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Objective@#To explore the use of personal audio devices and hearing impairment among high school students, so as to provide reference for the development of adolescent hearing health work.@*Methods@#The simple random sampling method was used to collect research data relating to 1 768 high school students. The situation of personal audio players, headphone and hearing damage were investigated by using a self designed questionnaire, so as to identify the related factors of hearing impairment which were analyzed statistically by multivariate Logistic regression.@*Results@#The use rate of PAP and earphones was 98.64% and 94.12 %, respectively, and the use rate of female students(99.68%, 96.42%) was higher than that of male students(97.43%, 91.43 %)( χ 2=16.69, 19.79, P <0.01). Hearing impairment accounted for 13.35%. The Logistic regression analysis showed that PAP service years ( OR =1.59, P <0.05) were related to hearing impairment. Gender ( OR =0.60), in ear earphones ( OR =1.38), earplug earphones ( OR =1.37), and quiet use >1 h ( OR =1.50) were independently influenced with symptoms of hearing impairment during/after earphone use( P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#High usage rates of personal audio equipment among high school students lead to hearing impairment and related symptoms. Non essential use should be reduced.
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Objective To study the middle ear damage caused by high pressure. Methods The finite element model of human middle ear was established based on CT scanning, and the change of stress, strain and displacement of the tympanic membrane and the stapes footplate was analyzed when the model was applied with time-varying pressure. Results The satisfactory agreement between the computational results and the corresponding experimental data in the literature indicated the validity of the model. High pressure would cause damage to the middle ear, and the damage would increase with the pressure increasing. Rapid pressurization could severely damage the middle ear, but with a small effect on the inner ear. Slow pressurization could also lead to the middle ear damage, but the inner ear might be damaged before the damage to the middle ear. Conclusions High pressure can easily lead to the ear damage; therefore, the pressurized rate should be controlled strictly during pressurization in order to protect the hearing.
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Objective · To investigate the risk factors of hearing damage in child patients with severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (NHB) and follow up their prognosis. Methods · Clinical data of 106 newborns with severe NHB in neonatal ward of Shanghai Children's Medical Center from June 2015 to June 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. According to total serum bilirubin (TSB) level, they were divided into three groups, severe NHB group (342.0 μmol/L<TSB peak <427.5 μmol/L), very severe NHB group (TSB peak range 427.5-513.0 μmol/L), and fatal NHB group (TSB peak >513.0 μmol/L). Automatic auditory brainstem response (AABR) was used to evaluate the hearing ability of children in hospital, while those who got abnormal results would undergo diagnostic test of auditory brainstem response (ABR) when 3 months old. Auditory behavioral response of all 106 child patients at 3 and 6 months old were followed up. Results · There were totally 106 cases in three groups, among which 33 cases (33/106, 31.13%) got abnormal results at hearing screening in hospital, 22 cases (22/86, 25.58%) in severe NHB group, 9 cases (9/16, 56.25%) in very severe NHB group, and 2 cases (2/4, 50.00%) in fatal NHB group. The difference between groups was statistically significant (all P<0.05). All 33 patients not passing AABR in hospital came to undergo diagnostic test of ABR through regular education by a specially assigned person when 3 months old. Two children were diagnosed mild hearing damage. One of them was considered being caused by tympanitis. All children had good situation of auditory behavioral response at 3 and 6 months old in follow-up. Conclusion · Severe NHB is one of the high risk factors of hearing damage in neonates. The morbidity of hearing damage was higher with the increase of TSB level. The hearing damage caused by severe NHB might be reversible. It also suggested that the follow-up plan should be improved. The hearing damage caused by severe NHB might have no obvious effect on children in daily life, but long term follow-up of these children is still needed.
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Objective To study the middle ear damage caused by high pressure.Methods The finite element model of human middle ear was established based on CT scanning,and the change of stress,strain and displacement of the tympanic membrane and stapes footplate was analyzed when the model was applied with timevarying pressure.Results The satisfactory agreement between the computational results and the corresponding experimental data in the literature could indicate the validity of the model.High pressure would cause damage to middle ear,and the damage would be aggravated with the pressure increasing.Rapid pressurization could make severely damage to middle ear,but have minor effect on inner ear.Slow pressurization could also lead to middle ear damage,but inner ear might be damaged before the injury to middle ear.Conclusions High pressure can easily lead to the ear damage;therefore,the pressurized rate should be controlled strictly to protect the hearing during pressurization.
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Objective To study the middle ear damage caused by high pressure.Methods The finite element model of human middle ear was established based on CT scanning,and the change of stress,strain and displacement of the tympanic membrane and stapes footplate was analyzed when the model was applied with timevarying pressure.Results The satisfactory agreement between the computational results and the corresponding experimental data in the literature could indicate the validity of the model.High pressure would cause damage to middle ear,and the damage would be aggravated with the pressure increasing.Rapid pressurization could make severely damage to middle ear,but have minor effect on inner ear.Slow pressurization could also lead to middle ear damage,but inner ear might be damaged before the injury to middle ear.Conclusions High pressure can easily lead to the ear damage;therefore,the pressurized rate should be controlled strictly to protect the hearing during pressurization.
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Objective · To investigate the risk factors of hearing damage in child patients with severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (NHB) and follow up their prognosis. Methods · Clinical data of 106 newborns with severe NHB in neonatal ward of Shanghai Children's Medical Center from June 2015 to June 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. According to total serum bilirubin (TSB) level, they were divided into three groups, severe NHB group (342.0 μmol/L<TSB peak <427.5 μmol/L), very severe NHB group (TSB peak range 427.5-513.0 μmol/L), and fatal NHB group (TSB peak >513.0 μmol/L). Automatic auditory brainstem response (AABR) was used to evaluate the hearing ability of children in hospital, while those who got abnormal results would undergo diagnostic test of auditory brainstem response (ABR) when 3 months old. Auditory behavioral response of all 106 child patients at 3 and 6 months old were followed up. Results · There were totally 106 cases in three groups, among which 33 cases (33/106, 31.13%) got abnormal results at hearing screening in hospital, 22 cases (22/86, 25.58%) in severe NHB group, 9 cases (9/16, 56.25%) in very severe NHB group, and 2 cases (2/4, 50.00%) in fatal NHB group. The difference between groups was statistically significant (all P<0.05). All 33 patients not passing AABR in hospital came to undergo diagnostic test of ABR through regular education by a specially assigned person when 3 months old. Two children were diagnosed mild hearing damage. One of them was considered being caused by tympanitis. All children had good situation of auditory behavioral response at 3 and 6 months old in follow-up. Conclusion · Severe NHB is one of the high risk factors of hearing damage in neonates. The morbidity of hearing damage was higher with the increase of TSB level. The hearing damage caused by severe NHB might be reversible. It also suggested that the follow-up plan should be improved. The hearing damage caused by severe NHB might have no obvious effect on children in daily life, but long term follow-up of these children is still needed.
Résumé
Objective To study the middle ear damage caused by high pressure.Methods The finite element model of human middle ear was established based on CT scanning,and the change of stress,strain and displacement of the tympanic membrane and stapes footplate was analyzed when the model was applied with timevarying pressure.Results The satisfactory agreement between the computational results and the corresponding experimental data in the literature could indicate the validity of the model.High pressure would cause damage to middle ear,and the damage would be aggravated with the pressure increasing.Rapid pressurization could make severely damage to middle ear,but have minor effect on inner ear.Slow pressurization could also lead to middle ear damage,but inner ear might be damaged before the injury to middle ear.Conclusions High pressure can easily lead to the ear damage;therefore,the pressurized rate should be controlled strictly to protect the hearing during pressurization.
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Objective To explore the prognosis and risk factors of the hearing damages caused by bacterial meningitis in children.Methods A systematic retrospective analysis was carryed out based on their clinical data,the brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) test and follow-up evaluation in 63 pediatric patients diagnosed with bacterial meningitis from Jun.2011 to May 2013 in Urumqi Children's Hospital.The duration from onset to the first BAEP test,CRP results,ethnics,genders,age white blood cell count,protein and glucose levels in cerebros pinal fluid (CSF)were compared between the BAEP abnormal group and BAEP normal group.Results Fifty children were detected by BAEP.The hearing damage at single or both ears with different severity were found in 22 cases,so the incidence of abnormanity was 44％.Six cases in which were suffered from auditory pathway disorders at a single ear,including 4 cases in left ears,and 2 cases in right ears,while 16 cases were in both ears.Among them,peripheral auditory pathway damages with hearing abnormalities were found in 21 cases.Central auditory pathway damage of brainstem was found only in 1 case.Sixteen cases with BAEP abnormalities were followed up in 1-6 months.Four ears of 3 cases with severe hearing damages were not improved and eventually became paratonic sensorineural hearing loss.There was no difference of the duration from onset to the first BAEP test,CRP results,ethnics and genders between the BAEP abnormal group and BAEP normal group (all P ＞ 0.05).However,in BAEP abnormal group,the cases of white blood cell count ≥ 1000 ×106/L (18 cases),protein ≥ 1.5 g/L (15 cases),glucose levels ≤ 1.0 mmol/L (11 cases),in CSF age ≤ 1 year old (18 cases) were significantly higher those in BAEP normal group (14 cases,9 cases,5 cases,14 cases,respectively)(x2 =5.14,6.42,5.85,5.41,all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Hearing damages are common complications of the bacterial meningitis in children,and severe hearing damages may difficult to recover in the early stage.The risk factors of hearing damages caused by the bacterial meningitis in children are age,white blood cell count,protein and glucose levels in CSF.It is quite important to finish the early BAEP tests and follow up at regular intervals for bocterial meningitis in chindren.