Análise das publicações de livros e capítulos de livro dos bolsistas de produtividade em pesquisa do CNPq da área de educação física / Analysis of books and book chapters published by physical education researchers with productivity grants from Brazil's Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) / Análisis de las publicaciones de libros y capítulos de libro de los becarios de productividad en investigación del CNPq del área de educación física

Resumo O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a produção de livros e capítulos de livro dos bolsistas de produtividade do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) da área da Educação Física (PQ-EF), procurando entender a sua trajetória e verificar tendências das publicações e eventuais alterações nas suas características no período de 1991 a 2016. Foram analisados os currículos dos 91 bolsistas PQ-EF em curso no ano de 2017, no que diz respeito aos livros e capítulos de livro publicados, número de coautores e posição autoral dos bolsistas, por períodos definidos e por categoria de bolsistas. Os resultados mostraram um crescente aumento da produção de livros e capítulos de livro per capita e também um aumento na quantidade de autores por livro e capítulo de livro, sugerindo estratégias de publicação visando ao aumento de produtividade visualizadas na produção de artigos.

Abstract The study analyzes production of books and book chapters by Physical Education (PQ-EF) researchers who held productivity grants from Brazil's National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), seeking to understand their trajectory and check trends regarding publications and possible changes in their characteristics in 1991-2016. The curricula of the 91 PQ-EF researchers holding productivity grants in 2017 were analyzed, with regard to books and book chapters, number of co-authors, and position among authors, for defined periods and by grant holder category. The results showed increase in the production of books and book chapters per capita and also in the number of authors per book and book chapter, suggesting publication strategies aimed at increasing productivity seen in production of articles.

Resumen El objetivo del estudio fue analizar la producción de libros y capítulos de libro de los becarios de productividad del Consejo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico (CNPq) del área de Educación Física (PQ-EF), buscando comprender su trayectoria y verificar las tendencias de las publicaciones y posibles cambios en sus características en el período de 1991 a 2016. Se analizaron los currículos de los 91 becarios PQ-EF en curso en 2017, en lo que se refiere a los libros y capítulos de libro publicados, número de coautores y posición autoral de los becarios, por periodos definidos y por categoría de becarios. Los resultados mostraron un incremento creciente en la producción de libros y capítulos de libro per cápita y también un incremento en la cantidad de autores por libro y capítulo de libro, sugiriendo estrategias de publicación orientadas al aumento de productividad observada en la producción de artículos.

Trends in scientific production by physical education phd student researchers holding productivity grants from Brazil's National Council of Technological and Scientific Development (CNPq) / Tendências da produção científica dos bolsistas de produtividade em pesquisa do CNPq da área de educação física / Tendencias en la producción científica de los becarios de productividad en investigación del CNPq del área de educación física

Este estudo buscou analisar a produção científica dos bolsistas de produtividade do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) da área da Educação Física (PQ-EF), procurando entender a sua trajetória e verificar tendências quanto a publicações de artigos e às eventuais alterações nas suas características no período de 1991 a 2016. Foram analisados os currículos dos 91 bolsistas PQ-EF em curso no ano de 2017, no que diz respeito aos artigos publicados em periódicos, número de coautores e posição na autoria dos artigos, como também a relação entre esses fatores por níveis de bolsa e tempo de término do doutorado. Os resultados revelaram um aumento expressivo da produção científica per capita e também um aumento de publicações multiautorais com número cada vez maior de coautores, sugerindo estratégias de publicação visando ao aumento de produtividade.

This study analyzes the scientific production by Physical Education (PQ-EF) PhD student researchers holding productivity grants from Brazil's National Council of Technological and Scientific Development (CNPq), in order to understand their trajectory and look into publication trends and possible changes in their characteristics in 1991-2016. The curricula of the 91 PQ-EF researchers holding grants in 2017 were analyzed in terms of articles published in journals, number of co-authors, and authors' positions in the articles, as well as how these factors relate according to productivity grant levels and time taken for completing their PhD studies. The results revealed a significant increase in per capita scientific production and also an increase in multi-author publications as well as the number of co-authors, suggesting publication strategies aimed at higher productivity.

Este estudio se propuso analizar la producción científica de los becarios de productividad del Consejo Nacional para el Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico (CNPq) en el área de Educación Física (PQ-EF), tratando de comprender su trayectoria y verificar las tendencias con respecto a la publicación de artículos y los posibles cambios en sus características en el período de 1991 a 2016. Se analizaron los currículos de los 91 becarios PQ-EF en curso en 2017, en lo que se refiere a los artículos publicados en revistas, el número de coautores y la ubicación en la autoría de los artículos, así como la relación entre estos factores según los niveles de beca y el tiempo de finalización del doctorado. Los resultados revelaron un aumento significativo en la producción científica per cápita y también un aumento en las publicaciones de varios autores, con un número creciente de coautores, lo que sugiere estrategias de publicación destinadas a aumentar la productividad.

História da assistência hospitalar em São Paulo: a subvenção do Estado às misericórdias paulistas / History of hospital care in São Paulo: State grants to the misericórdia charitable associations

Resumo O artigo analisa como as santas casas de misericórdia do estado de São Paulo foram subvencionadas pelos governos municipais, provincial e estadual na passagem do século XIX para o XX. Para tanto, são discutidas as dotações orçamentárias realizadas de 1838 a 1915, com o fim de avaliar o repasse e a ampliação de verbas nesse ínterim. É possível notar que foi criada uma rede de assistência fortemente apoiada pelo Estado, mas efetivada pela assistência filantrópica. Essa rede de atendimento hospitalar permanece com o mesmo formato até pelo menos o primeiro terço do século XX, contexto em que se incluíam as misericórdias criadas pelo interior do estado paulista.

Abstract This article investigates how the santas casas de misericórdia charitable associations in the state of São Paulo were subsidized by the municipal, provincial, and state governments at the turn of the twentieth century. Budget appropriations from 1838 to 1915 were examined to evaluate these charitable grants as well as the growth in funding during this period. While a care network created with strong state backing, it was put into action by philanthropic assistance. This network of hospital care retained the same format until at least the first third of the twentieth century, and included misericórdia establishments created within the interior of the state of São Paulo.

Comparison of research support for rare diseases and orphan drugs innovation in China and the United States / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To introduce and compare research support for rare disease and orphan drug innovation in China and United States, and provide reference for relevant policies in China. METHODS: Data of main source of funding for rare disease research in two countries ie. National Institutes of Health, Food and Drug Administration in the United States and National Natural Science Foundation of China were analyzed and compared. RESULTS: US NIH gives substantial support for rare disease research every year with funded capital growing. FDA Orphan Products Grants program provides incentives for sponsors to develop products for rare diseases. In China, however, there is no specific support project for rare disease research, and there is a huge gap in funding efforts for rare disease research between China and the United States. CONCLUSION: China should establish rare disease research center to promote rare disease research and set up specific funding for rare diseases research, increase efforts to support research and innovation for rare diseases and orphan drugs, in order to protect the health interests of patients with rare diseases.

Research Support Programs of the National Research Foundation of Korea

STUDY DESIGN: Literature review. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to present updated information on the research support programs offered by the National Research Foundation of Korea. SUMMARY OF LITERATURE REVIEW: The research support programs offered by the National Research Foundation of Korea are an important cornerstone for obtaining other grants from the government and commercial companies. However, no information has yet been provided in the literature about these programs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Review of the relevant literature. RESULTS: The research support programs offered by the National Research Foundation of Korea are complex. However, it is possible to find appropriate grants. It is necessary to focus on the individual basic research program. CONCLUSIONS: Novel proposals have a greater chance of receiving funding, especially if the appropriate background and preliminary data are provided.

Perfil dos pesquisadores bolsistas de produtividade científica em psicologia do conselho nacional de desenvolvimento científico e tecnológico / The profile of scientific productivity of brazilian research scholars of the conselho nacional de desenvolvimento científico e tecnológico

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi traçar o perfil dos pesquisadores bolsistas de Produtividade em Psicologia do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico no triênio 2009-2011. O método utilizado foi de caráter transversal, descritivo, correlacional e de associação. Por meio de um levantamento de dados presentes nos currículos Lattes dos pesquisadores listados no site do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, buscou-se identificar relação entre a categoria de bolsa, a quantidade e a qualidade de suas produções. Os achados revelam diversidade, não permitindo traçar um perfil único de bolsistas. Predominam os bolsistas de categoria 2, distribuídos, em sua maioria, nas áreas de interesse da Psicologia do Desenvolvimento e Social. Verificou-se que, apesar de a qualidade das publicações acompanhar a categoria da bolsa, ainda predomina a quantidade em relação à qualidade das publicações, fenômeno conhecido como "produtivismo".

The aim of this study was to draw the profile of the psychology researchers funded with scientific productivity grants from the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico from 2009-2011. We used a cross-sectional, descriptive and correlational method. Through a data survey using the Curriculum Lattes platform of all the researchers listed on the website of Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, the purpose was to identify the relation between type of grant, quantity and quality of their production. The findings reveal diversity, which did not enable us to establish a unique profile of the researchers. Most researchers have a type-2 research grant and their interest is mainly distributed in Developmental and Social Psychology. Although the quality of publications is related to the type of grant, there is still a predominance of quantity over quality of publications, a phenomenon called "productivism".

Perfil dos bolsistas de produtividade em pesquisa do CNPQ em Psicologia / Profile of researchers in Psychology with productivity grants from Brazil's national council of technologiocal and scientific development (CNPQ) / Perfil de los becarios de productividad en investigación del CNPQ en Psicología

Este estudo teve por objetivo analisar o perfil dos bolsistas de produtividade em pesquisa do CNPq da área de Psicologia segundo os dados declarados na Plataforma Lattes. O número de artigos, livros e capítulos de livro, bem como orientações de iniciação científica, mestrado, doutorado e pósdoutorado de 297 pesquisadores bolsistas da área foram coletados no decorrer da última semana de abril de 2011. Também foram coletados dados acerca das instituições às quais os bolsistas estão vinculados. Foram realizadas análises estatísticas descritivas (levantamento de frequências, médias e desvios-padrão) para caracterização da produtividade da amostra, e inferenciais (qui-quadrado e ANOVA) para comparar os bolsistas de cada categoria em relação ao número de publicações e de orientações e de dados demográficos e institucionais. Os resultados mostram que houve predomínio do sexo feminino (63%) e da bolsa tipo 2 (58,6%) entre os bolsistas. A maioria dos bolsistas está vinculada atualmente a instituições públicas (79,1%). A Região Sudeste apresentou o maior número de bolsistas (53,6%), seguida da Região Sul (18,5%). Pesquisadores com bolsas de categorias mais altas (1A e 1B) apresentaram médias significativamente maiores quanto à produção de artigos, livros e capítulos de livro bem como ao número de orientações concluídas. As implicações e as limitações do estudo são discutidas.

The present work aimed to analyze the profile of researchers in psychology with productivity grants from Brazil's National Council of Technological and Scientific Development (CNPq), according to the information collected at the website called Lattes Platform. Numbers of papers, book chapters and books, as well as undergraduate, master and doctoral students' orientations were raised considering 297 researchers with productivity grants. This survey was conducted in the last week of April 2011. Information from the institutions where the researchers work were also collected. Descriptive analyses were held (frequencies, means and standard deviation of the study variables) to characterize the level of productivity of the sample, and inferential analyses were also conducted (Chi-square and ANOVA) to compare the productivity grants researchers of each category in what refers to the number of publications, orientations, social demographical data and institutional characteristics. The results showed the female gender (63%) and the grant type 2 (58,6%) were majority among productivity grants researchers. The majority of researchers works at public institutions (79,1%). The Southeast showed the major number of productivity researchers (53,6%), followed by the South (18,5%). Researchers with grants type 1A e 1B, which means high categories, presented significant higher means of papers, books and book chapters publications, as well as finished students' orientations. The results implications and the study limitations are discussed.

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar el perfil de los becarios de productividad en investigación del CNPq del área de psicología según los datos declarados en la Plataforma Lattes. El número de artículos, libros y capítulos de libro, así como orientaciones de iniciación científica, maestría, doctorado y pos doctorado de 297 investigadores becarios del área fueron recolectados en el transcurso de la última semana de abril de 2011. También fueron recolectados datos acerca de las instituciones a las cuales los becarios están vinculados. Fueron realizados análisis estadísticos descriptivos (relevamiento de frecuencias, promedios y desviación estándar) para caracterización de la productividad de la muestra, e inferenciales (Ji-cuadrado y ANOVA) para comparar los becarios de cada categoría en relación al número de publicaciones y de orientaciones y de datos demográficos e institucionales. Los resultados muestran que hubo predominio del sexo femenino (63%) y de la beca tipo 2 (58,6%) entre los becarios. La mayoría de los becarios están vinculados actualmente a instituciones públicas (79,1%). La Región Sudeste presentó el mayor número de becarios (53,6%), seguida de la Región Sur (18,5%). Investigadores con becas de categorías más altas (1A y 1B) presentaron promedios significativamente mayores en relación a la producción de artículos, libros y capítulos de libro así como al número de orientaciones concluidas. Las implicaciones y las limitaciones del estudio son discutidas.

Effects of low-frequency electromagnetic fields on skin wound healing after the transplantation of gene modified epidermal stem cells / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:The repair and management of ful-thickness skin defects resulting from burns and chronic wounds remain a significant unmet clinical chal enge. Using epidermal stem cel s and keratinocyte growth factor for ful-thickness wound repair is a promising approach. Low-frequency electromagnetic fields which are a non-invasive physical stimulation therapy have been recognized as a good method to enhance wound healing. OBJECTIVE:To develop a new strategy to accelerate wound healing by transplanting transfected epidermal stem cel s and keratinocyte growth factor and treating with low-frequency electromagnetic fields in a mouse model. METHODS:Epidermal stem cel s from Sprague-Dawley neonatal rats were isolated and cultured in vitro, then the cel s were labeled with 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine and transfected by Ad-KGF, a recombinant adenovirus carrying the keratinocyte growth factor. Mice were given to create ful thickness skin wound on the dorsum and randomly assigned to four groups:control group, transplantation of epidermal stem cel s group, transplantation of keratinocyte growth factor gene modified epidermal stem cel s group, and transplantation of keratinocyte growth factor gene modified epidermal stem cel s plus low-frequency electromagnetic field exposure group. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The best healing pattern was observed in the keratinocyte growth factor gene modified epidermal stem cel s plus low-frequency electromagnetic field exposure group (P<0.05) at days 9 and 16. 5-Bromo-2-deoxyuridine labeled cel s existed in the wound in the treated groups at day 9. A significantly increased expression of endogenous keratinocyte growth factor was detected in the transplantation of Keratinocyte Growth Factor gene modified epidermal stem cel s group, and transplantation of keratinocyte growth factor gene modified epidermal stem cel s plus low-frequency electromagnetic field exposure group at day 16. A wel-advanced epithelialization was observed in transplantation of keratinocyte growth factor gene modified epidermal stem cel s plus low-frequency electromagnetic field exposure group at days 16 and 30. These results suggest that low-frequency electromagnetic fields enhanced wound healing fol owing the transplantation of keratinocyte growth factor gene modified epidermal stem cel s.

Effect of bone marrow mononuclear cell transplantation on angiogenesis and expression of cytokines following myocardial infarction / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Cel transplantation offers a new promise of rebuilding the damaged myocardium. But the results of them are not consistent. It is not clear if the transplanted cel s can permanently improve heart function and the mechanism underlying this therapeutic effect. OBJECTIVE:To study the effect of intracoronary autologous bone marrow mononuclear cel transplantation on cardiac function, and angiogenesis and cytokine production in canines with acute myocardial infarction. METHODS:Left anterior descending coronary artery ligation was used to produce acute myocardial infarction models in hybrid canines. Bone marrow mononuclear cel s were harvested by using puncture of anterior crest and posterior superior iliac spine to prepare cel suspension. Sixteen hybrid canines were randomly divided into transplantation group (n=10) and control group (n=6). Bone marrow mononuclear cel s (transplantation group, n=10) or normal saline (control group, n=6) were intracoronarily infused into infarction-related arteries 2 hours after acute myocardial infarction. To evaluate the heart function, we used echocardiography at 2 hours and 6 weeks after acute myocardial infarction. Capil ary density was assessed 6 weeks after transplantation by using von Wil ebrand factor test. The mRNA levels of vascular endothelial growth factor 188, vascular endothelial growth factor 164, basic fibroblast growth factor and matrix metal oproteinase-9 in the infarct area were determined by reverse transcription-PCR at 6 weeks after transplantation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:In contrast to the control group, ejection fraction and stroke volume at 6 weeks after transplantation increased significantly in the transplantation group. The transplantation group had a greater amount of new vessels in the peri-infarct area than the control group. Compared with the control group, the mRNA levels of vascular endothelial growth factor 188, vascular endothelial growth factor 164, and basic fibroblast growth factor significantly increased in the transplantation group, but the mRNA level of matrix metal oproteinase-9 significantly decreased in the transplantation group. These findings suggest that intracoronary transplantation of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cel s may improve the cardiac function, and increase capil ary density, especial y in the border zone of infarcted myocardium. Otherwise, bone marrow mononuclear cel transplantation can increase the mRNA levels of vascular endothelial growth factor 188, vascular endothelial growth factor 164, and basic fibroblast growth factor, but decrease the mRNA level of matrix metal oproteinase-9.

Association between SLC30A8 gene polymorphisms and diabetes mellitus after renal transplantation / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Previous studies have found that the susceptibility genes of adiponectin gene and calpain 10 gene of type 2 diabetes are closely related with the incidence of diabetes in Chinese renal transplantation patients. So, are other susceptibility genes of type 2 diabetes also associated with posttransplantation diabetes mel itus? OBJECTIVE:To investigate the association between the zinc transporter solute carrier family 30 member 8 (SLC30A8) gene polymorphism and the posttransplantation diabetes mel itus. METHODS:A total of 97 patients with posttransplantation diabetes mel itus and 301 patents without posttransplantation diabetes mel itus (control group) were selected, and then the SLC30A8 gene rs13266634 genotype was detected with real-time PCR method. The association between gene polymorphism and posttransplantation diabetes mel itus was analyzed with Logistic regression test. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:There were significant differences in al ele frequencies and genotype distributions of rs13266634 between the patients with and without posttransplantation diabetes mel itus (P<0.05). After adjustments of age, sex, body weight and body mass index, the incidence of posttransplantation diabetes mel itus of the CC genotype patients was 2.108 times to that of the TT genotype patients (odds ratio=2.108, 95%confidence interval:1.075-4.131, P=0.044);and the incidence of posttransplantation diabetes mel itus of the CC+CT genotype patients was 1.862 times to that of the TT genotype patients (odds ratio=1.862, 95%confidence interval:1.049-3.306, P=0.034). The results suggest that the C-al ele in rs13266634 of SLC30A8 gene is the independent risk factor of posttransplantation diabetes mel itus.

Serum monocyte chemoattactant protein-1 level and spinal tuberculosis susceptibility / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:The monocyte chemoattactant protein-1 gene polymorphism is associated with spinal tuberculosis susceptibility. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the association between serum monocyte chemoattactant protein-1 expression level and spinal tuberculosis susceptibility in Han population of Hunan province. METHODS:The patients with spinal tuberculosis and the healthy volunteers were recruited in Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from December 2004 to December 2010. The empty peripheral venous blood 2 mL were col ected from the subjects in early morning, then the monocyte chemoattactant protein-1-362 genotypes were detected by polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing technology. And the serum monocyte chemoattactant protein-1 level was detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay technology. The ROC curve was used for diagnostic tests to calculate diagnostic threshold value of serum monocyte chemoattactant protein-1 level to spinal tuberculosis susceptibility, and to analyze the diagnostic titer. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:208 patients with spinal tuberculosis and 210 healthy volunteers were included. The serum monocyte chemoattactant protein-1 level of the spinal tuberculosis patients was significantly higher than that of the healthy volunteers [(134.58±51.63) ng/L vs. (39.18±17.45) ng/L, P<0.01]. The serum monocyte chemoattactant protein-1 level could not be affected by gender, but over-expressed in patients with monocyte chemoattactant protein-1-362-CC genotypes. The serum monocyte chemoattactant protein-1 level higher than 101.65 ng/L indicated that the patients might suffered from spinal tuberculosis (sensitivity:85.5%, specificity:94.3%, Youden index:0.799, area under curve of ROC:0.946, 95%confidence interval:0.916-0.975, P<0.01). The serum monocyte chemoattactant protein-1 level may be associated with spinal tuberculosis susceptibility in Han population of Hunan province, highly expressed serum monocyte chemoattactant protein-1 can be used as one of the indicators for the diagnosis of spinal tuberculosis.

Stability of lumbar vertebra in patients with thoracolumbar vertebral metastases after treated with artificial vertebral placement or internal fixation / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Vertebral metastatic tumor often occurs in the thoracolumbar segment, and it is difficult for internal fixation due to the complex anatomical position. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the stability of lumbar vertebra in the patients with single thoracolumbar vertebral metastases after treated with artificial vertebral placement and internal fixation. METHODS:Sixteen patients (9 male and 7 female) with single thoracolumbar vertebral metastases treated in the Department of Orthopedics, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University from January 2006 to January 2009 were selected, and the age ranged 40-74 years, averaged 52 years. Before treatment, al the patients were evaluated according to Frankel classification:A grade in two cases, B grade in three cases, C grade in three cases, D grade in five cases, and E grade in three cases. And the vertebral state of patients was detected with X-ray plain film examination, systemic radionuclide bone scanning, CT and MRI. The T11 vertebral metastases were treated with chest approach artificial vertebral placement and internal fixation, and T12-L2 vertebral metastases were treated with artificial vertebral placement and internal fixation via extrapleural and extraperitoneal space approach. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Al the 16 patients were fol owed up for 4-32 months, and the average survival time after treatment was 12 months. After treatment, Frankel classification was C grade in three cases, D grade in five cases and E grade in eight cases. The visual analog scale score was decreased from (6.22±1.31) before treatment to (3.25±0.94) after treatment, and there was significant difference between two groups (P<0.05). The artificial vertebral placement and internal fixation can restore the stability of lumbar vertebra in the patients with spinal metastases, and thus improving the symptoms and quality of life.

Silk fibroin/chitosan/nano hydroxyapatite complicated scaffolds for bone tissue engineering / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Silk fibroin, chitosan, and nano hydroxyapatite are natural materials, and they al have good biological activity and physical or chemical properties. As tissue engineering materials, they have been already widely used in clinic or research work, but there are some defects in the application of these three kinds of materials. OBJECTIVE:To discuss the preparation and characteristics of silk fibroin/chitosan/nano hydroxyapatite complicated scaffolds which could be used in bone tissue engineering. METHODS:Silk fibroin, chitosan, and nano hydroxyapatite were separately prepared into 2%solution, and then mixed at the ratio of 1:1:0.5, 1:1:1, 1:1:1.5 respectively. The three-dimensional complicated scaffolds were prepared by those mixed liquids through repeated freeze drying and chemical crosslinking technology. Scanning electron microscope was used to detect the pore size of the scaffolds. Porosity, water absorption rate, and hot-water loss rate were determined. Mechanical tester was used to measure the tensile and compressive modulus of dried three-dimensional scaffolds. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The silk fibroin/chitosan/nano hydroxyapatite complicated scaffold in the dry state had no special smel , appeared to be a stabilized solid cylinder, and exhibited clear resiliency and flexibility with a touch. With the increased content of nano hydroxyapatite, the porosity, water absorption rate and average pore size of the scaffolds appeared to be decreased, while the hot-water loss rate and compressive strength were increased. The scaffold prepared at 1:1:1 was better for bone tissue engineering, and the average pore size, water absorption rate and hot-water loss rate were 85.67 μm, (135.65±4.56)%and (22.84±1.06)%, respectively, closer to the needs of the bone tissue engineering. Uniform pores were found within the scaffold at 1:1:1, showing the network structure, developed transport among pores, and the network structure was approximately 10μm.

Periodontal ligament cells from miniature swine grow on a hydroxyapatite scaffold / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Periodontal tissue engineering technology provides new ideas and new ways for periodontitis-induced bone defect repair. OBJECTIVE:To develop a culture model for the periodontal ligament cells of miniature swine, which was constructed with hydroxyapatite, to investigate the biocompatibility with hydroxyapatite. METHODS:Periodontal ligament cells from miniature swine were harvested by using tissue explant method. Immunofluorescence was used to detect the expression of stromal cel antigen 1 in the periodontal ligament cells of miniature swine. The third passage cells were co-cultured with a three-dimension hydroxyapatite scaffold, and the biological characteristics of the cells were observed under a scanning electron microscope at days 1, 3, 7 of co-culture. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The pirmary miniature swine periodontal ligament cells grew wel , and they were positive for stromal cel antigen 1. Under the scanning electron microscope, the periodontal ligament cells of miniature swine grew wel on the hydroxyapatite scaffold at days 1, 3, 7 of co-culture. These prove that the miniature swine periodontal ligament cells, which can be separated using tissue explant method and cultured successful y in vitro, can grow wel on the hydroxyapatite scaffold.

Three-dimensional printing of titanium/hydroxyapatite composite and functionally graded materials / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Preparation of titanium/hydroxyapatite composite by conventional methods has the deficiency of simple structure, low degree of automation and difficulty in porosity and pore size control, which limits the diverse process and manufacture. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the feasibility of three-dimensional printing technology for the preparation of titanium/hydroxyapatite composite and titanium/hydroxyapatite functional y graded material molding. METHODS:A CAD model of titanium/hydroxyapatite composite was designed to be the cylinder (diameter 25 mm, height 20 mm), while the titanium/hydroxyapatite functional y graded implant designed as a CAD model of the cylinder with 25 mm in diameter asnd 10 mm in height with two layers, the upper layer with titanium powder and the lower layer with titanium/hydroxyapatite powder. The composite and functional y graded implant were processed by the three-dimensional printing and sintered. The sintered titanium/hydroxyapatite composite and titanium/hydroxyapatite functional y graded implant were observed for their microstructures, and the X-ray diffraction analysis and compressive strength testing were performed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The sintered titanium/hydroxyapatite composite and titanium/hydroxyapatite functional y graded implant had uniform contraction and no obvious distortion. The sintered titanium/hydroxyapatite composite had the aperture size from 50 to 150μm. There occurred a chemical reaction between titanium and hydroxyapatite during the sintering process, obtaining the new creations of Ca3(PO4)2, CaTiO3, TiO2 and CaO. Its compressive strength was (184.3±27.1) MPa. The microstructure of titanium/hydroxyapatite functional y graded implant had graded structures with a visible line between the two layers. The results of the microstructure and mechanical properties of titanium/hydroxyapatite composite and titanium/hydroxyapatite functional y graded implant can meet the requirements of medical biological implant materials.

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells combined with allogeneic bone for cancellous bone defects / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Some studies have shown that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and al ograft bone have a certain role for repairing bone defects, but the effectiveness on cancel ous bone defects is seldom reported so far. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effectiveness of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells combined with al ogeneic bone on cancel ous bone defects. METHODS: The models of cancel ous bone defects (0.6 cm×1.2 cm) were made artificial y in both condylus lateralis femoris of New Zealand white rabbits: one side served as model group implanted with combination of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and al ogeneic bone, and the other side was considered as control group implanted with al ogeneic bone. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The model group was better than the control group in new bone growth and defect repair at 4, 8, 12 weeks after implantation, which was confirmed by general observation, X-ray examination and hematoxylin-eosin staining. There was a large amount of trabecular bone formation and mature lamel ar bone tissue in bone defects of model group by histological observation at 12 weeks after implantation, and bone defects of the model group were repaired basical y; while there were only abundant woven bones in the control group, and bone defects in the control group were not repaired effectively. Scores on Lane-Sandhu’s X-ray combined with histological observation were higher in the model group than the control group (P < 0.05). Biomechanical test showed that the maximum pressure load of the femoral condyle and load/strain ratio in the model group were significantly higher than those in the control group at 12 weeks after implantation (P < 0.05),while the maximum strain and displacement of the model group was lower than that of the control group (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that the combination of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and al ogeneic bone is superior to simple al ogeneic bone implantation in the repair of cancel ous bone defects of the femoral condyle.

Telomere-associated factor expression in replicative senescence of human embryonic lung fibroblasts / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Telomere-associated proteins wil directly affect the function of telomeres, adjust the length of telomeric DNA, which are closely related with cellsenescence and carcinogenesis. OBJECTIVE: To find the key regulatory molecules in the cellsenescence process through observing the telomere-associated factor expression in normal cel replicative senescence process. METHODS: Based on established cel replicative senescence model, reverse transcription-PCR and western blot were used to detect the telomere-associated factor expression on the molecular and protein levels, including the telomere-associated factor human telomere binding protein 1, tankyrase 1, telomerase RNA, telomere protection protein 1 and P53 expressions in the human embryonic lung fibroblast replicative senescence. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The results showed that with the cellsenescence, transcription of human telomere binding protein 1 did not changed, while the protein expression of human telomere binding protein 1 was increased gradual y and then decreased rapidly; mRNA and protein expressions of telomere protection protein 1 did not changed; with the human embryonic lung fibroblast replicative senescence, expression of telomere protection protein 1 was decreased gradual y; with cellsenescence, telomerase RNA component showed an increasing trend; protein expression of P53 did not changed. Human telomere binding protein 1, telomere protection protein 1 and telomerase RNA play an important role in cellsenescence.

An efficient and practical method for culturing human ovarian surface epithelial cells / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: It is difficult to in vitro isolate and culture the ovarian surface epithelium with high purity, strong vitality and stable biological characteristics. Tissue adherence and enzymatic digestion are commonly used for primary culture, but there are certain problems in cel col ection, cel viability and cel purity. OBJECTIVE: To establish a method for primary isolating, culturing and identifying human ovarian epithelium. METHODS: The ovarian surface epithelium was obtained with cel brush innovatively, and then the cells were isolated and purified with erythrocyte spal ation and differential adherence. The epidermal growth factor was added into the serum-free Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium-F12 medium for cel culture. The cel morphology was observed under inverted microscope, and hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunocytochemical staining were used to identify the cells, then the growth curve was draw. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The ovarian surface epithelium became adherent after cultured for 24 hours, and reached fusion basical y after cultured for 6-12 days. The cells were polygonal or flat with strong transparency and refraction. The morphological characteristics of the cells were in line with those of the normal epithelial cells, and almost al the isolated cells could express the epithelial cells surface marker CK19. The cells could be passaged for 6-8 generations with wel growth and the cel growth curve was in “S” shape. The purity of the cells was more than 95%. The results suggest that cel brush method is simple to operate and can obtain a large amount of ovarian surface epithelium rapidly. The purity of the isolated cells can reach to 95% after treated with erythrocyte spal ation and differential adherence method and the cells are in stable growth.

Human telomerase reverse transcriptase protects human embryonic cortical neurons / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Telomerase can maintain the telomere length and avoid cel replicative senescence and apoptosis in somatic cells. Its catalytic subunit cal ed telomerase reverse transcriptase has roles in mediating cellsurvival and anti-apoptotic functions. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of human telomerase reverse transcriptase on amyloid β1-40-induced human embryonic cortical neurons injury. METHODS: Human cortical neurons derived from 12-16 weeks old aborted fetuses were transfected with recombinant adenovirus vector encoding human telomerase reverse transcriptase. Expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase was evaluated by immunocytochemical staining. Telomerase activity was measured using a PCR-based telomeric repeat amplification protocol enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Human embryonic cortical neurons were treated with 10 μmol/L ol/L amyloid β1-40 after transfected for 3 days. Cel viability, reactive oxygen species levels and glutathione contents in human embryonic cortical neurons were respectively detected by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, fluorescent probe 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate and chromatometry. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase reached peak at 3 days after transfection, and the telomerase activity was rebuilt; 10 μmol/L amyloid β1-40 could significantly reduce the cel viability of neurons and glutathione content (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01), and increase the reactive oxygen species levels (P < 0.05). The neurons transfected with human telomerase reverse transcriptase gene could be significantly against the toxicity of amyloid β1-40 and increase the cel viability and glutathione content (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01), and decrease the reactive oxygen species levels (P < 0.05). The results indicate that human telomerase reverse transcriptase can protect amyloid β1-40-induced human embryonic cortical neurons injury

Low-frequency electromagnetic fields enhance the recovery of spinal cord injured rats undergoing bone mesenchymal stem cell transplantation / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel transplantation is considered as a promising therapy for spinal cord injury. How to more effectively promote the survival of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s in the area of spinal cord injury and to accelerate the recovery of motor function after spinal cord injury is a current study focus. Previous studies have found that low-frequency electromagnetic fields can promote bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel proliferation and differentiation, but whether the low-frequency electromagnetic fields can be applied to bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel transplantation for treatment of spinal cord injury requires further studies. OBJECTIVE:To discuss the effects of low-frequency electromagnetic fields on motor function of spinal cord injury rats after transplantation of bone mesenchymal stem cel s. METHODS:Sixty-four rat models of incomplete spinal cord injury at T 10 were established by compression method and then randomized into control group, transplantation group (bone mesenchymal stem cel transplantation), electromagnetic field group and combination group (electromagnetic field+bone mesenchymal stem cel transplantation). After successful modeling, bone mesenchymal stem cel s labeled with 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine were injected into the original injured site in the transplantation group and combination group, which were isolated and purified with the fast adherence method;while alpha-minimum essential medium was injected into the electromagnetic field group and control group for instead. At 24 hours post-operation, the electromagnetic field group and combination group were explored to low-frequency electromagnetic fields (frequency 50 Hz, magnetic indaction intensity 5 mT) for 60 minutes per day. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After cel transplantation for 21 days, the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan scores in the combination group was higher than the other groups (P<0.05). 5-Bromo-2'-deoxyuridine positive cel s grew wel , and integrated into the normal spine;syringomyelia was reduced, and the number of spinal neural cel s was increased in the combination group. In addition, glial fibril ary acidic protein expression was decreased in the combination group, while matrix metal oproteinase 2 expression was increased. It indicates that low-frequency electromagnetic fields could promote recovery of motor function in the spinal cord injury rats transplanted with bone mesenchymal stem cel s, which could be associated that low-frequency electromagnetic fields facilitate the survival of transplanted bone mesenchymal stem cel s, up-regulate the expression of matrix metal oproteinase 2, and reduce glial scar formation in the spinal cord injured site.