THE INTEGRATION OF THE EASTERN AND WESTERN MEDICINE THROUGH THE PERUVIAN CORTEX / Монголын эм зүй, эм судлал

Introduction: This work includes information on diseases and important rich experiences of medicine. However, the initial work has not been clearly stated in the versions. The reason and purpose to do our research is that the work has not been introduced to the practice. Methods: The document analysis, logical argumentation, comparative historical research and hermeneutics have been utilized in the research. Results: 1. Five years were spent to print the four original copies of the work by the help of scholars and Jesuit fathers. An original copy of the work is kept in the Royal Academy of Sciences in Paris and another original copy is in the Royal Library in Copenhagen. 2. The work illustrates anatomy, diagnosis of diseases, medicine and treatments. It is interesting that the story of the work is stated in the first topic. 3. By comparing Mongolian versions, the topic on anatomy was absent in the version of Zodovjav’s translation. Different time and different word choice of translations influenced dissimilar versions in Mongolian. Conclusion: 1. This work was written in the first two decades of the 18th century by the order of Emperor K’ang Hsi of Manchu. 2. This work is the medicine book that connects Eastern medicine to Western.3. Even though translations of word are different in the versions, the contents are alike.Key words: Manchu anatomy, mandated, Emperor K’ang Hsi, Jesuit fathers

The integration of the eastern and western medicine through the Peruvian cortex / Монголын эм зүй, эм судлал

Introduction@#This work includes information on diseases and important rich experiences of medicine. However, the initial work has not been clearly stated in the versions. The reason and purpose to do our research is that the work has not been introduced to the practice. @*Methods@#The document analysis, logical argumentation, comparative historical research and hermeneutics have been utilized in the research.@*Results@#</br>1. Five years were spent to print the four original copies of the work by the help of scholars and Jesuit fathers. An original copy of the work is kept in the Royal Academy of Sciences in Paris and another original copy is in the Royal Library in Copenhagen. </br>2. The work illustrates anatomy, diagnosis of diseases, medicine and treatments. It is interesting that the story of the work is stated in the first topic. </br>3. By comparing Mongolian versions, the topic on anatomy was absent in the version of Zodovjav’s translation. Different time and different word choice of translations influenced dissimilar versions in Mongolian.@*Conclusion@#</br>1. This work was written in the first two decades of the 18th century by the order of Emperor K’ang Hsi of Manchu. </br>2. This work is the medicine book that connects Eastern medicine to Western. </br>3. Even though translations of word are different in the versions, the contents are alike.

Desplazamiento forzado, niñez y adolescencia: escenarios en relación con su estabilización socioeconómica / Forced displacement, childhood and adolescence: scenarios regarding socioeconomic stability

Objetivo Describir y analizar escenarios de estabilización socioeconómica para población en situación de desplazamiento forzado, en los que se preste especial atención a la situación de niños, niñas y adolescentes. Métodos Se utiliza, a partir de talleres de expertos, el método Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), elaborado por el profesor Thomas Saaty con participación investigadores, ONG y de comunidades en situación de desplazamiento del Área Metropolitana de Bucaramanga. Resultados El resultado parcial de esta investigación muestra como algunos adultos mayores de comunidades en situación de desplazamiento forzado prefieren adaptarse a los centros urbanos, antes que retornar sus lugares de origen, en particular cuando se trata de la protección y el bienestar de sus hijos menores. El índice de consistencia y la relación de consistencia del método están dentro de los parámetros previstos. Conclusión Es necesario repensar los programas de estabilización socioeconómica promovidos por el gobierno en relación con la población en situación de desplazamiento forzado, en particular cuando se prevén situaciones que comprometen el bienestar de los niños, niñas y adolecentes.

Objective Describing and analysing socio-economic stabilisation scenarios for populations which have been forcibly displaced paying special attention to the situation of children and adolescents. Method The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) multi-criteria decision-making method developed by Professor Thomas Saaty was used through expert workshops, involving researchers, leaders of NGOs and displaced communities living in the city of Bucaramanga. Results The partial result of this research showed that some elderly adults from forcibly displaced communities preferred to adapt themselves to urban centres, rather than return to their places of origin, particularly when it came to protecting younger children and dealing with their welfare. The method's consistency index and consistency ratio came within the expected parameters. Conclusion Government-promoted social and economic stabilisation programmes must be rethought regarding forcibly displaced populations, particularly when situations are envisaged involving the welfare of children and adolescents.

Analysis and Countermeasure for Complex Cases in Adoption Paternity Testing / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

[Objective] To explore how to deal with the paternity test of complex adoption cases. [Method] Samples from 13 families, in which adoptive parents were suspected related to biological parents, were genotyped using "Identifder + Sinofder + Powerplex 16" combined system (D8S1179, D21S11, D7S820, CSFIPO, D3S1358, TH01, D13S317, D16S539, D2S1338, D19S433, VWA, TPOX, D18S51, D5S818, FGA, D6S1043, D12S391, PentaD, PentaE) followed by further statistical analysis. [Result] Among all 13 cases, 2 were completely accordance with the Mendel law, PI > 10 000. There found more than 3 inconsistent loci in 8 cases. And found 1～2 inconsistent loci in 3 cases, needed to test more STR loci until PI≥10 000. The half sibling index (HSI) was also calculated with ITO method. The adoptive parents of 2 cases were not excluded from a full sibling with biological parents. In addition, Y-STR loci were tested for 4 cases (father/son). Two adoptive fathers of them were not excluded from the paternal relationship with biological fathers. [Conclusion] The most (76.9%) of all (13) complex adoptive cases of paternity test could be drawn a definite conclusion with combined system of "Identifder + Sinefiler + Powerplexl6". Minority (23.1%) of them was not definite yet and needed testing more STIR loci. Meanwhile, we suggested adding Y-STR tests and providing HSI for reference.

The Usefulness of Heavy Smoking Index as a Test for Nicotine Dependence

BACKGROUND: The Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) is a widely used six-item questionnaire. Its completion require a few minutes, but such time may be too much for busy clinicians and large epidemiologic surveys. The goals of this study was to compare the sensitivity and the specificity of Heavy Smoking Index (HSI) of high nicotine dependence. METHODS: The FTND was administered to 943 current smokers from a smoking-cessation clinic in Gwangjin-gu, Seoul. The HSI which combines two items of the FTND (the number of cigarettes per day and the time of the first cigarette of the day) was compared to the FTND. We measured cigarette per day, duration of smoking, and age of smoking initiation. RESULTS: A cutoff score equal or greater than 4 on the HSI detected a similar rate of nicotine dependence as a cutoff score equal or greater than 6 on the FTND. The HSI showed a sensitivity of 88.0% and a specificity of 86.5%. The concordance between the two instruments was high (kappa= 0.74). CONCLUSION: The HSI was proven to be very useful. If HSI had a proper validity, the HSI can be a good standard of high nicotine dependence for busy clinician and epidemiologists.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI) and Surgical Decision of Traumatic and Degenerative Cervical Spine Lesions

We undertook a retrospective analysis of 20 patients admitted to the Department of Neurosurgery, Dongsan Medical Center, Keimyung University, utilizing Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI) to make diagnosis and surgical indication of traumatic and degenerative cervical spine lesions. All patients were taken T1 Weighted Lmage(T1WI), T2 Weighted Image(T2WI) and Gradient echo on 2.0 Telsa unit. Pre-and postoperative were obtained in 4 cases with degenerative lesion. All patients could be evaluated the extent and degree of soft tissue injury including intramedullary contusion or hemorrhage, acute or chronic disc herniation, osteophytes, cord compression, epidural/paravertebral hematoma, ligamentous avulsion, fractures and malalignment. High-signal-intensity(HSI) was observed on T2WI in 10 patients with myelopathy. HSI diminished postoperatively in the patients who improved clinically, and remained the same in one case whose conditions remained uncharged after decompression. Preliminary experience with Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI) in the evaluation of traumatic and degenerative cervical spine lesions reveal many advantages over the computed tomoography, plain radiographs and myelography. Futhermore, HSI of the spinal cord produced by compressive lessions appears to be an important indicator for predicting prognosis.