Résumé
<b>Objective: </b>It is important to ensure the quality of preparation in hospital pharmacies. Therefore, we evaluated the quantitative method of preparation and the stability of allopurinol for external use in a new dosage form.<br><b>Methods: </b>The new dosage form utilized two kinds of ointment, white petrolatum and hirudoid soft ointment, and liquid. Allopurinol was extracted from these preparations by the liquid-liquid partition method, and assayed by high performance liquid chromatography. A stability test was conducted for six months in the case of the ointments and one month in the case of the liquid.<br><b>Results: </b>Good linearity was obtained, in the range of 30˜670 μg/mL (<i>r</i><sup>2</sup>≥0.999). The recovery of allopurinol added to the two kinds of ointment was 97.7-102.0%, and the relative standard deviation was less than 3.0%. It was observed that the quantity remained relatively constant for one month, and increased after three months.<br><b>Conclusion: </b>A quantitative method for the preparation of allopurinol in ointment, using white petrolatum and hirudoid soft ointment, was evaluated. The results confirmed that allopurinol was stable for one month in ointment and liquid.
Résumé
Os antimicrobianos são um dos grupos de medicamentos mais prescritos nos hospitais e que causam uma grande preocupação quanto à adequação do seu uso. Descreveu-se o perfil dos antimicrobianos utilizados num hospital privado do interior do Rio Grande do Sul, analisando a quantidade consumida de cada antimicrobiano. Foram analisadas todas as prescrições de pacientes que utilizaram antimicrobianos enquanto internados no período de março a junho de 2006. O consumo dos antimicrobianos foi expresso em dose diária definida (DDD) por 100 leitos-dia. As análises de utilização de antimicrobianos foram feitas em geral e estratificadas por grupos de idade e por clínicas médicas. Durante o período em estudo, a prevalência do uso de antimicrobianos foi de 52,4 por cento (IC95 por cento 49,2-55,7). As cefalosporinas foram as mais utilizadas (43,4 por cento), seguidas das penicilinas (16,3 por cento), fluorquinolonas (13,0 por cento) e aminoglicosídeos (9,7 por cento). O alto consumo de antimicrobianos durante o período em estudo é resultado da ausência de uma política de controle dos medicamentos prescritos no hospital e da falta de protocolos de uso de antimicrobianos. Para que haja um controle do consumo de antimicrobianos, os hospitais devem assumir uma política de vigilância sobre as prescrições deste grupo de medicamentos.
The antimicrobials are one of the groups of the most prescribed drugs in hospitals and which cause a great concern for the suitability of their use. The profile of the antimicrobials utilized in a private hospital in the countryside of Rio Grande do Sul State was described and the quantity of each antimicrobial consumed was analyzed. All the prescriptions of patients who utilized antimicrobials while they were hospitalized in the period from March to June 2006 were analyzed. The antimicrobial consumption was expressed in Defined Daily Dose (DDD) in 100 day-beds. The antimicrobial utilization analysis were done generally speaking and divided by age groups and by medical clinics. During the studying period the antimicrobial use prevalence was of 52.4 percent (IC 95 percent 49.2 - 55.7). The cephalosporins were the most utilized (43.4 percent), followed by the penicillins (16.3 percent), fluoroquinolones (13.0 percent) and aminoglycosides (9.7 percent). The high consumption of antimicrobials during the studying period is the result of the absence of a policy for controlling the drugs prescribed in hospital and the lack of protocols of antimicrobial use. In order to exist a control of antimicrobial consumption the hospitals must assume a surveillance policy on the prescriptions of this drug group.