Résumé
El objetivo de este estudio fue describir los parámetros hematológicos en 69 polluelos en cautiverio de origen silvestre, clínicamente sanos, menores de tres meses de edad, en cuatro especies de psitácidos: Pionus senilis (n = 18), Amazona albifrons (n = 15), Amazona autumnalis (n = 25) y Amazona oratrix (n = 11), procedentes de la región central de México. Para determinar dichos parámetros, de cada ejemplar se obtuvieron 500 µl de sangre por punción de la vena braquial. En las cuatro especies citadas, el porcentaje del hematocrito fue de 56,4 ± 3,36; 51 ± 6,52; 47,6 ± 6,47 y 53,8 ± 9,26; el VCM en fl fue de 184,6 ± 13,4; 142,0 ± 25,4; 106,3 ± 11,7 y 162,3 ± 71,9; la cuenta eritrocítica fue de 4,7 ± 2,1 x10(6)/µl; 6,1 ± 8,2 x10(6)/µl; 6,9 ± 1,2 x10(6)/µl y 5,4 ± 1,1 x10(6)/µl; y la cuenta leucocitaria de 3,06 ± 0,15 x10³/µl; 3,62 ± 0,24 x10³/µl; 4,48 ± 0,36 x10³/µl y 3,56 ± 0,71 x10³/µl respectivamente para P. senilis, A. albifrons, A. autumnalis y A. oratrix. Se constató tendencia a la heterofilia en A. albifrons y A. oratrix, lo cual puede ser de gran utilidad para un diagnóstico cada vez más preciso en la clínica de aves en cautiverio.
The aim of this study, conducted in central Mexico, was to describe the hematological parameters in 69 wild chicks of psittacine kept in captivity, younger than three months of age of four different species: Pionus senilis (n = 18), Amazona albifrons (n = 15), Amazona autumnalis (n = 25) and Amazona oratrix (n = 11). All parrots were sampled to obtaind 500 µl of blood for quantifying hematological parameters. Hematocrit percentage was 56.4 ± 3.36, 51 ± 6.52, 47.6 ± 6.47 and 53.8 ± 9.26; the MCV (fl) was 184.6 ± 13.4, 142.0 ± 25.4, 106.3 ± 11.7 and 162.3 ± 71.9; the erythrocyte count was, 4.7 ± 2.1x10(6)/μl, 6.1 ± 8.2 x10(6)/μl, 6.9 ± 1.2 x10(6)/μl and 5.4 ± 1.1 x10(6)/μl, and leukocyte count was of 3.06 ± 0.15 x10³/µl, 3.62 ± 0.24 x10³/µl, 4.48 ± 0.36 x10³/µl y 3.56 ± 0.71 x10³/µl respectively for P. senilis, A. albifrons, A. autumnalis y A. oratrix. There was a trend to heterophilia in A. oratrix and A. albifrons, which represents a contribution that may be useful for more precise diagnosis in avian clinical practice.
Résumé
Victoria amazonica (Poepp.) J.C. Sowerby é uma hidrófita que ocorre nas várzeas de águas brancas e igapós da Bacia Amazônica e na Bacia do rio Paraguai. A morfologia da flor, fruto e plântula/"tirodendro" é objeto do presente trabalho. O material botânico foi coletado em Parintins e Manaus, estado do Amazonas, Brasil. A análise morfológica foi feita em material fresco e fixado em FAA 50. O desenvolvimento das plântulas foi realizado no escuro em frascos com água com teor reduzido de oxigênio. As flores possuem pedicelo longo e são hemicíclicas, diclamídeas, monoclinas e com antese vespertina. Os frutos são carnosos, indeiscentes, com pseudossincarpia. As sementes apresentam arilo que atua na dispersão pela água. As plântulas se desenvolvem em condições de hipoxia e apresentam um cotilédone exposto acicular. O "tirodendro" apresenta eofilos com heterofilia. As flores apresentam caracteres morfológicos básicos da família, a definição do tipo de fruto exige estudo ontogenético e a heterofilia é um caráter típico de plântulas/"tirodendros"de Nymphaeaceae.
Victoria amazonica (Poepp.) J.C. Sowerby is a hydrophyte that occurs in the white water leas and igapos of the Amazonian and Paraguay Basin. The flower, fruit and seedling/"tirodendro" morphology is the object of the present work. The botanical material was collected at Parintins and Manaus, Amazonian state, Brazil. The morphological analysis was made in both fresh and fixed material. The seedling development was accomplished in flasks with water containing little oxygen and maintained in the darkness. Flowers present long pedicel and they are hemicyclic, dichlamydeous, bisexual with vespertine anthesis. Fruits are fleshy, indehiscent with pseudo-syncarpy. Seeds present aril that acts in the water dispersion. Seedlings grow in hypoxy conditions and they present an acicular and exposed cotyledon. The "tirodendro" stage presents eophylls with heterophylly. Flowers present basic morphologic characters of the family, the definition of the fruit type demands ontogenetic study and the heterophylly is a typical character of Nymphaeaceae seedlings/ "tirodendros".