Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Montrer: 20 | 50 | 100
Résultats 1 - 20 de 144
Filtre
1.
Chinese Journal of Blood Transfusion ; (12): 21-25, 2024.
Article Dans Chinois | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1024952

Résumé

【Objective】 To investigate the prevalence of Hepatitis E virus (HEV) among blood donors in Wuhan urban agglomeration, aimed at providing data support for the development of HEV screening strategies for blood donors. 【Methods】 A total of 3 329 blood samples were collected from four centralized testing areas (Ezhou, Tianmen, Xiantao and Qianjiang) and screened at Wuhan Blood Center from January to December 2021. Among them, 2 737 were eligible blood samples with normal ALT (ALT normal group) and 592 were with elevated ALT (ALT elevated group). Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect anti-HEV IgG, anti-HEV IgM and HEV-Ag, and Real-time PCR was used to perform single HEV RNA detection on blood samples with elevated ALT and normal ALT anti-HEV IgM+ blood samples. A two-sided Pearson’s chi-squared test or Fisher's exact test was used to evaluate the differences in the positive rates of anti-HEV IgG and anti-HEV IgM in different regions and ALT groups. 【Results】 The overall positive rates of anti-HEV IgG, anti-HEV IgM, and HEV-Ag in 3 329 blood samples from four regions were 21.63%, 1.29%, and 0%, respectively. There was a significant difference in the positive rates of anti-HEV IgG among blood donors in different regions (P<0.05). The highest positive rate of anti-HEV IgG was found in Tianmen 29.44% (136/462), followed by Qianjiang 22.69% (236/1 040), Xiantao 22.66% (230/1 015), and Ezhou 14.53% (118/812). The positive rates of anti-HEV IgG and anti-HEV IgM in blood samples with elevated ALT were significantly higher than that in normal ALT samples (25.68% vs 20.75%, 2.53% vs 1.02%, both P<0.05). However, none of the samples was HEV RNA positive. 【Conclusion】 HEV is prevalent among blood donors in Wuhan urban agglomeration with extremely low current infection rates, and the prevalence of anti-HEV IgG serum varies among different regions. The prevalence of anti-HEV antibodies in blood donors with elevated ALT is significantly higher than that in normal ALT donors.

2.
Organ Transplantation ; (6): 352-358, 2024.
Article Dans Chinois | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1016898

Résumé

Hepatitis E virus infection is a common cause of acute viral hepatitis. In recent years, the incidence of hepatitis E has shown an increasing trend, which has gradually become an important cause of acute viral hepatitis worldwide. Age, sex, intensity of immunosuppression and socio-economic factors are all risk factors for hepatitis E virus infection. Liver transplant recipients require long-term use of immunosuppressive drugs for anti rejection treatment, prone to hepatitis E virus infection and at the risk of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis due to immunosuppression status. Therefore, special attention should be paid to liver transplant recipients in clinical practice. Meantime, related risk factors should be identified to assist diagnosis and take stricter preventive measures. According to literature review, the etiological characteristics of hepatitis E virus and the epidemiological characteristics, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of hepatitis E virus infection in liver transplant recipients were reviewed, aiming to properly monitor, treat and prevent hepatitis E virus infection in liver transplant recipients in clinical practice, improving the prognosis of liver transplant recipients.

3.
Chinese Journal of Laboratory Medicine ; (12): 210-215, 2024.
Article Dans Chinois | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1029914

Résumé

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the major pathogen responsible for acute viral hepatitis in China. Recently, there have been new advances in the methodologies and novel discoveries in the laboratory diagnosis of HEV, including various diagnostic markers such as HEV RNA, HEV antigen, anti-HEV IgM, and anti-HEV IgG. A multi-indicator diagnostic approach should be applied across different populations, including patients with acute or chronic hepatitis E, individuals with extra-hepatic clinical symptoms, asymptomatic carriers, and specific occupational groups undergoing health assessments. The clinical significance of test results for each marker varies among these different groups.

4.
Braz. j. infect. dis ; 28(1): 103720, 2024. tab, graf
Article Dans Anglais | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1550135

Résumé

Abstract Background While the sexual transmissibility of HAV in MSM has been extensively described, the potential for sexual transmission of HEV has not been definitively established. Although HEV has been detected in the ejaculate of chronically infected men, studies among MSM PrEP users in France did not observe an elevated anti-HEV seroprevalence as an indicator of increased exposure risk by sexual intercourse. Patients and methods A total of 111 unselected PrEP users and 111 age- and sex-matched blood donors were tested for anti-HEV IgG, IgM and HEV (PCR). Of the participants 79/111 (71 %) responded to a questionnaire covering topics as sexual preferences, previous sexually transmitted diseases, profession, food consumption, and pet ownership. Results The anti-HEV IgG seroprevalence in PrEP users (22 %) did not differ significantly from the rate in controls (17 %). While one PrEP user and three controls tested positive for anti-HEV IgM, all PrEP users and controls tested PCR negative. Conclusion In immunocompetent individuals with frequent changes of sexual partners, the epidemiology of Hepatitis E Virus does not significantly involve the sexual transmission route.

5.
Journal of Clinical Hepatology ; (12): 2448-2453, 2023.
Article Dans Chinois | WPRIM | ID: wpr-998313

Résumé

Previous studies have shown that hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection in pregnancy can cause liver failure and adverse pregnancy outcomes such as miscarriage, stillbirth, and vertical transmission, especially in countries where HEV genotypes 1 and 2 are prevalent. In recent years, HEV infection in China is sporadic and is mainly caused by HEV genotype 4, and although studies have shown that most pregnant women with HEV infection in China have no signfinicant clinical symptoms, there is still a high incidence rate of adverse pregnancy outcomes. This article reviews the recent studies on HEV infection in pregnancy, including the advances in pathogenesis, epidemiology, prognosis, mechanism of severe exacerbation, treatment, and prognosis, and puts forward recommendations for the screening and evaluation of HEV infection in pregnancy.

6.
Journal of Clinical Hepatology ; (12): 2530-2537, 2023.
Article Dans Chinois | WPRIM | ID: wpr-998805

Résumé

‍Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is the most common cause of acute viral hepatitis worldwide, and over the past ten years, studies have shown that HEV can not only cause acute self-limiting hepatitis, but also lead to severe and chronic infection. Pregnant women or patients with underlying liver disease may progress to liver failure after HEV infection, resulting in a relatively high mortality rate, and patients receiving solid organ transplantation may progress to chronic hepatitis after HFV infection. This article introduces the diagnosis, clinical features, transmission, prevention, and treatment of severe and chronic HEV infection, discusses the features of immune response, inflammatory response, and the virus itself during the severe exacerbation and chronicity of HEV infection, and summarizes the mechanism in promoting the progression of HEV. Nevertheless, there are still large gaps between current studies and clinical application, and there is still a lack of effective diagnosis and treatment regimens for severe and chronic HEV infection. It is necessary for clinical researchers to conduct research on the pathogenesis of hepatitis E and systematic cohort studies and improve the level of clinical nursing, thereby achieving the goal of preventing hepatitis E and improving the prognosis of patients with hepatitis E.

7.
Journal of Clinical Hepatology ; (12): 2538-2542, 2023.
Article Dans Chinois | WPRIM | ID: wpr-998806

Résumé

‍Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a pathogen for viral hepatitis and can be transmitted across species via animals. The incidence rate of hepatitis E caused by HEV infection ranks first among acute viral hepatitis worldwide, and now it has become a major public health issue that threatens human health. In recent years, more and more species have been identified as the natural hosts of HEV, and there are more routes for the interspecies transmission of HEV, which greatly inhibits the prevention and control of this virus. Therefore, this article reviews and discusses the advances in the interspecies transmission of HEV, so as to provide a reference for the prevention and control of HEV.

8.
Journal of Clinical Hepatology ; (12): 2674-2681, 2023.
Article Dans Chinois | WPRIM | ID: wpr-998826

Résumé

‍Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection can cause acute, fulminant, and chronic hepatitis and is thus a worldwide health problem. The general population has no obvious symptoms or only mild symptoms after HEV infection, and most symptoms are self-limited and are easily ignored in clinical diagnosis. Previous reports have shown that HEV infection can cause dysfunction in multiple systems, especially the blood system, in which it often leads to a series of adverse outcomes. Comprehensive evaluation, early diagnosis, and early intervention of these HEV-related diseases will greatly reduce the medical burden of individuals and society. With reference to the previous reports, this article reviews the blood system diseases associated with HEV infection.

9.
Chinese Journal of Blood Transfusion ; (12): 444-447, 2023.
Article Dans Chinois | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1004844

Résumé

【Objective】 To evaluate the viability of nucleic acid test(NAT) of human parvovirus B19 (HPV B19), hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV) along with routine NAT for voluntary blood donors, and to analyze HPV B19, HAV and HEV prevalence in Nantong, so as to provide reference for rational blood screening programs. 【Methods】 HPV B19 DNA, HAV RNA and HEV RNA of blood donors in Nantong from November 2021 to May 2022 were detected using NAT, and serological antibody testing was performed on NAT reactive samples. 【Results】 Three HPV B19 DNA was yielded out of 3 440 blood donors, with a positive rate of 0.09%, among which 2 were negative for HPV B19-IgM and 1 was undetermined due to insufficient sample size. HAV RNA and HEV RNA were not detected in 3 440 blood donors. HPV B19, HAV, and HEV NAT were conducted simultaneously with routine HBV, HCV and HIV screening, prolonging the test reports by 20 minutes. 【Conclusion】 Although the HPV B19 DNA, HAV RNA and HEV RNA prevalence among voluntary blood donors in Nantong is low, the risk of transfusion transmitted infection still exsits and can be reduced by NAT.

10.
Chinese Journal of Blood Transfusion ; (12): 167-171, 2023.
Article Dans Chinois | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1004866

Résumé

【Objective】 To analyze the serological markers and RNA prevalence of HEV infection in Chinese voluntary blood donors in different regions of China, so as to provide basis for the necessity of HEV screening and the formulation of screening strategies for voluntary blood donors. 【Methods】 Databases such as CNKI, Wanfang medicine and PubMed were searched for eligible literature, and the literature data meeting the inclusion criteria were extracted for meta-analysis using R4.1.3 software. 【Results】 A total of 26 studies were included, involving 97 928, 117 831 and 82 673 cases, respectively, for anti-HEV IgG, anti-HEV IgM and HEV RNA. The pooled estimated prevalence of anti-HEV IgG, anti-HEV IgM and HEV RNA among Chinese voluntary blood donors was 23.0% [95% CI (18%, 29%)] vs 1.13% [95% CI (0.94%, 1.36%)] vs 0.028%[95%CI(0.006%, 0.059%)], and there were significant differences among different cities and regions. 【Conclusion】 The past infection rate of HEV among voluntary blood donors in China was somewhat high and with significant regional differences. The current infection rate was relatively low and had decreased compared with that in the past decade, but there was still residual risk of blood transfusion. It is necessary to pay more attention to blood HEV screening of voluntary blood donors.

11.
Chinese Journal of Hepatology ; (12): 449-454, 2023.
Article Dans Chinois | WPRIM | ID: wpr-986151

Résumé

This paper summarizes the incidence, modes of transmission, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of chronic hepatitis E.


Sujets)
Humains , Hépatite E/prévention et contrôle , Hépatite chronique/épidémiologie , Incidence
12.
Chinese Journal of Hepatology ; (12): 455-459, 2023.
Article Dans Chinois | WPRIM | ID: wpr-986152

Résumé

Hepatitis E is a viral hepatitis that the hepatitis E virus (HEV) causes. In the early 1980s, the hepatitis E virus was first discovered and identified, and it is one of the important pathogens that cause acute viral hepatitis globally. HEV infection is usually self-limiting, but in some groups of populations, such as pregnant women, patients with chronic liver disease, and the elderly, the prognosis is poor and may result in acute or subacute liver failure or even death. In addition, HEV infection can occur in chronically immunocompromised populations. At present, some regions and countries are not paying enough attention to hepatitis E prevention, diagnosis, and treatment, which suggests that we should study the epidemiology of HEV infection.


Sujets)
Humains , Femelle , Grossesse , Sujet âgé , Hépatite E/épidémiologie , Virus de l'hépatite E/génétique , Pronostic , Défaillance hépatique , Complications infectieuses de la grossesse
13.
Chinese Journal of Hepatology ; (12): 460-465, 2023.
Article Dans Chinois | WPRIM | ID: wpr-986153

Résumé

Hepatitis type E virus (HEV) is a significant infectious zoonotic disease that causes hepatitis E. The disease is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route through contaminated water or food and is transmissible between species and genera. The causative agent for the disease is the hepatitis type E virus, which is a member of the Hepadnaviridae family and a single-stranded RNA virus. Its 7.2 kb genome mainly contains three open reading frames (ORFs): ORF1 encodes a non-structural polyprotein that mediates viral replication and transcription; ORF2 encodes a capsid protein and free antigen that induce neutralizing antibodies; ORF3 partially overlaps with ORF2 and encodes a small multifunctional protein involved in virion formation and release. HEV has a unique dual life cycle: it is excreted into feces in the form of naked virions but circulates in the blood in the form of "quasi-enveloped" particles. The two kinds of virus particles adsorb and penetrate the host cell in distinct ways, then internalize and decapsulate to replicate the genome, thereby producing more virion and releasing it outside the cell to mediate the virus's spread. This paper reviews the morphological characteristics, genome structure, encoded proteins, and function of HEV virus-like particles in order to provide a theoretical basis for basic research and comprehensive disease prevention and control.


Sujets)
Humains , Virus de l'hépatite E/génétique , Hépatite E
14.
Chinese Journal of Hepatology ; (12): 466-470, 2023.
Article Dans Chinois | WPRIM | ID: wpr-986154

Résumé

Hepatitis type E virus (HEV) infection is a common cause of acute viral hepatitis in China, and its etiological diagnosis relies on laboratory detection. Therefore, this article introduces the HEV RNA, HEV antigen, anti-HEV IgM, and IgG detection methods and their diagnostic application value. In addition, it also discusses the current international diagnostic standard and HEV infection presentation.


Sujets)
Humains , ARN viral , Anticorps de l'hépatite , Techniques de laboratoire clinique/méthodes , Virus de l'hépatite E , Immunoglobuline M , Hépatite
15.
Chinese Journal of Endemiology ; (12): 809-814, 2022.
Article Dans Chinois | WPRIM | ID: wpr-991526

Résumé

Objective:To learn about the infection and gene polymorphisms of hepatitis E virus (HEV) in murine-shaped animals of plague foci in Yunnan Province.Methods:From July to August 2019, around 16 natural villages (4 in Mile City, 6 in Mangshi and 6 in Lianghe County), which were the foci of domestic plague in Yunnan Province, the murine-shaped animals were captured by the night-time method. The liver RNA was extracted, and the target gene of rat HEV was detected by one-step real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR, and the positive rate of rat HEV was calculated. The rat HEV positive samples were amplified by PCR for further clone sequencing, and the resulting sequences were compared with the HEV sequences registered in the GenBank and a phylogenetic tree was constructed by using MegAlign and MEGA 7.0.Results:A total of 491 murine-shaped animals were captured from 3 orders, 5 families, 8 genera, 15 species, and the positive rate of rat HEV was 4.89% (24/491). Among them, the positive rate of Rattus tanezumi and Niviventer fulvescens was 9.39% (23/245) and 1/3, respectively; and other species were negative. There was a statistically significant difference in the positive rate of rat HEV between different habitats ( P = 0.014), and the positive rate of rat HEV in the habitats near the dwellings was higher than that in other habitats ( P < 0.05). The sequence comparison analysis showed that the gene sequence of P018 from Lianghe County was 100.0% homologous to the MG813927.1 sequence of the first patient with rat HEV in Hongkong, and it was clustered into the same branch with the sequences of MG813927.1 and LC549185.1 from rat, was the type HEV C. G024 from Mangshi shared a low homology (20.7% - 31.5%) with other virus strains, and it was clustered into the same branch with a HEV sequence from an avian (AY535004.1). Conclusions:Rat HEV is prevalent in murine-shaped animals of plague foci of Yunnan Province, and there may be gene polymorphisms of rat HEV. In addition, the difference infection rate may be related to the habitats.

16.
Chinese Journal of Blood Transfusion ; (12): 644-647, 2022.
Article Dans Chinois | WPRIM | ID: wpr-1004226

Résumé

【Objective】 To investigate the situation of hepatitis E virus(HEV) infection among voluntary blood donors in Wuhan area and provide evidences for enhancing blood screening strategies. 【Methods】 HEV nucleic acid detection(NAT) was performed on blood samples from eligible blood donors in Wuhan from November to December 2020. The testing results were analyzed, and the blood donors with repeated reactive results were followed up to clarify the status of infection. 【Results】 Routine screening was performed on 17 409 blood samples from November to December 2020. A total of 17 322 blood samples of eligible blood donors were tested for HEV NAT, and one case of HEV RNA reactivity was detected. The results from the follow-ups showed that the blood donor should be in the window period of HEV seroconversion. The current HEV infection rate of voluntary blood donors in Wuhan arewas 0.058‰(1/17 322), which was lower than other domestic areas. 【Conclusion】 The current HEV infection rate of voluntary blood donors was at a relatively low prevalence level in Wuhan area. Selective blood screening strategies can be taken to further reduce potential risk of blood transfusion infection with hepatitis E virus.

17.
Braz. j. infect. dis ; 26(2): 102350, 2022. tab
Article Dans Anglais | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1384116

Résumé

Abstract A cross-sectional study was carried out in the Hematology and Hemotherapy Institute of the state of Mato Grosso do Sul (Hemosul) to evaluate the seroprevalence and risk factors of Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) exposure among volunteer blood donors in Central Brazil. Two-hundred fifty samples from the biorepository were tested for anti-HEV IgG and IgM using the Wantai HEV ELISA test. The seroprevalence of HEV exposure was 6.4% (95% CI: 3.9-10.2). Being born in another state of Brazil, mainly in the Southeast and South regions, was associated with a higher risk of HEV exposure (p < 0.001).

18.
Braz. j. infect. dis ; 26(1): 102329, 2022. tab, graf
Article Dans Anglais | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1364547

Résumé

Abstract It is debatable whether HIV-infected patients are at greater risk for hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection compared with healthy subjects. The reported anti-HEV seroprevalence among different groups in Bulgaria varied from 9.04% to 25.9%, but the information regarding the HIV population is still missing. The aim of the present study was to evaluate hepatitis E seroprevalence among HIV-infected patients in Bulgaria and to analyze demographic and immunological factors associated with HEV infection. Serum samples of 312 HIV-infected patients were analyzed retrospectively. Age, sex, residence and laboratory markers for HEV, HBV, HCV and HIV infection, and lymphocytes subpopulations were collected for all patients. None of the tested samples were positive for HEV RNA. HEV seroprevalence among HIV-infected patients was 10.9%. Males were more affected with the highest prevalence of positivity in the age group > 30 to ≤ 40 years. The documented HIV transmission routes in HIV/HEV co-infected group were heterosexual, homosexual, intravenous drug use (IDU), and vertical with predominace of the heterosexual route (z = 0.2; p = 0.804). There was a statistically significant trend of HIV mixed infection with routes of HIV transmission other than homosexual - heterosexual in HIV/HEV group and injection drug use in HIV/HBV/HCV co-infected group. The route of HIV transmission, in contexts of patients' behavior, was associated with HEV prevalence among HIV-infected patients.

19.
Article Dans Espagnol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1407803

Résumé

Resumen El virus de la hepatitis E (VHE) es uno de los principales agentes etiológicos de hepatitis entérica en el mundo. En países en vía de desarrollo, la seroprevalencia oscila entre 20 y 50% y en países desarrollados entre 4,4 y 21%. Clínicamente los casos de infección por VHE en individuos inmunocompetentes cursan como una hepatitis viral aguda auto limitada; por el contrario, en mujeres embarazadas, individuos receptores de trasplantes de órganos e individuos que conviven con el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH), la infección puede manifestarse como una hepatitis crónica y grave. En América Latina, sólo Brasil y Argentina reportan cifras en individuos que conviven con el VIH. Se requieren más estudios en nuestra región que permitan determinar la prevalencia del VHE en individuos inmunosuprimidos, donantes de sangre y población general para adoptar medidas que garanticen un diagnóstico oportuno, acceso a la atención y el control de la transmisión.


Abstract The hepatitis E virus (HEV) is one of the main etiological agents of enteric hepatitis in the world. In developing countries its sero-prevalence ranges from 20 to 50% and in developed countries from 4.4% to 21%. Clinically, cases of HEV infection in immunocompetent individuals present as self-limited acute viral hepatitis; conversely, in pregnant women, transplanted individuals, and individuals living with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the infection can manifest as chronic and severe hepatitis. In Latin America, only Brazil and Argentina report figures for individuals living with HIV. More studies are required in our region to determine the prevalence of HEV in immunosuppressed individuals, blood donors, and the general population to adopt measures that guarantee timely diagnosis, access to care, and control of transmission.

20.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 73(5): 1237-1242, Sept.-Oct. 2021. ilus
Article Dans Anglais | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1345252

Résumé

A hepatite E é uma zoonose emergente que afeta diversas espécies de mamíferos, inclusive o ser humano. É ocasionada por um vírus da espécie Orthohepevirus A que possui diversos genótipos e subgenótipos. No Brasil é descrito o genótipo HEV-3, cujo principal reservatório é o porco doméstico. Testes moleculares e sorológicos demonstram o HEV-3 em diferentes estados, tanto em animais quanto em humanos. No estado de São Paulo, existem diversos estudos sobre a epidemiologia da hepatite E em humanos, mas faltam informações sobre o HEV-3 em suínos. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a ocorrência de HEV por meio da técnica de RT-PCR e posterior sequenciamento em um banco de amostras de fezes de suínos colhidas entre 2008 e 2009, na região metropolitana de Campinas. Das 89 amostras analisadas, foi possível detectar o HEV-3 em sete e, pela reconstrução filogenética, foram encontrados os subgenótipos HEV-3b, HEV-3h, e HEV-3j. Uma amostra disponível no GenBank, proveniente de São Paulo, que ainda não havia sido subgenotipada, foi agrupada ao HEV-3i. Os subgenótipos HEV-3j e HEV-3i ainda não tinham sido relatados no país. O estudo demonstra uma grande diversidade genética do HEV no estado de São Paulo e reforça o caráter zoonótico da HEV-3.(AU)


Sujets)
Animaux , Virus de l'hépatite E/génétique , Hépatite E/épidémiologie , Sus scrofa/virologie , Phylogenèse , Variation génétique , Hépatite E/médecine vétérinaire
SÉLECTION CITATIONS
Détails de la recherche