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SUMMARY: Although tacrolimus (TAC) significantly reduces allograft rejection incidence in solid-organ transplantation, its long-term use is associated with an increased risk of TAC-induced nephrotoxicity. In this study, we investigated the renoprotective effects of green tea extract (GTE) with or without the dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor, gemigliptin, by assessing serum creatinine levels, the amount of proteinuria, and histopathology in TAC-induced nephrotoxicity. TAC-induced nephrotoxicity was induced by intraperitoneal TAC injection, GTE was administered via subcutaneous injection, and gemigliptin was administered orally. Mice with TAC-induced nephrotoxicity exhibited a significant increase in both serum creatinine levels and 24-hour urine protein. However, when treated with GTE via subcutaneous injection, mice showed a decrease in serum creatinine levels and the amount of proteinuria. When GTE was combined with gemigliptin, further renoprotective effects were observed in biochemical assessments, consistent with the attenuation of TAC-induced nephrotoxicity in histopathology. The expression of p53 protein was lower in the mice treated with the combination of GTE and gemigliptin compared to mice with TAC-induced nephrotoxicity. Our results demonstrate that the combination of GTE and gemigliptin treatment reveals synergistic renoprotective effects by decreasing the expression of p53 protein. These findings suggest that the combination of GTE and gemigliptin could potentially be used as a prophylactic or therapeutic strategy for TAC-induced nephrotoxicity.
Aunque tacrolimus (TAC) reduce significativamente la incidencia de rechazo de aloinjertos en trasplantes de órganos sólidos, su uso a largo plazo se asocia con un mayor riesgo de nefrotoxicidad inducida por TAC. En este estudio, investigamos los efectos renoprotectores del extracto de té verde (GTE) con o sin el inhibidor de la dipeptidil peptidasa 4, gemigliptina, mediante la evaluación de los niveles de creatinina sérica, la cantidad de proteinuria y la histopatología en la nefrotoxicidad inducida por TAC. La nefrotoxicidad inducida por TAC se indujo mediante inyección intraperitoneal de TAC, el GTE se administró mediante inyección subcutánea y la gemigliptina se administró por vía oral. Los ratones con nefrotoxicidad inducida por TAC mostraron un aumento significativo tanto en los niveles de creatinina sérica como en la proteína en orina de 24 horas. Sin embargo, cuando se trataron con GTE mediante inyección subcutánea, los ratones mostraron una disminución en los niveles de creatinina sérica y en la cantidad de proteinuria. Cuando se combinó GTE con gemigliptina, se observaron efectos renoprotectores adicionales en las evaluaciones bioquímicas, lo que concuerda con la atenuación de la nefrotoxicidad inducida por TAC en histopatología. La expresión de la proteína p53 fue menor en los ratones tratados con la combinación de GTE y gemigliptina en comparación con los ratones con nefrotoxicidad inducida por TAC. Nuestros resultados demuestran que la combinación de tratamiento con GTE y gemigliptina revela efectos renoprotectores sinérgicos al disminuir la expresión de la proteína p53. Estos hallazgos sugieren que la combinación de GTE y gemigliptina podría usarse potencialmente como estrategia profiláctica o terapéutica para la nefrotoxicidad inducida por TAC.
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Animaux , Souris , Pipéridones/administration et posologie , Pyrimidines/administration et posologie , Thé , Extraits de plantes/administration et posologie , Tacrolimus/toxicité , Maladies du rein/traitement médicamenteux , Pipéridones/pharmacologie , Pyrimidines/pharmacologie , Extraits de plantes/pharmacologie , Agents protecteurs , Synergie des médicaments , Immunosuppresseurs/toxicité , Rein/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Maladies du rein/induit chimiquementRÉSUMÉ
【Objective】 A two-sample Mendelian randomization method was used to explore whether there is a causal relationship between the intake of alcohol, coffee, green tea and dairy products and the incidence of prostate cancer (PCa), in order to clarify the risk factors for the incidence of PCa and find a prevention pathway for PCa. 【Methods】 Data of alcohol, coffee, green tea, dairy products and prostate cancer were collected with genome-wide association study (GWAS).The causal relationship between their intake and the risk of PCa was analyzed with two-sample Mendelian randomization (2SMR).MR analysis was conducted with inverse-variance weighting (IVW).Sensitivity analysis was performed with weighted median, MR-Egger regression, Mendelian randomization pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO) tests. 【Results】 Coffee intake (OR: 0.994, 95%CI: 0.990-0.999, P=0.014) and green tea intake (OR: 0.999, 95%CI: 0.998-0.999, P=0.036) were negatively correlated with the risk of PCa.Alcohol intake (OR: 0.997, 95%CI: 0.990-1.004, P=0.392) and dairy intake (OR: 1.025, 95%CI: 0.983-1.069, P=0.256) were not associated with the risk of PCa.In weighted median, MR-Egger regression, and retention one method analyses, the results were robust without heterogeneity or pleiotropy. 【Conclusion】 There was a causal association between coffee intake and green tea intake and the onset of PCa, but no causal association between alcohol intake and dairy intake and PCa onset.
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Aim: This research focused on post-harvest technology for preserving tea leaves. The research introduces an innovative approach by incorporating an autonomous solar tracker into a flat plate solar collector, strategically optimizing its orientation towards the sun. The solar tracker, a low-cost and fully automatic prototype, plays a pivotal role in maximizing incident solar rays, thereby enhancing the overall energy absorption efficiency of the system at the same time increasing the quality of dried tea leaves.Methodology: The investigation delves into the realm of indirect solar drying methodologies, with a specific focus on the Sun-Tracking Solar Dryer (STSD). This sophisticated apparatus, engineered through the integration of light-dependent resistors, a wiper DC motor with gearbox, and a microcontroller, was developed within the confines of the Agricultural and Food Engineering department at IIT Kharagpur. Subsequent to its development, the study entails a comparative analysis wherein the position of the absorber in the dryer, as ascertained by the developed prototype, is juxtaposed with the ideal position requisite for optimal solar light incidence. Moreover, an examination of the dried tea leaves produced by the prototype is conducted, involving a comprehensive comparison with those dried using the conventional open sun drying method.Results: The instantiated prototype demonstrated commendable efficacy in aligning with the ideal position, exhibiting an average deviation of 3.25 degrees. Facilitated by this prototype, the attainment of the targeted moisture content in tea leaves was expedited, culminating 2 hours earlier than the conventional open sun drying method. The resultant dried product manifested a water activity of 0.531 and a DPPH radical scavenging activity of 73.53%, both registering a reduction in comparison to the open sun drying counterpart. Concurrently, the total phenolic content exhibited an increment of 11.48% when contrasted with the open sun drying process.Conclusion: The affordably developed prototype demonstrated exceptional capabilities in sun tracking, showcasing the promising potential for augmenting the efficiency of conventional flat plate solar collectors. Additionally, its performance in preserving the quality attributes of dried tea leaves was commendable.
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In recent years, the potential hepatotoxicity of green tea extract (GTE) has attracted more and more attention. With reference to the current studies on liver injury caused by GTE and the latest drug hepatotoxicity classification, this article systematically elaborates on the objectivity and causal mechanisms of liver injury caused by GTE. Based on the main risk factors for liver injury caused by GTE, this article also proposes recommendations for safe and rational use of such products, so as to provide valuable insights for in-depth research on the mechanism of liver injury caused by GTE and risk prevention and control, and meanwhile, it also provides an important reference for the therapeutic use of GTE to improve health conditions.
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Objective To optimize the microwave-assisted extraction process of green tea polyphenols. Methods The extraction yield of tea polyphenols was figured up by building the standard curve of gallic acid and examining the concentration of tea polyphenols in green tea extract with the introduction of a correction factor. The effects of four single factor levels of microwave extraction time, microwave output power, liquid-to-material yield, and ethanol volume fraction on the extraction yield of tea polyphenols were primarily studied in this experiment. The response surface was applied to further optimize the extraction process of green tea polyphenols after exploring the appropriate range of four single factor levels. Results The optimal extraction process was as follows: extraction time 37 s, microwave output power 350 w, material - liquid yield 1∶45 (g/ml), ethanol volume fraction 55%, and the actual extraction yield of tea polyphenols was 25.65%, which was not much different from the theoretical value. Conclusion The microwave-assisted green tea polyphenol extraction process optimized by response surface methodology is time-saving and practicable, and the extraction yield is high.
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Abstract Doxorubicin (Dox) is a medication used in the treatment of cancerous tumors and hematologic malignancies with potentially serious side effects, including the risk of cardiotoxicity. Flavonoids are plant metabolites with antioxidant properties and can be extracted from Camellia sinensis (CS). The aim of this study is to evaluate the possible cardioprotective effect of CS against injuries induced by Dox in rats. A total of 32 animals were distributed into four groups: (1) control - intraperitoneal injection (I.P.) of 0.5 mL saline weekly and 1.0 mL water by gavage daily; (2) CS - 0.5 mL saline I.P. weekly and 200 mg/kg CS by gavage daily; (3) Dox - 5.0 mg/kg Dox I.P. weekly and 1.0 mL water by gavage daily; and (4) Dox+CS -5.0 mg/kg Dox I.P. weekly and 200 mg/kg CS by gavage daily. Clinical examinations, blood profiles, electrocardiograms, echocardiograms, and histological analyses of hearts were performed over 25 days. The animals in the Dox group showed changes in body weight and in erythrogram, leukogram, electrocardiography, and echocardiography readings. However, animals from the dox+CS group had significantly less change in body weight, improved cardiac function, and showed more preserved cardiac tissue. This study demonstrated that CS prevents dox-induced cardiotoxicity, despite enhancing the cytotoxic effect on blood cells
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Animaux , Mâle , Rats , Doxorubicine/administration et posologie , Camellia sinensis/effets indésirables , Cardiotoxicité , Échocardiographie/instrumentation , Tumeurs hématologiques/anatomopathologie , Électrocardiographie/instrumentation , Antioxydants/pharmacologieRÉSUMÉ
Nos últimos anos, a obesidade vem aumentando consideravelmente entre adultos e crianças e, segundo a OMS, estima-se que em 2025 o número de obesos ultrapasse a 2,3 milhões em todo o mundo. O indivíduo obeso apresenta maiores riscos de desenvolver doenças crônicas não transmissíveis, como diabetes, doenças cardiovasculares, dislipidemias e ainda alguns tipos de cânceres. O tratamento para a obesidade é variado e inclui mudanças no estilo de vida como: hábitos alimentares e prática de atividade física, tratamento medicamentoso, cirurgia bariátrica e fitoterápicos com o potencial de auxiliar no tratamento. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar uma revisão bibliográfica a fim de avaliar os benefícios da utilização de medicamentos fitoterápicos como auxiliar no tratamento da obesidade, seus principais ativos, mecanismos de ação e sua utilização popular. Dentre as plantas pesquisadas e que demonstraram potencial para atuar no tratamento da obesidade encontram-se Camelia sinensis, Citrus aurantium, Hibiscus sabdariffa, Coffea arabica, Ephedra sinica, Zingiber oficinale e Senna alexandrina. Os principais mecanismos de ação envolvidos no potencial anti-obesidade das plantas medicinais são a capacidade de controle do apetite e ingestão de energia, estímulo da termogênese, inibição da lipase pancreática e redução da absorção de gordura, diminuição da lipogênese e aumento da lipólise. Desta forma, conclui-se que as plantas selecionadas neste estudo apresentaram efeitos positivos nos parâmetros bioquímicos e físicos, podendo ser incluídas nos protocolos como coadjuvantes nos tratamentos de emagrecimento.
In recent years, obesity has increased considerably among adults and children and according to the WHO, it is estimated that in 2025 the number of obese people will exceed 2.3 million worldwide. The obese individual is at greater risk of developing non-communicable chronic diseases, such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, dyslipidemia and even some types of cancer. The treatment for obesity is varied, including changes in lifestyle such as eating habits and physical activity, drug treatment, bariatric surgery and phytotherapy with the potential to aid in the treatment. The objective of this work was to carry out a literature review, evaluating the benefits of using herbal medicines as an aid in the treatment of obesity, their main assets, mechanisms of action and their popular use. Among the plants researched and that have shown potential to act in the treatment of obesity are Camelia sinensis, Citrus aurantium, Hibiscus sabdariffa, Coffea arabica, Ephedra sinica, Zingiber officiale and Senna alexandrina. The main mechanisms of action involved in the antiobesity potential of medicinal plants are the ability to control appetite and energy intake, thermogenesis stimulation, pancreatic lipase inhibition and reduction of fat absorption, lipogenesis decrease and lipolysis increase. Thus, it is concluded that the plants selected in this study showed positive effects on biochemical and physical parameters, and can be included in the protocols as adjuvants in weight loss treatments.
En los últimos años, la obesidad ha aumentado considerablemente entre adultos y niños y, según la OMS, se estima que en 2025 el número de obesos superará los 2,3 millones en todo el mundo. Los individuos obesos tienen un mayor riesgo de desarrollar enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles, como la diabetes, las enfermedades cardiovasculares, las dislipidemias e incluso algunos tipos de cáncer. El tratamiento de la obesidad es variado e incluye cambios en el estilo de vida como: hábitos alimenticios y práctica de actividad física, tratamiento farmacológico, cirugía bariátrica y medicamentos a base de hierbas con potencial para ayudar en el tratamiento. El objetivo de este trabajo fue realizar una revisión bibliográfica para evaluar los beneficios del uso de las hierbas medicinales como ayuda en el tratamiento de la obesidad, sus principales activos, mecanismos de acción y su uso popular. Entre las plantas investigadas y que mostraron potencial para actuar en el tratamiento de la obesidad están Camelia sinensis, Citrus aurantium, Hibiscus sabdariffa, Coffea arabica, Ephedra sinica, Zingiber oficinale y Senna alexandrina. Los principales mecanismos de acción implicados en el potencial antiobesidad de las plantas medicinales son la capacidad de controlar el apetito y la ingesta de energía, estimular la termogénesis, inhibir la lipasa pancreática y reducir la absorción de grasas, disminuir la lipogénesis y aumentar la lipólisis. Por lo tanto, se concluye que las plantas seleccionadas en este estudio mostraron efectos positivos sobre los parámetros bioquímicos y físicos, y pueden ser incluidas en los protocolos como coadyuvantes en los tratamientos de pérdida de peso.
Sujet(s)
Médicaments Phytothérapeutiques , Obésité/thérapie , Plantes médicinales/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Thé/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Perte de poids/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Citrus/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Zingiber officinale/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Surpoids/thérapieRÉSUMÉ
An experiment was conducted to assess the effect of natural antioxidants (black pepper, green tea, roselle and their combinations) on meat quality of broiler chickens. A total of 270 1 - day old Arbor Acre broiler chicks were randomly distributed into nine treatments of three replicates each (10 birds in each replicate) in a 2 x 5 factorial arrangement for 2 inclusion levels (0.5g and 1.0g per kg of feed) of natural antioxidants (Control (CT), Green tea (GT), Roselle (RS), Black pepper (BP) and combination (CM) of the 3 antioxidants). At the end of the feeding trial (at 8 weeks), nine birds per treatment were immobilized, slaughtered, dressed, weighed and cut into primal cuts. The growth (initial and final body weight gain, average daily feed intake and weight gain, and feed conversion) and blood assay (haematology and serum biochemistry) of the birds were monitored while the breast and thigh meat cuts were subjected to physico-chemical and sensory analysis. The result indicated that, among examined natural antioxidants, BP improved the bird抯 live weight. High Density Lipoprotein value was highest (p<0.05) in control and closely followed by birds on GT, CM, BP and RS. The lowest blood (p<0.05) cholesterol was recorded in RS which was closely followed by GT and CM. Carcass evaluation showed that birds fed BP had better (p<0.05) live weight (2.05kg) and highest acceptability (p<0.05) for organoleptic properties. The breast meat weight was also highest (p<0.05) in BP. It was concluded that the natural antioxidants increased live weight, improved performance and reduced abdominal fat. RS reduced blood cholesterol while RS, CM (GT + RS + BP) inclusion improved serum total protein of broiler chickens. Inclusion of natural antioxidant in the diets of broiler is hereby advocated for achieving optimum broilers performance and meat quality.
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Las catequinas del té verde (Camellia sinensis) (CTV) presentan efectos benéficos para la salud asociados a su potencial antioxidante. Por otra parte, el estrés oxidante es una de las vías de inducción de daño genotóxico. De ahí que, en la presente revisión se realizó un análisis de los efectos antigenotóxicos y genotóxicos de las CTV, haciendo énfasis en las vías implicadas en estos procesos y sus efectos en la salud. Se realizó una revisión de artículos indexados en las bases de datos de PubMed® y Science Direct® (2021) con las palabras clave "green tea" y "green tea catechins". Se delimitaron los estudios utilizando los operadores booleanos "AND", "OR" y "NOT" ("antigenotoxic", "genotoxic", "antioxidant" y "prooxidant"). En su mayoría se consideraron las publicaciones del 2016 al 2021. Se observó que los efectos benéficos en la salud de las CTV están relacionados con: a) su actividad antioxidante mediante la captura, inhibición y prevención de la formación de las especies reactivas de oxígeno; b) la regulación del sistema antioxidante endógeno; c) la activación de los mecanismos de reparación al contribuir en la eliminación del aducto 8-hidroxi-2'-desoxiguanosina; d) la inducción de apoptosis en células con daño al ADN; y e) la inhibición de la inflamación relacionada con su actividad antiapoptótica. Si bien, en algunos de los estudios se reportaron efectos genotóxicos, estos a su vez contribuyeron en la eliminación de células con daño genético, por lo que, no se puede considerar del todo a la actividad genotóxica de las CTV como perjudiciales para la salud(AU)
The green tea catechins (Camellia sinensis) (CTV) have beneficial effects for health associated with their antioxidant potential. Moreover, oxidative stress is one of the pathways for inducing genotoxic damage. Hence, in this review, an analysis of the antigenotoxic and genotoxic effects of CTV was carried out, emphasizing the pathways involved in these processes and their effects on health. A review of articles indexed in the PubMed® and ScienceDirect® (2021) databases with the keywords "green tea" and "green tea catechins" was carried out. Studies were delimited using the Boolean operators "AND", "OR" and "NOT" ("antigenotoxic", "genotoxic", "antioxidant" and "prooxidant"). For the most part, publications from 2016 to 2021 were considered. It was observed that the beneficial health effects of CTVs are related to: a) their antioxidant activity through the capture, inhibition and prevention of the formation of reactive oxygen species; b) the regulation of the endogenous antioxidant system; c) the activation of the repair mechanisms by contributing to the elimination of the 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine adduct; d) the induction of apoptosis in cells with DNA damage; and e) the inhibition of inflammation related to its antiapoptotic activity. Although some of the studies reported genotoxic effects, these in turn contributed to the elimination of cells with genetic damage. Therefore, the genotoxic activity of CTV cannot be considered as harmful to health
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Humains , Animaux , Thé/composition chimique , Catéchine/toxicité , Stress oxydatif/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Génotoxicité , Antioxydants/toxicité , Altération de l'ADN/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Espèces réactives de l'oxygène , Apoptose/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiquesRÉSUMÉ
Background: Mouth rinses are solutions or liquids used to rinse the mouth to have a therapeutic effect by relieving infection or preventing dental caries due to their antimicrobial properties. Aims: This study was carried out to compare the effect of 0.12% chlorhexidine mouth rinse and 0.5% green tea extract mouth rinse on the colony-forming units (CFUs) of Streptococcus mutans in plaque in children. Materials and Methods: The sample for the study consisted of fifty schoolchildren aged 8–12 years with four or more (decay component) of decayed, missing, and filled teeth index. Children were divided randomly into two groups and were asked to rinse with the prescribed mouth rinse twice daily for 2 weeks under supervision. The plaque samples were collected at baseline (prerinsing) and postrinsing and tested for the CFUs of S. mutans. Results: The results of the study indicate that there was a statistically significant reduction (pre- and postrinsing) in S. mutans colony count in both the study groups. There was no statistically significant difference in the reduction of S. mutans colony count between 0.12% chlorhexidine mouth rinse group and 0.5% green tea mouth rinse group. Conclusion: Green tea mouth rinse is effective against S. mutans – one of the major dental plaque microorganisms.
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Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has garnered tremendous interest as conventional methods include the use and production of toxic chemicals,products,by-products and reagents.In this regard,the synthesis of AgNPs using green tea (GT) extract and two of its components,(-)-epi-gallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and (+)-catechin (Ct) as capping/stabilizing agents,is reported.The syn-thesized AgNPs showed antibacterial activity against the bacterial strains Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli,along with anticancer activity against HeLa cells.After administering nanoparticles to the body,they come in contact with proteins and results in the formation of a protein corona;hence we studied the interactions of these biocompatible AgNPs with hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL) as a carrier protein.Static quenching mechanism was accountable for the quenching of HEWL fluorescence by the AgNPs.The binding constant (Kb) was found to be higher for EGCG-AgNPs ((2.309 ± 0.018) × 104 M-1)than for GT-AgNPs and Ct-AgNPs towards HEWL.EGCG-AgNPs increased the polarity near the binding site while Ct-AgNPs caused the opposite effect,but GT-AgNPs had no such observable effects.Circular dichroism studies indicated that the AgNPs had no such appreciable impact on the secondary structure of HEWL.The key findings of this research included the synthesis of AgNPs using GT extract and its con-stituent polyphenols,and showed significant antibacterial,anticancer and protein-binding properties.The-OH groups of the polyphenols drive the in situ capping/stabilization of the AgNPs during synthesis,which might offer new opportunities having implications for nanomedicine and nanodiagnostics.
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ABSTRACT@#Green tea (Camellia sinensis) has high level of flavonoids which are proven to have anti-inflammatory activity. Effect of flavonoids can be enhanced by nano-chitosan capsulation as drug carrier. Chitosan is polysaccharide derived from crustacean shells that mostly used as matrix of various drugs and plant extracts. The aim of this study was to determine the effectivity of flavonoids in green tea extract in nanochitosan capsulation towards the number of fibroblasts on proliferative phase of gingival wound healing process. Green tea was extracted, encapsulated with nano-chitosan and then made into gel. Gingiva labial of 24 male white 3-month-old Wistar rats were wounded by punch biopsy (2 mm diameter), then were treated two times a day, and were divided randomly into four groups of topical gel applications: green tea extract gel encapsulated nano-chitosan, green tea extract gel, base gel as negative control, and NSAIDs gel as positive control, starting at 0 day until 7th day. At 5th and 7th day, three rats from each group were decapitated and the mandibular gingiva was taken in order to make histology slides with hematoxylin eosin staining. Under microscope, the number of fibroblasts were examined. The data were analysed using ANOVA test with 95% confidence level. The results showed that the number of fibroblasts on proliferative phase was significantly higher than control negative (p < 0.05) and has no significant differences (p > 0.05) with control positive. In conclusion, topical application of green tea extract gel encapsulated nano-chitosan was effective to accelerate rats gingival wound healing process by increasing the fibroblasts.
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Camellia sinensis , Chitosane , Cicatrisation de plaie , Rat WistarRÉSUMÉ
Objective: Depression affects people living with HIV (PLWH) compliance leading to poor control infection. Previous observational studies showed an anti-depression effect of green tea extract (GTE). The therapeutic effect of GTE on depression were investigated in PLWH receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). Methods: Fifty PLWH on ART with diagnose of mild to moderate of depression, participated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial and underwent 12 weeks of treatment with either 400 mg GTE capsules or placebo twice daily. The Hamilton depression scale of patients was measured before, 6 weeks and 12 weeks after treatment in two groups. The primary outcome measure was performed to evaluate the efficacy of GTE in improving depressive symptoms. Results: The mean of Hamilton score showed a significant difference between the two groups after 12 weeks (P = 0.035). Repeated measures ANOVA test showed a significant effect for time × treatment interaction on the Hamilton mean score between the two groups (P = 0.000). Conclusion: It seems the use of GTE capsules in PLWH on ART is safe and could lead to greater and more rapid improvement in depressive symptoms than placebo. Thus it can be considered as an alternative therapy for mild to moderate depression. Further studies with higher sample size and longer follow-up and comparisons with other antidepressive drugs are warranted.
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Introdução: Alguns produtos à base de plantas podem afetar o pH salivar e a prevenção da cárie dentária. O consumo de chá tem efeitos inibidores sobre algumas bactérias orais. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito dos chás verde e preto sobre o pH salivar. Material e Métodos: neste estudo duplo-cego cruzado, amostras salivares de 50 estudantes saudáveis do sexo masculino da Faculdade de Odontologia de Zahedan, com idades entre 20-22 anos, foram coletadas para avaliação do pH salivar. Todos os voluntários foram solicitados a consumir chá preto comercial no primeiro dia e, em seguida, amostras de saliva foram coletadas antes de beber o chá, imediatamente após beber o chá, 5 e 10 minutos após o consumo do chá. Alternando com o consumo do chá verde, no segundo dia, as amostras de saliva foram coletadas novamente. Em seguida, o pH salivar foi estimado com um medidor de pH digital. Os dados foram analisados por meio de teste t independente e teste t de amostras pareadas. Resultados: O pH salivar médio antes e após o consumo de chá verde foi de 7,15 ± 0,05 e 7,56 ± 0,09, respectivamente, o que apresentou uma diferença notável (p <0,001). Foi de 7,14 ± 0,05 e 7,51 ± 0,10, respectivamente, para o chá preto, com diferença significativa (p <0,0001). O pH salivar médio após o consumo de chá verde foi significativamente maior do que o chá preto (p = 0,006). Conclusão: A ingestão de chá verde e preto levou a um aumento significativo no pH salivar, que foi maior após o consumo de chá verde em comparação com o chá preto. Este estudo sugere os efeitos benéficos de beber chá em fornecer um ambiente alcalino na cavidade oral (AU)
Background: Some herbal products could affect on salivary pH and prevention of dental caries. Tea consumption has inhibition effects on some oral bacteria. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of green and black tea on salivary pH. Material and Methods: In this double blinded cross-over trial, salivary samples of 50 healthy male students of Zahedan Faculty of Dentistry, aged 20-22 years old were collected for evaluation of salivary pH. All volunteers were asked to consume commercially black tea on the first day and then saliva samples were collected before drinking tea and immediately after drinking tea and 5 and 10 minutes after tea consumption. With replacing consumption of green tea, at the second day, saliva samples were collected again. Then the salivary pH was estimated with a digital pH-meter. Data were analyzed through independent t-test and paired samples t-test. Results: Mean salivary pH before and after green tea consumption were 7.15±0.05 and 7.56±0.09, respectively, which showed a remarkable difference (p<0.001). It was 7.14±0.05 and 7.51 ± 0.10, respectively, for black tea, with significant difference (p<0.001). Mean salivary pH after green tea consumption was significantly higher than black tea (p= 0.006). Conclusion:Both green and black tea intake led to a significant rise in salivary pH, which was higher after green tea consumption compared to black tea. This study suggests the beneficial effects of drinking tea in providing an alkaline environment in oral cavity (AU)
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Humains , Mâle , Adulte , Salive , Thé , Caries dentairesRÉSUMÉ
ABSTRACT Introduction: Most studies of green tea extract (GTE) combined with physical activity have reported a preventative effect for cardiovascular disease; however, the findings regarding the effects on serum lipids are controversial. Objective: This meta-analysis aimed to examine the evidence of the effects of GTE combined with physical activity on the serum lipid content in humans. Methods: In June 2017, we conducted electronic searches of PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library to identify pertinent studies: those with an experiment period exceeding two weeks, human randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and those that only assessed GTE with physical activity were included. A random effects model meta-analysis was used in this review. Results: A total of 271 citations were retrieved in our search of the electronic literature, and 7 RCTs, which included 608 individuals, were identified. Overall, there was no significant decrease in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (SMD:-0.169; 95% confidence interval [CI]:-0.414 to 0.076; I2=22.7%; p=0.177) or total cholesterol (TC) levels between the GTE and placebo combined with the physical activity group. Similar results were also observed for high density-lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglycerides (TG). In the subgroup and sensitivity analyses of the five studies, the TC levels of the subjects who received a lower dose of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) together with performing physical activity were significantly decreased. Conclusion: Current evidence suggests that green tea combined with physical activity does not improve the lipid and lipoprotein levels in humans. Level of evidence I; Systematic review.
RESUMO Introdução: A maioria dos estudos sobre extrato de chá verde (ECV) em combinação com atividade física relata efeito preventivo em doenças cardiovasculares; entretanto, os achados sobre os efeitos sobre lípides séricos são controversos. Objetivo: Esta metanálise tem como objetivo examinar as evidências dos efeitos do ECV em combinação com atividade física sobre o teor de lípides séricos no ser humano. Métodos: Em junho de 2017, realizamos pesquisas eletrônicas nos bancos de dados PubMed, Web of Science e Cochrane Library para identificar estudos pertinentes; foram incluídos os que tinham período experimental superior a duas semanas, estudos clínicos randomizados (ECRs) e que avaliaram apenas ECV com atividade física. Neste trabalho, empregamos o modelo de metanálise de efeitos aleatórios. Resultados: Um total de 271 citações foi recuperado em nossa busca, e sete ECRs foram identificados, totalizando 608 indivíduos incluídos. No geral, não houve redução significativa nos níveis da lipoproteína de baixa densidade do colesterol (LDL-C) (DMP: -0,169; 95% de intervalo de confiança [IC]: -0,414 a 0,076; I2 = 22,7%; p = 0,177) ou no colesterol total (CT) entre o ECV e placebo combinados com o Grupo atividade física. Resultados semelhantes foram observados também para a lipoproteína de alta densidade do colesterol (HDL-C) e para os triglicérides (TG). No subgrupo e nas análises de sensibilidade de cinco estudos, os níveis de CT dos indivíduos que receberam dose mais baixa de epigalocatequina-3-galato (EGCG) em combinação com atividade física foram significativamente reduzidos. Conclusão: A evidência atual sugere que o chá verde em combinação com atividade física não melhora os níveis de lípides e lipoproteínas no ser humano. Nível de Evidência I; Revisão sistemática.
RESUMEN Introducción: La mayoría de los estudios sobre extracto de té verde (ETV) en combinación con actividad física relata efecto preventivo en enfermedades cardiovasculares; entretanto, los hallazgos sobre los efectos sobre lípidos séricos son controvertidos. Objetivo: Este metaanálisis tiene como objetivo examinar las evidencias de los efectos del ETV en combinación con actividad física sobre el tenor de lípidos séricos en el ser humano. Métodos: En junio de 2017, realizamos búsquedas electrónicas en los bancos de datos PubMed, Web of Science y Cochrane Library para identificar estudios pertinentes; fueron incluidos los que tenían período experimental superior a dos semanas, estudios clínicos aleatorizados (ECAs) y que evaluaron sólo ETV con actividad física. En este trabajo, empleamos el modelo de metaanálisis de efectos aleatorios. Resultados: Un total de 271 citaciones fue recuperado en nuestra búsqueda, y siete ECAs fueron identificados, totalizando 608 individuos incluidos. En general, no hubo reducción significativa en los niveles de la lipoproteína de baja densidad del colesterol (LDL-C) (DPE: -0,169; 95% de intervalo de confianza [IC]: -0,414 a 0,076; I2 = 22,7%; p = 0,177) o en el colesterol total (CT) entre el ETV y placebo combinados con el Grupo actividad física. Fueron observados resultados semejantes también para la lipoproteína de alta densidad del colesterol (HDL-C) y para los triglicéridos (TG). En el subgrupo y en los análisis de sensibilidad de cinco estudios, los niveles de CT de los individuos que recibieron dosis más baja de epigalocatequina-3-galato (EGCG) en combinación con actividad física fueron significativamente reducidos. Conclusión: La evidencia actual sugiere que el té verde en combinación con actividad física no mejora los niveles de lípidos y lipoproteínas en el ser humano. Nivel de Evidencia I; Revisión sistemática.
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RESUMEN Introducción: El té verde (Camellia sinensis) y el propóleo presentan flavonoides, que inhiben el crecimiento, metabolismo y la coagregación del Streptococcus mutans, principal agente causal de la caries dental. Objetivo: Evaluar la actividad antibacteriana in vitro del extracto etanólico del té verde (Camellia sinensis) al 10 por ciento y 20 por ciento comparado con extracto etanólico de propóleo al 10 por ciento y 20 por ciento, frente al crecimiento de cepas de Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175). Métodos: Estudio experimental in vitro, longitudinal, prospectivo y comparativo. El universo estuvo constituido por 90 discos de difusión y la muestra por 15 discos embebidos en té verde (Camellia sinensis) o propóleo a diferentes concentraciones, clorhexidina acuosa al 0,12 por ciento y agua destilada. El tamaño de muestra se calculó por fórmula de comparación de medias, después de realizar un estudio piloto. Se colocaron los discos de difusión embebidos en las sustancias sobre agar Mueller Hinton, sembrado con Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175), haciendo medición del ancho de los halos inhibitorios a las 24 y 48 h. Se aplicaron pruebas de comparación no paramétricas de Kruskal Wallis y la prueba rangos de Wilcoxon. Resultados: El máximo ancho de halo inhibitorio logrado por clorhexidina acuosa al 0,12 por ciento, extracto etanólico de té verde (Camellia sinensis) al 20 por ciento y extracto etanólico de propóleo al 20 por ciento fue a las 24 h con valores de 10,64 mm ± 0,924 mm, 6,82 mm ± 0,982 mm y 8,36 mm ± 1,286 mm, respectivamente. El extracto etanólico de té verde (Camellia sinensis) al 20 por ciento, presentó diferencias estadísticamente significativas respecto al extracto etanólico de propóleo al 20 por ciento, tanto a las 24 h (p= 0,013), como a las 48 h (p= 0,011). Conclusiones: Frente al crecimiento de cepas de Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175), el extracto etanólico de propóleo al 20 por ciento presenta mayor actividad antibacteriana respecto al extracto etanólico de té verde (Camellia sinensis) al 10 por ciento y 20 por ciento, actividad que disminuye con el paso del tiempo(AU)
ABSTRACT Introduction: Green tea (Camellia sinensis) and propolis contain flavonoids which inhibit the growth, metabolism and co-aggregation of Streptococcus mutans, the main causative agent of dental caries. Objective: Evaluate the antibacterial activity in vitro of 10 percent and 20 percent green tea (Camellia sinensis) ethanolic extract versus 10 percent and 20 percent propolis ethanolic extract against the growth of Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175) strains. Methods: An in vitro experimental prospective longitudinal comparative study was conducted. The study universe was 90 diffusion disks and the sample was 15 disks soaked up in green tea (Camellia sinensis) or propolis at various concentrations, 0.12 percent aqueous chlorhexidine and distilled water. Sample size was estimated by the comparison of means formula after conducting a pilot study. The diffusion disks soaked up in the substances were placed on Mueller Hinton agar planted with Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175) and the width of the inhibition haloes was measured at 24 h and 48 h. Nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis comparison tests and the Wilcoxon rank test were performed. Results: The maximum width of the inhibition halo achieved by 0.12 percent aqueous chlorhexidine, 20 percent green tea (Camellia sinensis) ethanolic extract, and 20 percent propolis ethanolic extract at 24 h was 10.64 mm ± 0.924 mm, 6.82 mm ± 0.982 mm and 8.36 mm ± 1.286 mm, respectively. The 20 percent green tea (Camellia sinensis) ethanolic extract showed statistically significant differences with respect to the 20 percent propolis ethanolic extract, both at 24 h (p= 0.013) and at 48 h (p= 0.011). Conclusions: The 20 percent propolis ethanolic extract displays greater antibacterial activity against the growth of Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175) strains than the 10 percent and 20 percent green tea (Camellia sinensis) ethanolic extract. This activity decreases with the passing of time(AU)
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Humains , Propolis/usage thérapeutique , Streptococcus mutans/cytologie , Chlorhexidine/usage thérapeutique , Camellia sinensis/effets indésirables , Antibactériens/effets indésirables , Études prospectives , Études longitudinalesRÉSUMÉ
Background:East Java green tea leaf (Camelia sinensis)possesed active compound such as EpigallocatechinGallate (EGCG) is well known for enhancing the boneremodelling through enhancement of VascularEndothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and FibroblastGrowth Factors (FGF-2). Remodelling of alveolar boneis very important to obtain optimal Orthodontic ToothMovement (OTM) to align the tooth. Aim: Toinvestigate the expression of VEGF and FGF-2expression during OTM in Wistar rat afteradministration of EGCG from C. sinensis Extract(EGCG-CSE) Wistar rats. Material and Methods: Thisstudy was true experimental study with post-test onlycontrol group design. Twenty eight Wistar rats wererandomly selected and divided into four groupsaccordingly; K- group which did not get both EGCGCSE administration and OTM; K+ group with OTM for14 days, but no EGCG-CSE administration; 1 (T1) with4 days of OTM and 7 days of EGCG-CSEadministration; treatment group 2 (T2) with both 14days OTM and EGCG-CSE administration. Ten g2 force/mm of NiTi close coil spring was installedbetween the upper left molars and cental insicive tomove the molar mesially that induce OTM. All OTMthanimal model were terminated in the 14 days.Maxillary was isolated for immunohistochemistryinvestigation. Tukey Honest Significant Difference(HSD) was done after Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)test to investigate the significant difference betweengroups (p<0.05). Results: The highest positive VEGFexpression was found in the T2 in both area.Meanwhile, the highest positive FGF-2 expression wasfound in the K-group in both area. There weresignificant different of VEGF and FGF-2 expression inboth area between groups except T1 and T2.Conclusion: Post administration of EGCG-CSE canstimulate the VEGF and FGF-2 expression during OTMin Wistar rats.
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Activated pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) have been widely accepted as a key precursor of excessive pancreatic fibrosis, which is a crucial hallmark of chronic pancreatitis (CP) and its formidable associated disease, pancreatic cancer (PC). Hence, anti-fibrotic therapy has been identified as a novel therapeutic strategy for treating CP and PC by targeting PSCs. Most of the anti-fibrotic agents have been limited to phase I/II clinical trials involving vitamin analogs, which are abundant in medicinal plants and have proved to be promising for clinical application. The use of phytomedicines, as new anti-fibrotic agents, has been applied to a variety of complementary and alternative approaches. The aim of this review was to present a focused update on the selective new potential anti-fibrotic agents, including curcumin, resveratrol, rhein, emodin, green tea catechin derivatives, metformin, eruberin A, and ellagic acid, in combating PSC in CP and PC models. It aimed to describe the mechanism(s) of the phytochemicals used, either alone or in combination, and the associated molecular targets. Most of them were tested in PC models with similar mechanism of actions, and curcumin was tested intensively. Future research may explore the issues of bioavailability, drug design, and nano-formulation, in order to achieve successful clinical outcomes with promising activity and tolerability.
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OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the phenolic composition, antioxidant properties, and hepatoprotective mechanisms of polyphenols from green tea extract (GTP) in carbon tetrachloride (CCl)-induced acute liver injury mouse model.@*METHODS@#High-performance liquid chromatography was used to analyze the chemical composition of the extract. Antioxidant activity of GTP was assessed by O, OH, DPPH, and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay in vitro. Sixty Kunming mice were divided into 6 groups including control, model, low-, medium-, and high-doses GTP (200, 400, 800 mg/kg) and vitamin E (250 mg/kg) groups, 10 in each group. GTP and vitamin E were administered at a level of abovementioned doses twice per day for 7 days prior to exposure to a single injection of CCl. Hepatoprotective effects of GTP were evaluated in a CCl-induced mouse model of acute liver injury, using commercial enzyme linked immunosorbent assay kits, histopathological observation, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTPNick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay and Western blot.@*RESULTS@#GTP contained 98.56 µg gallic acid equivalents per milligram extract total polyphenols, including epicatechingallate, epigallocatechin gallate, epicatechin, and epigallocatechin. Compared with the model group, low-, medium-, or high doses GTP significantly decreased serum levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate transaminase (P<0.01). Histopathological observation confirmed that pretreatment of GTP prevented swelling and necrosis in CCl-exposed hepatocytes. Hepatoprotective effects of low-, medium-, and high-dose GTP were associated with eliminating free radicals and improving superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activity in the liver. Additionally, low-, medium-, and high-dose GTP decreased cell apoptosis in the CCl-exposed liver (P<0.01). Phosphorylated nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), p53, Bcl-2 associated x protein/B-cell lymphoma/leukemia-2 gene, cytochrome C, and cleaved caspase-3 levels were downregulated compared with the model group (P<0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#GTP achieves hepatoprotective effects by improving hepatic antioxidant status and preventing cell apoptosis through caspase-3-dependent signaling pathways.
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Objective: Vital bleaching is a popular treatment option for discolored teeth; but at post-treatment stage, loss of adhesion is highly reported. Literature focused on antioxidant application for the answer of this issue. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of six different antioxidants on color stability of bleached teeth. Material and Methods: This study included total of 84 extracted intact non-carious lower incisors. 35% hydrogen peroxide was applied on the labial surfaces of specimens in accordance with manufacturer's instructions. The bleached teeth were divided into 7 groups. No antioxidants were applied to the control group. For the experimental groups, the following antioxidants were applied for 10 minutes each: 5% proanthocyanidin, 5% sodium ascorbate, 5% lycopene, %5 green tea, %5 white tea and %5 α-tocopherol. CIE L*, a* and b* values of the teeth were measured by a spectrophotometer. One-way ANOVA was used to determine the differences among the groups. Multiple comparisons were examined with Tukey HSD. Results: The one-way ANOVA test revealed a statistically significant difference between the groups (p < 0.005). Highest color change was observed in lycopene group and the lowest in green tea group. Conclusion: Proanthocyanidin, white tea and green tea could be considered as post-bleaching antioxidant alternatives based on their herbal nature. (AU)
Objetivo: O clareamento vital é uma opção popular de tratamento para dentes descoloridos, mas na fase pós-tratamento, a perda de adesão é altamente relatada. A literatura enfocou a aplicação de antioxidantes para a resposta desta questão. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar os efeitos de seis diferentes antioxidantes na estabilidade da cor de dentes clareados. Material e Métodos: Este estudo incluiu um total de 84 incisivos inferiores extraídos, intactos e não cariados. Peróxido de hidrogênio a 35% foi aplicado nas superfícies labiais dos espécimes de acordo com as instruções do fabricante. Os dentes clareados foram divididos em 7 grupos. Nenhum antioxidante foi aplicado ao grupo controle. Para os grupos experimentais, os seguintes antioxidantes foram aplicados por 10 minutos cada: proantocianidina a 5%, ascorbato de sódio a 5%, licopeno a 5%, chá verde a 5%, chá branco a 5% e α-tocoferol a 5%. Os valores CIE L *, a * e b * dos dentes foram medidos por um espectrofotômetro. ANOVA um fator foi usada para determinar as diferenças entre os grupos. As comparações múltiplas foram examinadas com Tukey HSD. Resultados: O teste ANOVA revelou uma diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos (p <0,005). A maior mudança de cor foi observada no grupo do licopeno e a menor no grupo do chá verde. Conclusão: Proantocianidina, chá branco e chá verde podem ser considerados como alternativas antioxidantes pós-clareamento com base em sua natureza fitoterápica. (AU)