El hiphop como forma de resistencia frente al juvenicidio: la experiencia de Casa Kolacho / Hip-hop as a resistance to youthcide: the experience of Casa Kolacho / O hip-hop como resistência ao juvenicidio: a experiência de casa Kolacho

Resumen (analítico) El artículo aborda una de las facetas del hiphop como cultura juvenil: su dimensión de movimiento social y cultural protagonizado por jóvenes de sectores subalternos. Para ello se analiza el caso de Casa Kolacho, un centro de arte y cultura situado en la Comuna 13 de Medellín, que abrió sus puertas en 2013 como culminación de la toma de conciencia de los jóvenes del barrio contra la violencia ejercida por agentes estatales, paramilitares, guerrilleros y grupos criminales. El texto se centra en el testimonio de Jeihhco, uno de los impulsores del centro, cuyo relato repasa el papel del hiphop como una forma de resistencia frente al juvenicidio, usando la música y el arte como una estrategia contrahegemónica de expresión de «hacer más ruido que las balas¼, según las palabras del protagonista.

Abstract (analytical) This article addresses one of the faces of hip-hop as a youth culture: its dimension as a social and cultural movement starring young people from subaltern sectors. The authors analyze the case of Casa Kolacho, an artistic and cultural center located in Comuna 13 in Medellín. Casa Kolacho opened its doors in 2013 as an expression by young people in the neighborhood against the violence carried out by state security forces, paramilitaries, guerrillas and criminal groups. The text focuses on the testimony of Jeihhco, one of the promoters at the center, whose life story focuses on the role of hip-hop as a form of resistance against «youthcide¼ using music and art as a counter-hegemonic strategy of expression from "make more noise than bullets", according to the words of the protagonist.

Resumo (analítico) O artigo aborda uma das faces do hip-hop como cultura juvenil: sua dimensão do movimento social e cultural liderado por jovens de setores subalternais. Para isso, analisa-se o caso da Casa Kolacho, um centro de arte e cultura localizado na Comuna 13 de Medellín, que abriu suas portas em 2013 como o ápice da conscientização dos jovens do bairro contra a violência exercido por agentes estatais, paramilitares, guerrilheiros e grupos criminosos. O texto se concentra no testemunho de Jeihhco, um dos promotores do centro, cuja história revisa o papel do hip-hop como forma de resistência contra o juvenicídio, usando a música e a arte como estratégia contra-hegemônica de expressão e sobrevivência.

Práticas pedagógicas do hip-hop nas aulas de educação física: uma revisão sistemática / Pedagogical practices of hip-hop in physical education classes: a systematic review / Prácticas pedagógicas del hip-hop en las clases de educación física: una revisión sistemática

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar publicações sobre o hip-hop como prática pedagógica no contexto da Educação Física Escolar. Para tanto realizamos revisão sistemática em quatro bases de dados, utilizando os descritores hip-hop e Educação Física, publicados entre os anos de 2011 e 2021. Selecionamos 15 trabalhos que abordavam o hip-hop na Educação Física Escolar. As produções acadêmicas sobre o tema se espalham por diversas áreas do conhecimento, no entanto são raros os estudos sobre práticas pedagógicas desta cultura urbana na educação básica. Concluímos que há a necessidade de novos estudos sobre o hip-hop na escola que demonstrem diálogos e problematizações nas aulas. (AU)

The objective of this work is to analyze publications on hip-hop as a pedagogical practice in the context of School Physical Education. For that, we carried out a systematic review in four databases, using the descriptors hip-hop and Physical Education, published between 2011 and 2021. We selected 15 works that addressed hip-hop in School Physical Education, which were organized according to the study area. Academic productions about this subject are spread across several areas of knowledge, however, studies on pedagogical practices of this urban culture in basic education are rare. We conclude that there is a need for further studies on hip-hop at school that demonstrate dialogues and problematizations in classes. (AU)

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar publicaciones sobre el hip-hop como práctica pedagógica en el contexto de la Educación Física escolar. Para ello, realizamos una revisión sistemática en cuatro bases de datos, utilizando los descriptores hip-hop y Educación Física, publicadas entre 2011 y 2021. Seleccionamos 15 trabajos que abordaban el hip-hop en la Educación Física escolar. Las producciones académicas sobre el tema se encuentran dispersas en varias áreas del conocimiento, sin embargo, son escasos los estudios sobre las prácticas pedagógicas de esta cultura urbana en la educación básica. Concluimos que existe la necesidad de más estudios sobre el hip-hop en la escuela, que demuestren diálogos y problematizaciones en las clases. (AU)

Possibilidades e potencialidades do rap para adolescentes e jovens cumprindo medida socioeducativa / Possibilities and potentialities of rap for adolescents and young people in compliance with socio-educational measures / Posibilidades y potenciales de rap para adolescentes y jóvenes que cumplen con la medida socioeducativa

Este artigo objetiva analisar os sentidos atribuídos ao RAP (rythym and poetry) pelos adolescentes e jovens em cumprimento de medida socioeducativa de internação. A pesquisa exploratória de caráter qualitativo se deu em Unidades Socioeducativas no estado da Paraíba. Participaram 12 adolescentes e jovens, entre 14 e 21 anos, sendo três do sexo feminino e nove do sexo masculino. Utilizou-se como instrumento uma entrevista semiestruturada e procedeu-se a Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin (1977). Os(As) participantes ressaltaram o potencial pedagógico do RAP, que ensina a escrever e sociabilizar. Os(As) jovens e adolescentes apontaram, ainda, que se utilizam do RAP como elemento que auxilia no processo de resistência nas Unidades, e como meio de lazer e fonte de ensinamentos. Este gênero musical oferece elementos que permitem aos(às ) participantes engajarem-se em projetos de vida e novas possibilidades de ações futuras.

This article aims to analyze the meanings attributed to RAP (rythym and poetry) by adolescents and young people in compliance with a socio-educational measure. The qualitative exploratory research took place in Socio-Educational Units in the state of Paraíba. Twelve adolescents and young people, between 14 and 21 years old, participated, 3 female and nine male. A semi-structured interview was used as an instrument and Bardin's Content Analysis (1977) was carried out. The participants emphasized the pedagogical potential of RAP, which teaches how to write and socialize. Young people and adolescents also pointed out that they use RAP as an element that helps in the resistance process in the Units, and as a means of leisure and source of teachings. This musical genre offers elements that allow participants to engage in life projects and new possibilities for future actions.

Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar los significados atribuidos a RAP (ritmo y poesía) por adolescentes y jóvenes en cumplimiento de una medida socioeducativa. La investigación exploratoria cualitativa se llevó a cabo en Unidades Socioeducativas en el estado da Paraíba. Participaron doce adolescentes y jóvenes, entre 14 y 21 años, 3 mujeres y nueve hombres. Se utilizó una entrevista semiestructurada como instrumento y se llevó a cabo el Análisis de contenido de Bardin (1977). Los(as) participantes enfatizaron el potencial pedagógico de RAP, que enseña cómo escribir y socializar. Los(as) jóvenes y los adolescentes también señalaron que usan RAP como un elemento que ayuda en el proceso de resistencia en las Unidades, y como un medio de ocio y fuente de enseñanza. Este género musical ofrece elementos que permiten a los participantes participar en proyectos de vida y nuevas posibilidades para acciones futuras.

Nigerian Genres of Music could be a Therapeutic Stratagem against Alcohol-induced Hippocampal Damage in Experimental Models: Evidences from Neurobehavioural, Oxidative Markers, Histochemical and Pyramidal Cell Evaluations

ntroduction: Memory is a cognitive function essential to everyday life. Alcohol causes damage to the hippocampus. Music (especially Mozart music) has been reported to enhance memory function.Aim: This study investigated the possible role of different genres of Nigerian music (Afro-Hiphop and Fuji) on alcohol-induced hippocampal toxicity.Methodology: Thirty-six (36) Adult Wistar rats (105g-160g) were randomly distributed into 6 groups. Group A were administered 5ml/kg b.wt. of distilled water everyday for 28 days. Group B rats were administered 5ml/kg b.wt. of alcohol (20%) for 2 weeks. However for the first 2 weeks, the rats in Groups C and D were administered 5ml/kg b.wt. of alcohol (20%) and the rats in Groups E and F were exposed to Nigerian Fuji and hip hop music at 75dB-83dB respectively for 4 hours daily. For the last 2 weeks, the rats in C and D were exposed to Nigerian hip hop and fuji music respectively 75dB-83dB, for 4 hours daily and the rats in Group E and F were administered 5ml/kg b.wt of alcohol.Results: Higher memory capacity, oxidative status and normal histo-architecture of the hippocampus in group A rats were recorded. However, Group B rats showed a non-significant (p≥0.05) increase inbody weight, higher and lower memory capacity as shown by Morris water maze test and Y-Maze respectively, significant decrease (p≤0.05) in oxidative stress markers (SOD, CAT, GSH) and a significant (p≤0.05) increase in MDA and Acetylcholinesterase, structural distortion and neuronal degeneration as evident by a significant (p≤0.05) decrease in number of pyramidal cells when compared to the rats in groups A, C-F. The rats in group C-F had changes in their memory capacity at the 14th and 28th day.Conclusion: Music (AfroHip-Hop and Fuji) improved the histo-architecture of alcohol-distorted hippocampus in rats. However they do not have a definite effect on spatial memory.

Cultura hip-hop e enfrentamento à violência: uma estratégia universitária extensionista / Hip-hop culture and the fight against violence: an extensionist university strategy

Os projetos de extensão e pesquisa das universidades precisam se haver com o racismo manifesto nas relações entre pessoas e nos dados estatísticos sobre morte dos brasileiros. O mapa da violência de 2016 explicitou mais uma vez o extermínio de jovens negros do sexo masculino. Como o luto é elaborado pelos familiares e quais as condições que freariam a violência? O objetivo do artigo é apresentar o projeto de extensão "Escuta Clínico-Política de Sujeitos em Situações Sociais Críticas", que nasceu com o intuito de ouvir mães que perderam filhos em situações de violência de Estado e oferecer atividades para adolescentes e jovens em luta pela vida. Um dos métodos utilizados nas ações extensionistas foi a oferta de uma roda de conversa, "Hip-hop e o enfrentamento à Violência", cujo resultado foi a emergência de três temas: cultura hip-hop como um sonho possível; manifestação cultural como ponto de ancoragem para os sujeitos; e arte como modo de ocupação dos espaços públicos. Assim, os autores convidam os psicólogos a criarem espaços de fala, escuta e ação que resistam ao racismo, à violação de direitos e problematizem as condições que geram a desigualdade social brasileira.(AU)

Abstract The extension and research college projects need deal with the racism manifest in the relations between people and in the statistical data about young Brazilians deaths. The map of the violence of 2016 made explicit the extermination of young black males. How is mourning drawn up by family members and what conditions would restrain violence? The purpose of this article is to present the project "Clinical-political hearing of subjects in critical social situations" that was born with the intention of listening to mothers who lost children in situations of State violence, as well as with the objective of offering activities for adolescents and young people struggling for life. One of the methods used in the extensionist actions was the offer of a conversation wheel, "Hip-hop and the Fight against Violence", whose result was the emergence of three themes; hip-hop culture as a possible dream; cultural manifestation as an anchorage point for the subjects; art as a way of occupying public spaces. Therefore, the authors invite the psychologists to create spaces of hearing, talking and action about brazilian social inequality.(AU)

Injury surveillance in street dance in Japan / 体力科学

Although street dance quickly became popular in Japan, and the population of street dancers is increasing, there is limited information on injuries sustained during street dance in Japan. The purpose of this study was to investigate the epidemiology of injuries in street dancers in Japan. One hundred and ninety-five Japanese street dancers (92 intermediate, 35 advanced, and 68 expert dancers) participated in this study. A questionnaire survey concerning the injuries sustained during dancing was conducted over a 3-month period. The main results were: (1) Sixty-one dancers reported a total of 72 injuries, and injury rate was 0.56 per 1000 players-hours; (2) Ankle injuries accounted for 45.8% of the reported injuries; (3) Dancing proficiency level was related to the occurrence of injury, and the occurrence was significantly higher for the expert dancers; (4) The duration of warm-up was related to the occurrence of pains. These findings provide fundamental information that may contribute to the development of injury prevention in street dance.

Pharmacophore based approach to design inhibitors in Crustaceans: An insight into the molt inhibition response to the receptor guanylyl cyclase.

The first set of competitive inhibitors of molt inhibiting hormone (MIH) has been developed using the effective approaches such as Hip-Hop, virtual screening and manual alterations. Moreover, the conserved residues at 71 and 72 positions in the molt inhibiting hormone is known to be significant for selective inhibition of ecdysteroidogenesis; thus, the information from mutation and solution structure were used to generate common pharmacophore features. The geometry of the final six-feature pharmacophore was also found to be consistent with the homology-modeled MIH structures from various other decapod crustaceans. The Hypo-1, comprising six features hypothesis was carefully selected as a best pharmacophore model for virtual screening created on the basis of rank score and cluster processes. The hypothesis was validated and the database was virtually screened using this 3D query and the compounds were then manually altered to enhance the fit value. The hits obtained were further filtered for drug-likeness, which is expressed as physicochemical properties that contribute to favorable ADME/Tox profiles to eliminate the molecules exhibit toxicity and poor pharmacokinetics. In conclusion, the higher fit values of CI-1 (4.6), CI-4 (4.9) and CI-7 (4.2) in conjunction with better pharmacokinetic profile made these molecules practically helpful tool to increase production by accelerating molt in crustaceans. The use of feeding sub-therapeutic dosages of these growth enhancers can be very effectively implemented and certainly turn out to be a vital part of emerging nutritional strategies for economically important crustacean livestock.

Posicionamentos e controvérsias no movimento hip-hop / Positions and controversies in hip-hop movement / Posicionamientos y controversias en el movimiento hip-hop

O movimento hip-hop tem, em sua composição social, jovens pobres que se organizam de modos diversos. Na cidade de Recife, localizamos diferentes formas político-organizativas convivendo simultaneamente, uma associação, uma rede, inúmeras crews (posses) e grupos que não obedecem a uma territorialidade, nem buscam seguir a tradição de estar articulados em todos os elementos. O objetivo deste texto é evidenciar os conflitos sociais que tal movimento instaura, as tensões que provoca no sistema de referências com o qual se relaciona e as instabilidades que ele causa na lógica hegemônica. Para tanto, apresentamos a dinâmica do movimento, seu sistema de referências, tensões, conflitos e antagonismos com os quais ele trabalha. Identificamos três conflitos principais: a juventude pobre no contexto da sociedade de consumo; a mídia e sua relação com a indústria cultural; e a afro-descendência. Os antagonismos se colocam na formulação de um campo ético-político referente à participação convencional e não convencional...

The hip-hop movement has in its social composition, young poor people who organize themselves in different ways. In the city of Recife, we find different political and organizational forms coexisting at the same time, an association, a network, many crews (possessions) and groups that do not follow a territorial or seek to follow the tradition of being articulated in all elements. The aim of this paper is to highlight the social conflicts that this movement establishes, the tensions that it provokes in the reference system with which is related and the instabilities in the hegemonic logic that it causes. Therefore, we present the dynamics of the movement, its system of references, tensions, conflicts and antagonisms with which it works. We identified three major conflicts: the youth poverty in the context of the consumer society, the media and its relationship with the cultural industry, and African-descent. The antagonisms are placed in an ethical political field´s formulation that is related to conventional and unconventional participation...

El movimiento hip-hop, tiene en su composición social, jóvenes pobres que se organizan de diferentes maneras. En la ciudad de Recife, encontramos diferentes formas de organizaciones políticas que conviven al mismo tiempo, unas son asociaciones, otras redes, innumerables crews (tripulación) y grupos que no obedecen a un determinado territorio, ni buscan seguir la tradición de estar articulados con todos sus elementos. El objetivo de este texto es evidenciar los conflictos sociales que este movimiento instaura, las tensiones que genera en el sistema de referencias con el cual se relaciona y la inestabilidad que causa dentro de la lógica hegemónica. Por lo tanto, presentamos la dinámica del movimiento , su sistema de referencias, tensiones, conflictos y antagonismos con los cuales el trabaja. Identificamos tres conflictos principales: La juventud pobre en el contexto de una sociedad de consumo; los medios de comunicación y su relación con la industria cultural; y la afro descendencia. Los antagonismos surgen en la formulación de un campo ético y político que indica una participación convencional y no convencional...

Cytotoxicity Studies of Xanthorrhizol and Its Mechanism Using Molecular Docking Simulation and Pharmacophore Modelling.

Xanthorrhizol (XNT) is one of major compounds from temulawak`s rhizome and its activity in several cancer cells is known. The aim of this study was to identify mechanism of xanthorrhizol from temulawak`s rhizome as an hERα inhibitor against breast cancer human cell lines. The cytotoxicity of XNT from temulawak`s rhizome on T47D human breast cancer cells lined by sulforhodamine B (SRB) method has been carried out, while molecular docking simulation and pharmacophore modelling methods were employed to predict mechanism of xanthorrhizol as hER inhibitor. Cytotoxicity studies showed that XNT of the isolated and standard had an IC50 100 and 55.50 μg/mL in T47D cells, respectively. Subsequently, molecular docking interaction showed that XNT might be able to compete with estradiol (E2) as a potential ERα inhibitor with the calculated binding free-energy of -8.2 kcal/mol, even the compound superimposed with tamoxifen (4-OHT). XNT formed hydrogen bonds with Arg394 and Glu353 as mention E2 and tamoxifen also formed same interaction with same residue and interacted hydrophobic bonds similar to 4-OHT with: Leu387, Leu384, Leu391, Phe404, L349, Leu346, Met388, and Leu525 of estrogen alpha Ligan Binding Domain (LBD), although 4-OHT indicated stronger hydrophobic when the tail of tamoxifen interacted with Tyr347, Asp351, Trp383 and Leu428. XNT missed two chemical features into HipHop models pharmacophore thus may result in reduced inhibitory activity against T47D compared than 4-OHT. The xanthorrhizol mechanism as a hER inhibitor is postulated as partial estrogen antagonist, is justifiable based on its competitive characteristic versus tamoxifen (OHT-200) which was located on the active side of HER-α.

Poéticas periféricas: outras centralidades? / Suburban poetics: other centralities?

Este artigo descreve o surgimento e a expansão dos saraus de poesia que vêm ocorrendo em bares da periferia paulistana ao longo da última década. O artigo relaciona-os a outros movimentos culturais, como o hip-hop, e apresenta a transformação das pessoas que se envolvem nesse processo de criação poética.

This paper describes the emergence and expansion of the poetry reading sessions that have been held in the suburb of Sao Paulo throughout the last decade. They are related to other cultural movements, such as hip-hop, and this paper presents the transformation of the people who are involved in this process of poetic creation.

Desafios para a pesquisa: o campo-tema movimento hip-hop / Challenges for research: the field-theme hip-hop movement

Com a revisão bibliográfica sobre metodologia de pesquisa, observamos, em geral, a ausência de abordagens sobre o processo de abertura do campo de investigação. Recuperando nosso próprio processo, trazemos aqui contribuições sobre a aproximação de um tema de investigação, dos atores sociais em interação (pesquisadoras e jovens) e dos procedimentos que (re)elaboramos, utilizamos e descartamos, para fins de garantir a viabilidade e efetividade da pesquisa, nesse tempo de encontrar o campo-tema de investigação, conviver com ele e dele se despedir. Abordamos as contribuições das perspectivas pós-estruturalista, construcionista e etnográfica sobre o processo de construção do conhecimento, que têm em comum a recusa ao posicionamento transcendental das condições de sujeito e objeto e a adoção de uma postura desreificante, desnaturalizante e desessencializadora com relação à verdade. As contribuições do artigo indicam a necessária reflexão teórica sobre os procedimentos metodológicos adotados, em consonância com as especificidades dos atores sociais investigados.

Through the review of literature on research methodology, we observed the general lack of approaches about the process of opening the research field. Recovering our own process, we bring contributions here on the approach to a subject of research, social actors in interaction (and young researchers) and procedures that we (re) make, use, and discard, in order to ensure the viability and effectiveness of the research, to find the theme-field research, "live" with it and "say goodbye". We discuss the contributions of poststructuralist perspective, constructionist and ethnographic on the process of knowledge construction which have in common the rejection of the transcendental position of subject and object and adopting a posture desreificante, denaturing and desessencializadora about the truth. The contribution of the article indicates the necessary theoretical reflection on the methodological procedures in line with the specificities of social actors investigated.

As representações sociais da mulher no movimento hip hop / Woman's social representations in the hip-hop movement

Este artigo discute as representações sociais da mulher construídas pelo movimento hip hop. Este movimento constitui-se como uma possibilidade de manifestação política de jovens, bem como uma possibilidade de produção artística que, se inicialmente esteve mais presente em espaços não institucionalizados e voltados para a população que vive na periferia, atualmente é consumido por jovens de camadas econômicas distintas. A participação de mulheres, porém, ainda não é significativa (ainda que existam mulheres participando) e ouve-se frequentemente músicas (ou raps) que veiculam imagens negativas da mulher. Este estudo, portanto, analisa as representações sociais da mulher que estão presentes em letras de rap, problematizando como estas representações constroem, socialmente, modos de "ser" mulher.

This paper discusses woman's social representations constructed by the hip-hop movement. This movement constitutes a possibility of younger generations to politically manifest themselves, as well as a possibility of artistic production that at the start was more present in non-institutionalized spaces and aimed at the populations living in marginal districts, it is now being currently consumed by youths of distinct social classes. However, the participation of women has not been significant (even though there are women taking part), and frequently negative images of women are conveyed from these songs (or raps). Thus, this study analyses the woman's social representations which are in rap lyrics, querying how such representations have built social ways of "being" a woman.