); and epididymitis/orchitis in 5 (0.3%), with higher prevalence among diabetics. No cases of cancer were identified in this sample. CONCLUSIONS: Scrotal diseases were highly prevalent in this population of Brazilian men. .

OBJETIVO: Estimar a prevalência e fatores de risco de lesões cutâneas do escroto e de lesões/anomalias intraescrotais entre participantes de programa de rastreamento para câncer de próstata em uma cidade metropolitana brasileira. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Estudo transversal, serviço privado de atendimento ambulatorial à saúde. MÉTODOS: 1.731 homens com idade igual ou superior a 40 anos, participantes do programa de rastreamento de câncer de próstata conduzido pelo sistema de saúde dos funcionários públicos municipais, foram submetidos à avaliação urológica sistemática por um único examinador. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de doenças escrotais nossa amostra foi de 44.7% (773/1731). Tinea cruris ocorreu em 203 (11,7%) dos participantes, com maior risco em diabéticos e menor prevalência em indivíduos não brancos; tinea escrotal em oito (0,5%), com maior risco em homens hipertensos; nódulos subcutâneos em 12 (0,7%), especialmente em indivíduos com baixa escolaridade; hidrocele em 283 (16,4%), com maior frequência nos participantes com mais de 60 anos, diabetes ou história prévia de uretrite inespecífica; espermatoceles em 174 (10,1%), com maior prevalência acima dos 60 anos de idade ou com diabetes, e menor frequência naqueles submetidos a vasectomia; hipotrofia/atrofia testicular unilateral em 167 (9,7%) e hipotrofia/atrofia bilateral em 93 (5,4%), ambas ocorrendo mais frequentemente nos indivíduos com mais de 60 anos; ausência de testículos palpáveis devido à criptorquidia em 7 (0,4%); e epididimite/orquite em 5 (0,3%), com prevalência aumentada em diabéticos. Não foram identificados casos de câncer nesta amostra. CONCLUSÕES: As doenças escrotais foram altamente prevalentes nesta população ...

Adaptación cultural de la escala para medir conocimiento sobre herpes simple genital en adultos jóvenes cubanos / Cross cultural adaptation of the scale to assess knowledge about genital herpes

Objetivo: Adaptar culturalmente al contexto cubano la escala para medir conocimiento sobre herpes simple genital. Material y métodos: El proceso de adaptación cultural de la escala incluyó la realización de traducción, retro-traducción, revisión por un comité de expertos, preprueba y envío de la escala adaptada a los autores originales. El estudio fue realizado de junio a noviembre del año 2008 con 38 estudiantes de licenciatura en enfermería matriculados en la Escuela de Enfermería de San Antonio de los Baños, Habana, Cuba. Los permisos de la institución y el comité de ética de la facultad fueron obtenidos antes de comenzar el estudio. Resultados: El 53 por ciento fueron mujeres (n=17) y el 47 por ciento fueron hombres (n=18). El 84 por ciento de la muestra estaba soltero (n=32), 13 por ciento casados (n=5) y 2,6 por ciento estaban divorciados (n=1). Todos los integrantes de la muestra estaban estudiando licenciatura en enfermería (n=38). La estabilidad interna del instrumento con el coeficiente de Alfa de Cronbach fue de 0.82 y el Coeficiente de Correlación Interclase (ICC) fue de 0.84. Conclusiones: La escala es confiable en su uso para medir conocimiento sobre herpes simple genital en el contexto cubano. Por lo tanto la escala para medir conocimiento sobre herpes simple genital es un instrumento apropiado para realizar investigaciones en el área de las infecciones de transmisión sexual en adultos jóvenes.

Objective: The aim of this manuscript is to adapt culturally to the Cuban context the scale to measure knowledge about genital herpes simplex. Methods: A cross-sectional design was used with an exploratory survey methodology from June 2008 to November 2008 with nursing students from the school in San Antonio de los Baños, Havana Cuba. Institutional and ethical approval was obtained before starting the study. Results: The mean age of the participants was 23.34 years with (SD 7.01), and 53 percent (n=17) were female and 47 percent were male (n=18). 84 percent of student were unmarried (n=32), 13 percent were married (n=5) and 2,6 percent were divorced (n=1). All subjects were involved in the bachelor's program in nursing (n=38). The Alpha Coefficient for the total scale was 0,82. Te interclass correlation coefficient to measure scale's stability over time was 0,84 (test-retest two weeks). Conclusions: Findings support that genital herpes knowledge scale is a reliable and valid in measuring knowledge young adults. Thus, genital herpes knowledge scale is an appropriate instrument to conduct the research on sexual transmitted disease in young adults in the Cuban contexts.