RÉSUMÉ
A field experiment was conducted in kharif season 2020 to study the effect of sowing time and row spacing on growth, yield and agro-climatic indices of Cotton at Research Farm, Department of Agricultural Meteorology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. The experiment was performed in split-plot design and replicated thrice. The experiment included nine treatment combinations with three sowing dates and row spacings. Among different sowing times, cotton sown on 19th April had significantly higher plant height (176.3 cm), dry matter accumulation (453.39 g plant-1), LAI (1.92), GDD (Growing Degree Days), HTU (Heliothermal Units), PTU (Photothermal Units) and seed cotton yield (3057 kg ha-1) in comparison to sowing in May i.e. May 8th and May 28th. Among various row spacings, cotton planted with a row spacing of 67.5 cm x 60 cm produced significantly higher seed cotton (2657 kg ha-1) and plant height (156.40 cm), although growth parameters i.e. LAI (2.26) and dry matter accumulation (397.92 g plant-1) alongwith Agro-climatic indices (GDD, HTU, PTU) were observed to be greater with a row spacing of 100 x 60 cm.
RÉSUMÉ
A field experiment was conducted on experimental farm of Dept. of Agricultural Meteorology, Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, Maharasthra, India during the during kharif season 2015 under rainfed condition to find the relationship of pheno thermal and heat use efficiency indices with yield. The field experiment was laid out in factorial randomized bock design with five sowing dates (i.e. 25th, 26th, 27th, 28th and 29th SMW) and three varieties (viz., BDN-711, BSMR-736 and BSMR-853) with three replications. The sowing dates significantly influenced on the phenology, growth, development and yield attributes. The dry spell experienced during sowing to emergence period in first sowing date (25th SMW sowing) and thereafter no rainfall condition during remaining period of sowings viz., 26th, 27th, 28th and 29th SMW, therefore, emergence and final plant count was observed lowest in 25th SMW (30 and 29 %) and highest in 27th SMW sowing (92 %). Hence, significantly highest dry matter plant-1, no. of pods plant-1, seed weight and seed yield plant-1 was observed in 25th SMW sowing; seed yield (417.7 kg ha-1), seed yield heat use efficiency (0.20 kg ha-1 0C day-1) was recorded highest in 27th SMW sowing and lowest in 25th SMW sowing. Significantly highest no. of pods plant-1, seed weight and seed yield plant-1, seed yield heat use efficiency, pheno thermal index was observed in BDN-711 variety and significantly lowest in BSMR-853 variety. The significantly highest total dry matter plant-1 was observed in BSMR-853 and lowest in BDN-711 variety. Significantly highest GDD, HTU and PTU required for completion of different phenophases were recorded in BSMR-736 variety and significantly lowest in BDN-711 variety. Weather indices viz., GDD, HTU, PTU, PTI showed non-significant correlation at all the phenophases with seed yield of pigeonpea. The yield prediction model based on thermal indices and seed yield heat use efficiency at floral bud initiation to 50 % flowering and at 50 % flowering to 50 % pod formation phenophases was found useful in assessing the crop yield one and half to one month in advance.
RÉSUMÉ
India ranks third in the world in the area and production of rapeseed mustard. Rapeseed mustard accounts for approximately 80% of all rabi oilseed production Currently, rapeseed cultivation accounts for less than 1% of the total area of rapeseed mustard in India. Weather is a very important factor among various abiotic stressors that affect crop growth and yield. Therefore, the plant response is greatly influenced by changes in the growing environment such as sowing date, rainfall, and temperature. Weather parameters play an important role in determining plant growth development and yield as the physical expression and various metabolic processes of a plant's genetic potential are strongly influenced by environmental factors. Rape blossoms are usually sown from mid-October to mid-November. Under multiple cropping systems after transplanting winter rice, the sowing time is usually from mid-November onwards. The thermal unit increased up to 120 DAS and decreased slightly upon maturation. Delayed sowing results in stunted growth, premature ripening, and a significant reduction in yield, primarily due to increased temperatures during grain-filling. In addition, late sowing depletes soil moisture, which adversely affects crop performance. Therefore, sowing at different dates is discussed in this review to find the optimum time to harvest more yield.
RÉSUMÉ
The present study proposes to measure the thermal requirements, heat and radiation use efficiency of kharif soybean cultivars (NRC 37, GS 1 and GS 2) in the central region of Gujarat. The findings of study conclude that among all the different geometry 30 x 10 cm produced highest seed (4403 kg/ha) and total biomass yield (5818 kg/ha) over the other two spacing because higher heat use efficiency (heat use efficiency (HUE) for Growing degree day (GDD)- 0.69 kg/ha/°C Day; HUE for Heliothermal units (HTU) - 0.14 kg/ha/°C Day hour; HUE for Photothermal units (PTU) - 0.05 kg/ha/°C Day hour). The cultivar NRC 37 (4415 kg/ha) produced highest seed yield followed by GS 1 (3799 kg/ha) and GS 2 (3670 kg/ha). Heat unit requirement of cultivar NRC 37 (GDD - 1952°C Day; HTU – 9894°C Day hour; PTU-25974°C day hour) was more as compared to GS 2 (GDD - 1951°C day; HTU – 9893°C day hour; PTU-25973°C day hour) and GS 1 (GDD - 1931°C day; HTU – 9809°C day hour; PTU-25681°C day hour), respectively. The radiation use efficiency (RUE) for seed yield and biomass are more in 45 x 5 cm geometry.