Procedimiento anestésico-quirúrgico en un adulto con esplenomegalia por linfoma primario de bazo / Anesthetic-surgical procedure in an adult with splenomegaly due to primary spleenic lymphoma: en

Se describe el caso clínico de un adulto joven de 30 años de edad, con antecedente de buena salud, quien fue asistido en el Servicio de Cirugía del Hospital Universitario Manuel Ascunce Domenech en Camagüey por presentar aumento de volumen en la región abdominal de dos meses de evolución, concomitante con astenia, anorexia, vómitos y pérdida de peso. En el examen físico resultaron notables el abdomen globuloso (bazo palpable) sin dolor, un hematoma periumbilical y múltiples adenopatías supraclaviculares; en tanto, en los estudios imagenológicos se evidenció la presencia de esplenomegalia. Se realizó esplenectomía con administración de anestesia general endotraqueal y en el estudio histopatológico de la muestra resecada se confirmó el diagnóstico de linfoma primario del bazo.

The case report of a 30-year-old young adult with a history of good health is described, who was assisted at the Surgery Service of Manuel Ascunce Domenech University Hospital in Camagüey due to volume increase in the abdominal region with a course of two months, concomitant with asthenia, anorexia, vomits and weight loss. Physical examination revealed a globular abdomen (palpable spleen) with no pain, a periumbilical hematoma, and multiple supraclavicular adenopathies; meanwhile, in the imaging studies splenomegaly was evidenced. Splenectomy was performed with administration of general endotracheal anesthesia and the histopathological study of the resected sample confirmed the diagnosis of primary spleenic lymphoma.

Histopathological evaluation of endometrium and its clinical correlation in patients of abnormal uterine bleeding

Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is a very common, challenging gynaecological problem in all age group women. Neoplastic lesions are responsible for very less number of cases but they should be diagnosed early. Endometrial biopsy is necessary for histopathological diagnosis of endometrial lesions and to rule out any malignancy. In present study, we evaluated histopathological pattern of endometrium and different clinical parameters in AUB patients.Methods: A retrospective observational study done in Obstetrics and Gynecology department of SSMC Rewa, Madhya Pradesh in 2 year from 1st October 2017 to 30th September 2019. AUB patients who fulfilled inclusion criteria were included in study. All data were collected from department records in predesigned proforma and statistically analyzed by statistical package for the Social sciences (SPSS) version 20.Results: Total 366 AUB patients were included in study; most frequent clinical presentation was HMB (56%). Mostly patient’s age ranged from 24-84 years, belonged to 41-50 years age group (44%), multiparous (78%), and premenopausal (53%). On histopathological evaluation of endometrium most commonly nonneoplastic lesions (75%) were seen, out of which proliferative phase endometrium was most frequent. Neoplastic lesions were seen in 25% cases. Out of which benign lesions were noted in 7%, premalignant in 17.3% and malignant in 1% (all in >45 year patients).Conclusions: Endometrial biopsy should be done in all AUB patients >45 years and in selected premenopausal in order to get early diagnosis, to rule out malignancy and to help in management. Endometrial biopsy should be considered as first diagnostic modality.

Assessment of preoperative endometrial histopathological sampling as a predictor of final surgical pathology in endometrial cancer / Avaliação do diagnóstico histopatológico endometrial pré-operatório como preditor do diagnostico patológico final em câncer de endométrio

Abstract Objective To evaluate the agreement between the histopathological diagnoses of preoperative endometrial samples and surgical specimens and correlate the agreement between the diagnoses with the impact on surgical management and the survival of patients with endometrial adenocarcinomas. Methods Sixty-two patients treated for endometrial cancer at a university hospital from 2002 to 2011 were retrospectively evaluated. The histopathological findings of preoperative endometrial samples and of surgical specimens were analyzed. The patients were subjected to hysterectomy as well as adjuvant treatment, if necessary, and clinical follow-up, according to the institutional protocol. Lesions were classified as endometrioid tumor (type 1) grades 1, 2, or 3 or non-endometrioid carcinoma (type 2). Results The agreement between the histopathological diagnoses based on preoperative endometrial samples and surgical specimens was fair (Kappa: 0.40; p < 0.001). However, the agreement was very significant for tumor type and grade, in which a higher concordance occurred at a higher grade. The percentage of patients with lymph nodes affected was 19.2%;. Although most patients presenting with disease remission or cure were in the early stages (90.5%;), there were no significant differences between those patients who had a misdiagnosis (11/16; 68.8%;) and those who had a correct diagnosis (25/33; 75.8%;) based on preoperative endometrial sampling (p = 0.605). Conclusion Our findings corroborate the literature and confirm the under staging of preoperative endometrial samples based on histopathological assessment, especially for lower grade endometrial tumors. We suggest that the preoperative diagnosis should be complemented with other methods to better plan the surgical management strategy.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar a concordância entre os diagnósticos histopatológicos de amostras endometriais pré-operatórias e cirúrgicas de pacientes com adenocarcinomas endometriais e avaliar o impacto da concordância entre os diagnósticos no planejamento cirúrgico e sobrevida das pacientes. Métodos Dados de 62 pacientes com câncer de endométrio operadas entre 2002 a 2011 em um hospital universitário foram avaliadas retrospectivamente. As pacientes foram submetidas à histerectomia e tratamento adjuvante, se necessário, e acompanhadas clinicamente de acordo com o protocolo institucional. Foram avaliados os resultados das análises histopatológicas das amostras endometriais pré-operatórias e cirúrgicas. As lesões foram classificadas como tumor endometrioide (tipo 1) graus 1, 2 ou 3 ou carcinoma não endometrioide (tipo 2). Resultados De modo geral, houve uma concordância baixa entre os diagnósticos histopatológicos das amostras endometriais pré-operatórias e cirúrgicas (Kappa: 0,40; p < 0,001). Entretanto, uma alta concordância entre os diagnósticos foi observada nos tumores de graus mais elevados. Comprometimento de linfonodos ocorreu em 19,2%; das pacientes e a maioria das que apresentaram remissão ou cura foram diagnosticadas nos estágios iniciais da doença (90,5%;). Não houve diferença significativa na taxa de remissão ou cura entre as pacientes que tiveram concordância (25/33; 75,8%;) ou divergência (11/16; 68,8%;) entre os resultados histopatológicos pré-operatórios e cirúrgicos (p = 0,605). Conclusão Nossos achados corroboram a literatura e confirmam o sub-estadiamento de amostras endometriais pré-operatórias com base na avaliação histopatológica, especialmente para tumores endometriais de baixo grau. Outros métodos complementares são necessários para um diagnóstico pré-operatório mais preciso a fim de melhorar o planejamento cirúrgico.

Positive predictive value of nonpalpable breast lesions according to bi-rads® classification / Valor preditivo positivo das lesões mamárias não palpáveis utilizando a classificação BI-RADS®

Introduction: Breast cancer is the neoplasm that most affects women in Brazil and the world, and its incidence has increased steadily over the last decade. Due to screening mammography programs, according to age group, the mortality rate of breast cancer has decreased by 31%. With the increase in the number of screening examinations, there has also been increase in the number of suspicious lesions diagnosed and, consequently, increase in the indication and performance of breast biopsies. With the help of the categorizations that the American College of Radiology published, according to the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS®), it was possible to standardize the reports and descriptions of breast lesions, both in mammography and ultrasound, facilitating decision-making in regard to suspicious lesions. Objective: To evaluate the positive predictive value (PPV) of nonpalpable breast lesions biopsied in the Radiodiagnostic Service of Hospital Naval Marcílio Dias. Method: A retrospective and analytical study of 88 patients submitted to stereotaxic guided mammary biopsies from December 2015 to December 2016 with suspected diagnosis of malignant lesions, classified by mammographic BI-RADS in categories 4 and 5 and later correlation with the histopathological reports. Results: PPV was high for category 5 lesions, and for category 4 lesions PPV was low and progressively increased with the subcategories. Conclusion: BI­RADS categorization is an effective predictor for the risk of malignancy in suspicious mammographic lesions.

Introdução: O câncer de mama é a neoplasia que mais acomete mulheres no Brasil e no mundo e sua incidência vem aumentando progressivamente ao longo dessa última década. Devido aos programas de rastreamento mamográfico, de acordo com a faixa etária, a taxa de mortalidade por câncer de mama diminuiu em 31%. Com o aumento do número de exames de rastreamento houve aumento, também, da quantidade de lesões suspeitas diagnosticadas e, consequentemente, um aumento na indicação e realização de biópsias mamárias. Com o auxílio das categorizações que o American College of Radiology publicou, segundo o Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS®), foi possível padronizar os laudos e as descrições das lesões mamárias, tanto na mamografia quanto na ultrassonografia, facilitando a tomada de decisão perante a lesões de aspecto suspeito. Objetivo: Avaliar o valor preditivo positivo (VPP) das lesões mamárias não palpáveis nas quais foi realizada biópsia no Serviço de Radiodiagnóstico do Hospital Naval Marcílio Dias. Método: Estudo retrospectivo e analítico de 88 pacientes submetidas a biópsias mamárias guiadas por estereotaxia no período de dezembro de 2015 a dezembro de 2016 com diagnóstico suspeito de lesões malignas, classificadas no BI-RADS® mamográfico em categorias 4 e 5, com posterior correlação com os laudos histopatológicos. Resultados: Foi encontrado alto valor preditivo positivo na categoria cinco e, nas lesões classificadas como categoria quatro, o VPP foi menor, aumentando progressivamente com as subcategorias. Conclusão: A categorização BI-RADS® é um preditor eficaz para o risco de malignidade nas lesões suspeitas na mamografia.

Tumor de Brenner fronterizo / Borderline Brenner Tumor

El tumor de Brenner es derivado de la superficie del ovario, que guarda similitud con epitelio transicional de la vejiga. Es un tumor raro debido a que representa 1,5 por ciento de las neoplasias de ovario. El objetivo del trabajo es presentar el caso de una paciente con tumor de Brenner fronterizo confirmado histopatológicamente y realizar una revisión de la literatura respecto al diagnóstico clínico e histopatológico de la entidad y compararla con otras entidades. Se presenta el caso de una mujer de 88 años, a quien se la practicó laparotomía por sospecha de un quiste complejo; se describe la historia clínica y su diagnóstico, y se realiza una revisión de la literatura con énfasis en el diagnóstico. Se realizó una búsqueda de literatura utilizando las bases de datos Medline, vía PubMed, OMIM y SciELO, con los términos tumor de Brenner y tumor de Brenner fronterizo en español e inglés sin límite por año de publicación. Se encontraron 10 artículos, que corresponden a reportes de casos y revisión de la literatura, los cuales describen las características en cuanto a presentación clínica, diagnóstico clínico basándose en estudios de histopatología, y aspectos genéticos de la entidad. El tumor de Brenner fronterizo es infrecuente en México debe tenerse en cuenta como diagnóstico diferencial de tumores de ovario(AU)

Brenner tumor derives from the ovary surface and is similar to the transitional epithelium of the bladder. It is a rare tumor representing just 1.5 percent of ovary neoplasies. The objective of this paper was to present a patient with histologically-confirmed borderline Brenner tumor and to make a literature review on the clinical and histopathological diagnosis of this disease and compare it with others. Here is a 88 years-old women who was performed laparatomy because of suspected complex cyst; her medical history and diagnosis was described and a literature review with emphasis on diagnosing process. A literature search was made by using Medline,OMIM y SciELO and terms Brenner tumor¨ and ¨bordeline Brenner tumor in Spanish and English regardless of year of publication. Ten articles were found about case reports and literature review; they describe the characteristics of clinical presentation, clinical diagnosis based on histopathological studies and general aspects of the disease. Borderline Brenner tumor is infrequent in Mexico and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of ovary tumors(AU)

Características clínicas e histológicas de adenopatías en pacientes pediátricos / Clinical and histological characteristics of adenopathies in paediatric patients

Introducción: Las adenopatías son una causa muy frecuente de consulta en la población infantil, estando presente hasta en el 44% de los niños menores de 5 años. En algunos casos se requiere la toma de biopsias ganglionares para esclarecer el diagnóstico. Objetivo: Describir las características clínicas e histopatológicas de pacientes pediátricos con adenopatías sometidos a biopsias ganglionares. Pacientes y método: Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo. Se incluyó la totalidad de los niños menores de 15 años a los que se les realizó biopsia ganglionar en hospital de alta complejidad en un periodo de 4 años. Se evaluaron las características demográficas, clínicas y de laboratorio de los pacientes, así como el diagnóstico histopatológico de las biopsias realizadas. Resultados: Sesenta y un niños, 54,1%, fueron del sexo masculino, mediana de edad de 6 años. El diagnóstico patológico más frecuente fue hiperplasia reactiva (50,8%), seguido de enfermedad neoplásica (27,9%), enfermedad granulomatosa crónica (4,9%) e infección bacteriana (3,3%). De las enfermedades neoplásicas, el linfoma de Hodgkin fue el más común, siendo su localización más frecuente la cervical (60,6%). Conclusiones: Con este estudio se demuestra la importancia de realización de diagnósticos diferenciales en el abordaje de pacientes con adenopatías. Al igual que lo reportado en la literatura mundial, la etiología benigna es la causa más común de adenopatías en niños.

Background: Lymphadenopathy is a common cause for medical consultation in the child population, accounting for up to 44% in children under 5 years old. In some cases, it is required to take lymph node biopsy specimens in order to clarify the diagnosis. Objective: To describe the clinical and histological features of paediatric patients with lymphadenopathy and lymph node biopsies. Patients and method: Descriptive and retrospective study conducted in Medellin (Colombia) in a fourth-level hospital between January 1st of 2009 and December 31st of 2012. In the study, lymph node biopsy specimens were taken from children under 15 years old. Demographic, clinical and laboratory features, and characteristics of the patients were evaluated, as well as the histopathological diagnosis of the lymph node biopsies. Results: From the child population, 61 children met the eligibility criteria and 33 (54.1%) of them were male with an average age of 6 years old. The most common pathological diagnoses in the study group were as follows: reactive hyperplasia (50.8%), neoplasms (27.9%), chronic granulomatous disease (4.9%), and bacterial infection (3.3%). It could be concluded from the findings in the study that Hodgkin lymphoma is very common among the neoplastic diseases, with 18%, and the most frequent location was the neck with 60.6%. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the importance of performing a differential diagnosis when approaching patients with lymphadenopathy. As reported in the world medical literature, benign origin is the most common cause of lymphadenopathy in children.

Diagnóstico histopatológico de cáncer bucal en el Hospital General Docente "Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso" / Histopathological diagnosis of the oral cancer in "Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso" Teaching General Hospital

Se efectuó una investigación descriptiva y retrospectiva en el Departamento de Anatomía Patológica del Hospital General Docente "Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso" de Santiago de Cuba, con vistas a determinar la incidencia del cáncer bucal diagnosticado histopatológicamente, para lo cual se revisaron las fichas de las biopsias realizadas desde el año 2008 al 2013, y se seleccionaron las 28 con dicho diagnóstico. El grupo etario más afectado fue el de 59-69 años (50,0 %), aunque 8 pacientes tenían menos de 59 años de edad (28,5 %); la localización anatómica predominante fue la lengua, seguida del paladar (57,1 % para ambos casos); el tipo histológico más diagnosticado resultó el carcinoma escamoso (78,5 %) y el hábito tóxico más frecuente fue el de fumar. Pudo concluirse que el cáncer de la boca presentó una elevada incidencia en esta institución hospitalaria, por lo que deben extremarse los cuidados en la aplicación del Programa de Detección Precoz de Cáncer Bucal en la atención primaria de salud.

A descriptive and retrospective investigation was carried out in the Pathology Department from "Dr. Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso" Teaching General Hospital in Santiago de Cuba, with the aim of determining the incidence of the histopathologically diagnosed oral cancer, for which the records of the biopsies carried out from 2008 to 2013 were reviewed, and the 28 with this diagnosis were selected. The most affected age group was the 59-69 group (50.0%), although 8 patients had less than 59 years (28.5%); the predominant anatomical localization was the tongue, followed by the palate (57.1% for both cases); the histological type most diagnosed was the squamous cell carcinoma (78.5%) and the most frequent toxic habit was smoking. It could be concluded that the mouth cancer had a high incidence in this hospital institution, so that care should be extreme in the implementation of the Program for early Detection of oral Cancer in the primary health care.

Granuloma Piógeno. Presentación de un caso / Pyogenic Granuloma. Case presentation

Introducción: el Granuloma Piógeno es un tumor benigno que se presenta en la cavidad bucal y en diferentes zonas de la piel, asociado a la presencia de irritantes locales. Se considera una respuesta exagerada frente a estímulos de baja intensidad. Se puede establecer diagnóstico diferencial con diferentes entidades como el hemangioma, granuloma periférico de células gigantes, tumor en el embarazo. Objetivo: exponer un caso de Granuloma Piógeno de encía ante la comunidad científica. Presentación del caso: paciente femenina de 47 años, con antecedente de salud, acude a consulta por aumento de volumen entre 32 y 33 por vestibular, 8 meses de evolución, sangramiento espontáneo y abundante al cepillado siendo doloroso el mismo. Se decidió su escisión y biopsia para el diagnóstico definitivo, la cual se realizó bajo anestesia local sin complicaciones, con una evolución postoperatoria favorable. Conclusiones: el Granuloma Piógeno es una respuesta exagerada de los tejidos gingivales a pequeños estímulos, el examen histológico corrobora el diagnóstico clínico presuntivo.

Introduction: the pyogenic granuloma is a benign tumor that is shown at the buccal cavity and at the skin's different zones, associated to the presence of irritating locales. An answer exaggerated in front of low-intensity stimuli is considered. Diagnostic differential with different entities like the hemangioma, peripheric granuloma of giant cells, and tumor in the pregnancy can be established. Objective: to expose a case of granuloma gum pyogenic before the scientific community. Case presentation: patient BRP, he assists to consultation for increase of volume among 32 and 33 feminine of 47 years, with antecedent of health for vestibular, 8 months of evolution, spontaneous and ample bleeding to the brushing being painful the same one. His scission and biopsy for the definitive diagnosis were decided, which as local anesthesia without complications, with a postoperative favorable evolution came true softly. Conclusions: Pyogenic Granuloma is made an exaggerated answer from the gingival tissue to small stimuli, the exam histological corroborates the clinical presumptive diagnosis.

Identificación del papilomavirus humano en la leucoplasia bucal / Identification of the human papilomavirus in oral leukoplakia

Con el propósito de evaluar los resultados del diagnóstico clínico e histopatológico del papilomavirus humano asociado a la leucoplasia bucal, se efectuó un estudio descriptivo y transversal de 75 pacientes con la citada afección, tratados en la consulta estomatológica del Policlínico de Especialidades del Hospital Provincial Docente Clinicoquirúrgico "Saturnino Lora Torres" de Santiago de Cuba, desde septiembre del 2009 hasta igual mes del 2012. A los afectados se le realizó biopsia para conocer la presencia de coilocitos que producían alteraciones epiteliales y del corion en el tejido lesionado, así como su localización topográfica. En la casuística prevalecieron el sexo masculino, la mucosa de carrillo como el sitio anatómico de mayor incidencia y la displasia epitelial como la más relevante. Asimismo, la pérdida de la relación núcleo-citoplasma y la hiperplasia de la capa basal fueron las alteraciones hísticas más frecuentes.

With the purpose of evaluating the results of the clinical and histopathological diagnosis of the human papilomavirus associated with oral leukoplakia, a descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out in 75 patients with this condition, who were treated at the Stomatology Department of the Polyclinic of Specialties from "Saturnino Lora" Provincial Teaching Clinical Surgical Hospital of Santiago de Cuba, from September 2009 to the same month of 2012. Biopsies were taken from patients to detect the presence of koilocytes producing chorion and epithelial changes in damaged tissue, as well as their topographic location. Male sex, buccal mucosa as the anatomical site of highest incidence and epithelial dysplasia as the most significant prevailed in the case material. Likewise, the loss of the nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio and hyperplasia of the basal layer were the most frequent tissue alterations.

Incidencia de la eritroleucoplasia en la cavidad bucal / Incidence of erythroleukoplakia in the oral cavity

Se efectuó un estudio descriptivo y transversal de 20 mujeres y hombres mayores de 19 años, adictos al tabaco, atendidos en la consulta estomatológica del Policlínico de Especialidades del Hospital Provincial Docente Saturnino Lora Torres de Santiago de Cuba, desde septiembre del 2007 hasta igual mes del 2010, con vistas a evaluar los resultados del diagnóstico clinicohistopatológico, obtenido del examen de la cavidad bucal y de la biopsia realizada a los pacientes con eritroleucoplasia. Las muestras fueron fijadas y procesadas por la técnica convencional de inclusión en parafina, con lo cual se confirmó la presencia de cambios tisulares. En la casuística prevalecieron el sexo masculino, la ausencia de manifestaciones clínicas y la mucosa de carrillo como el sitio de ubicación más susceptible. Asimismo, las alteraciones hísticas más comunes fueron la hiperqueratosis y el infiltrado inflamatorio subepitelial.

A descriptive and cross-sectional study of 20 women and men older than 19 years, who were heavy smokers, assisted in the Stomatology Department of the Specialties Polyclinic from Saturnino Lora Torres Provincial Teaching Hospital in Santiago de Cuba was carried out from September, 2007 to the same month of 2010, with the objective of evaluating the results of the clinico-histopathological diagnosis, obtained from the examination to the oral cavity and from the biopsy carried out to patients with erythroleukoplakia. The samples were fixed and processed through the conventional technique of inclusion in paraffin, which confirmed the presence of tissue changes. Male sex, the absence of clinical manifestations and the cheek mucosa as the most susceptible location prevailed in the case material. Also, the most common tissue alterations were the hyperkeratosis and the subepithelial inflammatory infiltrate.

Tumores de ovario: patogenia, cuadro clínico, diagnóstico ecográfico e histopatológico / Ovarian tumors: pathogenia, clinical pattern, echographic and histopathological diagnosis

La ecografía ha adquirido gran importancia en el diagnóstico de los tumores ováricos, de manera que resulta de gran utilidad en la práctica ginecológica. Se realizó una revisión de la bibliografía biomédica acerca de la patogenia, el cuadro clínico y el diagnóstico ecográfico e histopatológico de dichos tumores, con vistas a crear un importante material de consulta acerca de esta enfermedad, cuyo descubrimiento en etapas tempranas es vital para las pacientes.

Echography has acquired great importance in the diagnosis of the ovarian tumors, so that it is of great usefulness in the gynecological practice. A review of the biomedical literature on the pathogenia, the clinical pattern and the echographic and histopathological diagnosis of these tumors was carried out , aimed at creating an important reference tool dealing about this illness, which finding in early stages, is vital for the patients.

Diagnóstico clinicohistopatológico de la leucoplasia bucal / Clinical and histopathological diagnosis of oral leukoplakia

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal de los 116 pacientes con leucoplasia bucal, atendidos en la consulta de estomatología del Policlínico de Especialidades perteneciente al Hospital Provincial Docente Clinicoquirúrgico "Saturnino Lora Torres" de Santiago de Cuba, desde junio del 2007 hasta igual mes del 2010, a fin de evaluar los resultados del diagnóstico clinicohistopatológico de esta afección y vincularlos con el tabaquismo y los síntomas subjetivos. Las muestras para biopsias se depositaron en un frasco de cristal con formol al 10 %, se fijaron en formalina al 5 %, se procesaron por la técnica clásica de inclusión en parafina y luego se colorearon con hematoxilina-eosina, con lo cual se confirmó la presencia de cambios celulares. En la casuística primaron el sexo masculino, la ausencia de dichos síntomas, la displasia epitelial y la hiperparaqueratosis como alteraciones epiteliales más comunes, así como la displasia severa en fumadores con más años de serlo. Sobre la base de las transformaciones registradas, deben realizarse investigaciones que permitan precisar la connotación biológica e histológica de esta enfermedad.

A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out in 116 patients with oral leukoplakia, assisted in the Stomatology Department of the Specialties Polyclinic belonging to "Saturnino Lora Torres" Teaching Clinical Surgical Provincial Hospital in Santiago de Cuba, from June, 2007 to the same month of 2010, in order to evaluate the results of the clinical and histopathological diagnosis of this disorder and their relation to the smoking habit and subjective symptoms. The samples for biopsies were deposited in a glass flask with 10 % formol, they were fixed in 5 % formaline, they were processed through the classic technique of inclusion in paraffin and then they were colored with hematoxiline-eosine, through which the presence of cellular changes was confirmed. Male sex, the absence of these symptoms, the epithelial dysplasia and the hyperparakeratosis prevailed in the case material, as the most common epithelial changes, as well as the severe dysplasia in heavier smokers. On the bases of the detected transformations, investigations allowing to specify the biological and histological implications of this disease should be carried out.

Frecuencia de diagnósticos histopatológicos en un periodo de 20 años (1989-2008) / Histopathological diagnosis frequency during 20 years (1989-2008)

Presentar datos sobre el diagnóstico histopatológico que se realizó en el Departamento de Patología Oral de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, México, durante el periodo 1989 a 2008. De 2 183 biopsias, las lesiones de tejido óseo comprendieron 637 casos (29,2 por ciento) y las de tejido blando sumaron 1 529 (70,0 por ciento), de tejido dental se procesaron 17 muestras (0,8 por ciento). Los diagnósticos más frecuentes para tejido óseo fueron: granuloma periapical, quiste periapical, quiste dentígero y queratoquiste odontogénico (tumor odontogénico queratoquístico). Los diagnósticos más frecuentes de tejido blando fueron: fibroma, granuloma piógeno, mucocele, carcinoma epidermoide y papiloma. En el maxilar se presentaron 292 casos, en la mandíbula 258 y en 87 muestras no se especificó el maxilar de donde se obtuvo la biopsia. En el tejido blando, de encía se obtuvieron 505 biopsias; labio inferior 164, tejido blando sin especificar 157, lengua 147, mucosa alveolar 146, paladar duro 89 y otras áreas presentaron 321 muestras. De pacientes femeninos fueron 1 370 muestras (62,8 por ciento) y los masculinos con 796 biopsias (36,4 por ciento). Hubo coincidencia entre el diagnóstico clínico con el histopatológico de 1 482 casos (67,9 por ciento), los casos no coincidentes fueron 172 (7,9 por ciento) y 529 casos (24,2 por ciento) donde no se proporcionó diagnóstico clínico, lo cual es aceptable de acuerdo a estudios similares, pero puede ser mejorado substancialmente a través de educación continua(AU)

To submit data on the histopathological diagnosis made in the Oral Pathology Department of Stomatology of Autonomous University in Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico during from 1989 to 2008. From 2 183 biopsies, bone tissue lesions accounted for 637 cases (29.2 percent) and those that soft tissue summarized 1 529 (70 percent), from dental tissue 17 samples (0.8 percent) were processed. For bone tissue the more frequent diagnoses were: periapical granulomas, periapical cyst, dentigerous cyst and odontogenic keratocyst (keratogenic odontogenic tumor). The more frequent diagnoses for the soft tissue are: fibroma, pyogenic granulomas, mucocele, epidermoid carcinoma and papiloma. In maxillary there were 292 cases, in maxilla 258 and in 87 samples there was no specification from which maxillary was obtained the biopsy. In soft tissue, from gum 505 biopsies were obtained, from inferior lip 164, from soft tissue 157 were not specified, tongue 147, alveolar mucosa 146, hard palate 89 and other areas underwent 321 biopsies. From female patients 1 370 biopsies were obtained (62.8 percent) and from male patients 796 biopsies (36.4 percent). There was a coincidence of 1 482 cases (67.9 percent) between the clinical diagnosis and the histopathological one, the no coincident ones summarized 172 (7.9 percent) and 529 cases (24.2 percent) where there wasn't clinical diagnosis being acceptable according to similar studies, but could be significantly improved by a continuous education(AU)

Correlación clínica: histopatológica en apendicitis aguda / Histopathological: clinical correlation in acute appendicitis

Tipo de estudio: descriptivo, transversal y observacional, realizado entre marzo a septiembre de 2002; los datos fueron tomados en el departamento de Estadística del Servicio de Anatomía Patológica del hospital Luis Vernaza, de Guayaquil.Objetivos: Comprobar que el grado lesional de la Apendicitis es dependiente del tiempo de evolución de los síntomas; y,Establecer la etapa evolutiva diagnosticada con mayor frecuencia en el área de Emergencia.Materiales y métodos: Se estudiaron 342 pacientes con diagnóstico clínico preoperatorio de apendicitis. Variables: edad, sexo, procedencia, síntomas y signos, fórmula leucocitaria, horas entre el inicio del dolor y la intervención quirúrgica y diagnóstico histopatológico.Resultados: 133 pacientes fueron mujeres (38.88%) y 209 hombres (61.11%). El margen de edad fue entre los 11 y 85 años. La enfermedad se mostró con mayor frecuencia en el grupo de 21 a 25 años. Se observó dolor abdominal en 52.33%. El 46.78% presentó cuadro clínico típico. 340 tuvieron leucocitosis mayor a 10.000. Los diagnósticos histopatológicos se correspondieron con las horas de evolución del proceso. Apendicitis Gangrenosa: 122 casos (35.67%), Apendicitis Supurada: 109 pacientes (31.87%), Apendicitis incipiente: 49 pacientes (14.32%) y Apendicitis Perforada: 42 pacientes (12.28%).Conclusiones: La apendicitis aguda es una enfermedad que evoluciona en forma dependiente de sus manifestaciones clínicas y las horas de evolución del proceso. El diagnóstico más frecuente fue Apendicitis Gangrenosa.

Study design: Descriptive, cross-sectional and observational conducted between March to September of 2002, in the Department of Statistics of Pathological Anatomy Service of the Luis Vernaza hospital of Guayaquil.Objectives: To verify that the lesional degree of Appendicitis is dependent of evolution time of symptoms; and to Establish the most frequently diagnosed evolutionary stage in the Emergency room.Materials and methods: We studied 342 patients with preoperative diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Variables: age, sex, origin, symptoms and signs, leukocytosis, hours between the onset of pain and surgery, and histopathological diagnosis.Results: 133 patients were women (38.88%) and 209 men (61.11%). The age range was between 11 and 85 years of age. The disease was most frequently in the 21 to 25 years group. Abdominal pain was the most frequent initial complaint (52.33%). 46.78% presented typical clinical picture. 340 had leukocytosis greater to 10.000. The histopathological diagnoses corresponded with the hours of evolution of the process. Gangrenous Appendicitis: 122 cases (35.67%), Suppurative Appendicitis: 109 patients (31.87%), early Appendicitis: 49 patients (14.32%) and Perforated appendicitis: 42 patients (12.28%).Conclusions: Acute appendicitis is a disease that evolves in dependent form of its clinical manifestations and hours of evolution. The most frequent diagnosis was Gangrenous Appendicitis.