Effects of granule particle size and lubricant concentration on tablet hardness containing large concentration of polymers

ABSTRACT The objective of this research work is to demonstrate the impact of granule size and lubricant concentration on the hardness of tablets in formulations containing higher concentration of polymers and to resolve the hardness issue during compression process. The work involves optimization of a milling process for size reduction of granules and blending process to achieve tablets of good hardness on compression. To optimize the granule size, different sized co-mill screens were used. The different concentration of lubricant were studied on different sized granules to check the effect on hardness of tablets and to obtained the desired hardness of tablets. Compression of lubricated blend in various concentration was performed using the gravity feeder and force feeder separately to check the impact on the over lubrication effect. This ultimately leads to less hardness tablets. Lubricated blends were evaluated by performing the Bulk Density, Tapped Density, Hausner ratio and compressibility index tests. Tablets were evaluated for the physical characteristics like weight variation, hardness, thickness and dissolution. It has been conclude that on using the optimum granules size and lubricant concentration in formulation, all the downstream problems can be resolved and this in turn helps in compression of tablets and also provides the good hardness to the tablets.

Sexagem histológica e desempenho de Oreochromis niloticus testando diâmetros de ração de acordo com o aparato bucal / Histological gender diagnosis and performance of Oreochromis niloticus testing diameters of crumble diet according to oral apparatus

Estudou-se o tamanho da boca de larvas de tilápia-do-nilo e testou-se o efeito de diferentes granulometrias da ração sobre o ganho de peso, comprimento e sobrevivência das larvas aos 30 e 60 dias de arraçoamento. Avaliou-se também o método de sexagem por meio de microscopia de luz aos 35 dias de idade. A medida da boca das larvas apresentou valores médios de 918,2±152,9μm aos cinco dias de idade. De acordo com esse dado, testaram-se três granulometrias: 0,25, 0,35 e 0,50mm. Aos 30 e aos 60 dias de arraçoamento, 10 por cento das larvas foram medidas, pesadas e contadas para cálculo da taxa de sobrevivência. O tamanho dos grânulos testados não afetou o desempenho das larvas de tilápia nilótica com alimentação iniciada aos cinco dias pós-eclosão. Quanto à sexagem histológica aos 35 dias de idade, as gônadas apresentaram-se, em sua maioria, indiferenciadas. Recomenda-se que essa análise deva ser realizada de acordo com o tamanho dos animais e não com a idade.

The mouth size of Nile tilapia larvae and the effect of different diameters of crumble fish food over weight gain, total length, and survival of larvae after 30 and 60 days of feeding were studied. The method of gender diagnosis based on light microscopy at 35 days of age was also evaluated. The larval mouth measurement presented average values of 918.2±152.9μm at five days of age. Based on this information, three granule sizes were tested: 0.25, 0.35, and 0.50mm. At 30 and 60 days of feeding, 10 percent of larvae were measured, weighed, and counted to calculate the survival rate. It was verified that the crumble size did not affect the performance of Nile tilapia larvae when feeding was initiated five days after hatching. In relation to the histological gender diagnosis at 35 days of age, most of gonads were undifferentiated. Therefore, it is recommended that this analysis should be carried out according to the size of animals instead of their age.

Preparation of Cefuroxime Axetil Tablets by Dry Granulation / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To study the dry granulating technology in the preparation of cefuroxime axetil tablets so as to establish the preparative method.METHODS:With granule size,fluidity and yield as indexes to optimize the dry granulating technology for cefuroxime axetil tablets,and a comparative study was conducted on quality and stability of the samples prepared by wet process.RESULTS:The optimum conditions for the dry granulating technique were as follows:hydraulic pressure = 2.5～3 MPa,extrusion rate = 15～20 r?min-1,powder feed rate=200～300 g?min-1.The extrusion thickness was controlled at 1～2 mm.By circular dry granulating method,the proportion of qualified granules(16～30 meshes) was as high as above 90%,with an angle of repose of 30? and good mobility,and the yield was about 94%,with all indexes in line with the standards specified in Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2005 edition) in the accelerated test and permanent stability test.CONCLUSION:The optimized technological parameters and the mildly readjusted formulation can meet the requirements for the dry granulation method,with the stability of the product superior to that by wet method,and this method has a good reproducibility and shorter production cycle.