Opinions on bioethics and human death of Japanese medical students / 医学教育

<p>Objective: To assess opinions on bioethics and human death for more effective ethics-based education in the future.</p><p>Methods: We conducted a questionnaire survey among medical students in their 1st, 2nd, 4th, and 6th years and non-medical 1st year students.</p><p>Results: A baseline assessment among the 1st year students demonstrated significant differences between medical and non-medical students regarding some points, such as euthanasia, human cloning, fear of death, living a life with purpose, and human death. Significant differences were found between medical students in their 2nd, 4th, and 6th years in the following items: pre-implantation and prenatal genetic diagnosis, genetic testing, assisted reproductive technology, and living a life with purpose.</p><p>Conclusions: Based on medical students' opinions regarding bioethics and human death, we expect further improvements in ethics-based education for them at all levels.</p>

Valoraciones morales de profesionales de la salud sobre el estatuto ontológico de la persona al final de la vida / Moral valuation of health professionals about he ontological statute of the pperson at the end of tee life / Valoação moral ddos profissionais da saúde sobre o etatuto ontológiico da pessoa no final da vida

El espacio de reflexión y debate que ofrece la Bioética debe ser aprovechado, fundamentalmente, en temas tan escabrosos como comprometedores con la existencialidad del hombre. Con el avance impetuoso de la ciencia y la tecnología, los límites entre la vida y la muerte se han dilatado, el contexto del espacio y el tiempo en que se desarrolla la muerte humana ha cambiado. Y no es que no se muera o que se muera mucho menos que en tiempos remotos, sino que los dilemas que se configuran alrededor de la muerte son otros. El poder resolutivo de las ciencias biomédicas hace que cada día nos encontremos ante eventos nunca antes pensados por el hombre por los que surgen estados ontológicos generan dudas sobre referentes éticos solidificados por el hombre. ¿Qué entender por persona? ¿Qué es la muerte? ¿Cómo asumirla? Todas son preguntas que marcan el hilo conductor de la reflexión para responder ante los conflictos de la existencialidad humana en los límites ahora movedizos de la vida.

The opportunity of reflection and debate that offers Bioethics must be well-planned, essentially in crude issues as compromising with the existence of the man. With the impetuous advance of science and the technology the limits between the life and the death have dilated, the context space time in which the human death is developed has changed, is not that it does not die or that dies much less that in remote times, but the dilemmas that are formed around the death are others. The decisive power of biomedical sciences causes that every day we are before events never thought before by the man, arise ontological states that put in crisis and doubt ethical episteme solidified by the man.

E necessário explorar o espaço de reflexão e debate que oferece a bioética, sobretudo em áreas tão delicadas, relacionadas com a existência humana. Com o rápido avanço da ciência e da tecnologia, têm-se ampliados os limites entre a vida e a morte, mudou o contexto espaço-tempo em que se desenvolve a morte humana. Não é que ninguém morra nem menos pessoas morram hoje do que outros tempos, mas são diferentes os dilemas em torno da morte. O poder de resolução das ciências biomédicas permite que ocorram eventos diários jamais concebidos pelo homem; surgem estados ontológicos que põem em crise e questionam alguns epistemes éticos petrificados pelo homem.

A Survey of Newly Enrolled Medical Students and New Students of Other Faculties on the Sensitivity to Human Death and Dying / 医学教育

A questionnaire survey of newly enrolled medical students on the sensitivity to human death and dying was conducted at Yamaguchi University in June 1997 and June 1998. The survey was performed during lectures of an elective liberal arts course in medical ethics for first-year students. Responses were received from 415 students, including 63 medical students. Answers from new medical students were compared with those from new students of other faculties. Our results show that our medical school entrance examination does not generally select students with a high motivation for bioethics. We should consider further improvement in the curriculum of the introduction to medicine (igakugairon in Japanese).