Analysis of factors affecting stability of high concentration VHH-Fc fusion protein / 中国生物制品学杂志

@#Objective To explore the factors affecting the stability of high concentration variable domain of heavy-chain antibody-Fc(VHH-Fc) fusion protein.Methods Three groups of forced degradation experiments,shaking,light and 40℃ high temperature were set up.Differential scanning fluorimetry,dynamic light scattering(DLS) and ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS) were used to detect the effects of the three forced degradation conditions on the conformational stability,colloidal stability,average hydrodynamic diameter and post-translational modifications of high concentration VHH-Fc fusion protein.Results Under the light condition,the onset temperature of unfolding(T_(onset)),melting temperature(T_m) and aggregation onset temperature(T_(agg)) of high concentration VHH-Fc fusion protein decreased the most,and the oxidation ratio of Met160 and Met266 increased significantly.Under the condition of shaking,the variation of the diffusion interaction parameter(k_D) and the average hydrodynamic diameter was the largest.Conclusion Light can significantly reduce the conformational stability of high concentration VHH-Fc fusion protein and induce methionine oxidation.Shaking has the most significant effect on its colloidal stability and promotes aggregation

Analysis of factors affecting stability of high concentration VHH-Fc fusion protein / 中国生物制品学杂志

@#Objective To explore the factors affecting the stability of high concentration variable domain of heavy-chain antibody-Fc(VHH-Fc) fusion protein.Methods Three groups of forced degradation experiments,shaking,light and 40℃ high temperature were set up.Differential scanning fluorimetry,dynamic light scattering(DLS) and ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS) were used to detect the effects of the three forced degradation conditions on the conformational stability,colloidal stability,average hydrodynamic diameter and post-translational modifications of high concentration VHH-Fc fusion protein.Results Under the light condition,the onset temperature of unfolding(T_(onset)),melting temperature(T_m) and aggregation onset temperature(T_(agg)) of high concentration VHH-Fc fusion protein decreased the most,and the oxidation ratio of Met160 and Met266 increased significantly.Under the condition of shaking,the variation of the diffusion interaction parameter(k_D) and the average hydrodynamic diameter was the largest.Conclusion Light can significantly reduce the conformational stability of high concentration VHH-Fc fusion protein and induce methionine oxidation.Shaking has the most significant effect on its colloidal stability and promotes aggregation.

Experimental Study on Effects of Mitral Regurgitation on Hydrodynamic Performance of Aortic Valve / 中国医疗器械杂志

OBJECTIVE@#Aims researches on the interaction between heart valves is limited in clinical. Meanwhile the data of in vitro testing are insufficient. In this study, the in vitro hydrodynamic performance of an aortic valve was studied by using a model of mitral regurgitation that could finely adjust the regurgitant volume.@*METHODS@#The regurgitation of mitral valve was gradually increased under the certain condition of heart rate, stroke volume, and mean aortic pressure and captured the hydrodynamic performance of the aortic valve.@*RESULTS@#The study on the hydrodynamic performance of mechanical aortic valve (25AJ-501) by using a model of mitral regurgitation found that the effective orifice area and mean pressure difference of the aortic valve are negatively correlated with the degree of mitral regurgitation.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The method based on a model of mitral regurgitation that could finely adjust the regurgitant volume established in this study can be used to study the effect of mitral valve regurgitation on the hydrodynamic performance of the aortic valve.

Uso do modelo HEC-RAS com base em informações de LiDAR para avaliação de inundações urbanas / Use of the HEC-RAS model based on LiDAR information for urban flood assessment

RESUMO O crescimento desordenado das cidades e o excesso de impermeabilização são problemáticas dos grandes centros urbanos, tendo como consequência principal a ocorrência de inundações e alagamentos. Nesse contexto, a modelagem hidrodinâmica pode ser uma importante ferramenta para a determinação de áreas inundáveis, permitindo estimar as cotas de inundação para diferentes cenários de tempos de retorno (TR) e chuvas de projetos, permitindo, assim, representar mais fielmente a realidade e minimizar erros decorrentes de projetos hidráulicos. Trabalhando em conjunto com o Sistema de Informações Geográficas (SIG), em que a geometria do canal é extraída por meio do Modelo Digital do Terreno (MDT) de alta precisão gerado por levantamento com técnica LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) e software de modelagem hidrodinâmica (Hydrologic Engineering Center — River Analysis System — HEC-RAS), foi possível avaliar diferentes cenários de inundações no trecho canalizado em concreto, no córrego Botafogo, em Goiânia, Goiás. Com os resultados da modelagem hidrodinâmica foi possível avaliar o comportamento da propagação das vazões geradas, constatando-se que para precipitações com TR de 50 anos ou mais, os limites da canalização não suportam os volumes gerados e transportados, provocando inundações em seis trechos críticos. Os dados obtidos pelo HEC-RAS puderam ser validados a partir de registros fotográficos divulgados pela imprensa local e levantamento topográfico dos locais inundados, de modo que a integração entre o SIG e a modelagem hidrodinâmica se mostrou eficiente para o estudo de áreas inundáveis.

ABSTRACT The disordered growth of cities and the excessive waterproofing are problematic of the large urban centers, having as a main consequence the occurrence of floods and overflows. Within this context, hydrodynamic modeling can be an important tool for the determination of floodable areas, allowing the estimation of flood quotas for different scenarios of return periods (TR) and project rainfall, thus allowing to more accurately represent reality and minimize errors arising from hydraulic designs. Working with Geographic Information System (GIS), where the channel geometry is extracted using the high precision Digital Terrain Model (DTM) generated by LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) survey and hydrodynamic modeling software (HEC-RAS), it was possible to evaluate different flood scenarios in the channeled concrete section, in the Botafogo Stream in Goiânia, Goiás. With the results of hydrodynamic modeling, it was possible to evaluate the propagation behavior of the generated flows, finding that for precipitation with TR 50 years or older, the plumbing limits do not support the generated and transported volumes, causing flooding in six critical stretches. The data obtained by HEC-RAS could be validated from photographic records released by the press and topographic survey of flooded sites, so that the integration between GIS and hydrodynamic modeling proved to be efficient for the study of floodable areas.

In vitro hydrodynamic performance testing of heart valve prosthesis and its clinical application / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#The heart valve prosthesis must have excellent hydrodynamic performance which is usually tested in vitro, not in vivo. This paper comprehensively introduced the principles and methods of hydrodynamic performance in vitro testing, helping clinicians to understand valve performance parameters, evaluate valve applicability, and reduce clinical risk of the valve prosthesis. In vitro testing not only serves as the "gold standard" for valve prosthesis assessment, but also provides detailed data for design and optimization of the prosthesis. ISO 5840 defines the items and methods for valve in vitro testing, which consists of three parts: (1) pulsatile flow testing, which reproduces the pulsating flow of the valve prosthesis after implantation in the human body; (2) steady flow testing, which assesses valve forward flow resistance; (3) durability testing, which evaluates the durability of the valve prosthesis and determines the expected failure   mode. In addition, the paper presented the differences between atrioventricular and aortic valve testing, the method of mitral valve testing, the differences between transcatheter and surgical valve testing, and the method of valve flow visualization.

Mitral valve-in-valve: defining the indication limits by in vitro hydrodynamic tests in a brazilian transcatheter prosthesis

Abstract Introduction: Reoperations in cardiac surgery represent a clinical challenge, particularly because of the higher rate of perioperative morbidity and mortality. Mitral valve reoperation owing to bioprosthesis dysfunction, transcatheter treatment with a prosthesis implantation over the prosthesis has emerged as an alternative, especially for patients with a previous approach. In this study, we analyzed the hydrodynamic behavior of transcatheter prosthesis implantation in conventional mitral bioprostheses through hydrodynamic tests and produced a recommendation for the size of transcatheter valve most adequate for valve-in-valve procedure. Methods: Mitral bioprostheses were attached to a flow duplicator and different combinations of transcatheter prostheses were implanted inside. The equipment simulates the hydrodynamic behavior of the valves submitted in vitro and determines transvalvular pressures and flow parameters. Results: All tests could be performed. Better hydrodynamic performance occurred for transcatheter prostheses 1 mm smaller than bioprostheses, except for the 27-mm bioprostheses. Effective valve areas (cm²) and transvalvular gradients (mmHg) were, respectively: Bioprosthesis × Inovare: 27 × 28 mm: 1.65 and 5.95/29 × 28 mm and 31 × 30 mm: 2.15 and 3.6. Conclusion: The mitral valve-in-valve implantation proved to be feasible in vitro. The use of 27-mm bioprostheses should be judicious, with preference for a 26-mm transcatheter valve. In the 29 and 31-mm bioprostheses, the implantation was very satisfactory, with good effective valve areas and transvalvular gradients, with preference for smaller transcatheter valves.

Lítio, dextrana e rodamina na avaliação da hidrodinâmica de sistemas alagados construídos / Lithium, dextran, and rhodamine in the hydrodynamic evaluation of constructed wetlands

RESUMO Sistemas alagados construídos (SACs) são alternativas de engenharia para tratamento de águas residuárias. Entretanto, ainda são limitadas as pesquisas relacionadas à hidrodinâmica desses sistemas, quando comparados a outras unidades de tratamento, como filtros biológicos, reatores anaeróbios, lagoas de estabilização, dentre outros. Dessa forma, neste estudo teve-se como objetivo avaliar o comportamento hidrodinâmico de três SACs de escoamento horizontal subsuperficial (plantados e não plantados) em escala piloto, por meio da injeção dos traçadores cloreto de lítio, dextrana azul e rodamina WT. Utilizaram-se diferentes metodologias de normalização, para vazão constante e para vazão variável, para avaliar o efeito da variação da taxa de escoamento no sistema. Além disso, determinaram-se os índices hidrodinâmicos e o grau de dispersão dos sistemas por meio dos modelos de escoamento tanques em série e escoamento disperso. Os valores recuperados de rodamina WT e de lítio foram satisfatórios, maiores do que 80% da massa injetada nos três SACs. Para a dextrana azul, a taxa recuperação não foi validada. Não foram verificadas diferenças nas curvas de distribuição de tempo de retenção submetidas às duas metodologias de normalização. Os índices hidrodinâmicos determinados revelaram baixo grau de curtos-circuitos, boa eficiência hidráulica e mistura nos sistemas. Os sistemas apresentaram grau de dispersão moderada, o que está de acordo com os resultados obtidos pelos índices hidrodinâmicos.

ABSTRACT Constructed wetlands (CWs) are engineering alternatives for wastewater treatment. However, the scientific literature related to the hydrodynamics of these systems is still scarce when compared to other treatments, such as trickling filters, anaerobic reactors, stabilizations ponds, among others. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the hydrodynamic behavior of three subsurface horizontal flow CWs (vegetated and unvegetated) on a pilot scale by injecting the tracers lithium chloride, blue dextran, and rhodamine WT. Different normalization methodologies for constant and variable flows were used to evaluate the effect of flow rate variation on the system. In addition, hydrodynamic indices and the system dispersion degree were determined by tank-in-series and dispersion models. The recovered mass of rhodamine WT and lithium was greater than 80% in the three systems, considered satisfactory. For the blue dextran, the recovery rate was not validated. Residence time distribution curves were submitted to two normalization methodologies. No difference was detected. The hydrodynamic indices found revealed low short circuit level, good hydraulic efficiency and mixing in the systems. The systems presented a moderate degree of dispersion, agreeing with the results obtained by the hydrodynamic indices.

Modelación hidrodinámica y de calidad del agua en un ecosistema estuarino urbano con incidencia maregráfica y vertimientos de aguas residuales / Hydrodynamic and water quality modeling in an urban estuarine ecosystem with tidal incidence and sewage discharges / Modelagem hidrodinâmica e de qualidade da água em um ecossistema estuarino urbano com incidência da maré e descarga de esgoto

RESUMEN El efecto del régimen de mareas y la descarga directa de aguas residuales en áreas estuarinas pueden incrementar los problemas de contaminación debido a la retención y transporte de cargas contaminantes. El uso de modelos matemáticos se ha convertido en una herramienta esencial para la gestión del recurso hídrico en estos ambientes. En esta investigación se modeló la incidencia del régimen de mareas y los vertimientos de aguas residuales en la calidad de agua en un ambiente estuarino urbano utilizando el modelo HEC-RAS. El modelo fue calibrado/validado utilizando el caudal medio de largo periodo (QMLT) y parámetros de calidad de agua medidos en campo, tales como: DBO, OD, N-O2 y N-O3. Los resultados evidenciaron que los niveles de agua, caudales y parámetros de calidad de agua medidos en campo fueron bien representados por el modelo. Las simulaciones mostraron que la calidad del agua en todos los trechos aguas abajo de la PTAR se encuentran eutrofizados. Adicionalmente, el régimen de marea provoca retención y transporte de contaminantes en áreas de baja pendiente. El abordaje propuesto se constituye en una valiosa herramienta para evaluar la calidad de agua en ambientes estuarinos urbanos y áreas circundantes con incidencia de régimen maregráfico.

ABSTRACT The effect of the tidal regime and sewage discharge on estuarine areas can cause pollution problems, due to the retention and transport of pollutants. The use of mathematical models has become an essential tool for the water resources management in these environments. In this paper, the incidence of tidal regime and sewage discharge on the water quality of an urban estuarine ecosystem was modeled using the HEC-RAS model. The model was calibrated / validated using the medium long-term streamflow (QMLT) and water quality parameters measured in field, such as: BOD, DO, N-O2 N-O3. The results showed that the water level, streamflow and the water quality parameters measured in field were well represented from the model. The simulations showed that the water quality for all the sections downstream of the Wastewater Treatment Plant are eutrophied. Additionally the tidal regime causes retention and transport of pollutants in areas of low slope. The proposed approach is a valuable tool for assessing the water quality in urban estuarine environments and surrounding areas with incidence of tidal regime.

RESUMO O efeito do regime de marés e a descarga directa de esgoto em zonas estuarinas pode aumentar os problemas de poluição devido à retenção e transporte de cargas poluentes. A utilização de modelos matemáticos tornou-se uma ferramenta essencial para a gestão dos recursos hídricos nestes ambientes. Nesta investigação, a incidência do regime de marés e descargas de esgoto na qualidade da água em um ambiente estuarino urbano foi simulada utilizando o modelo HEC-RAS. O modelo foi calibrado/validado utilizando o caudal médio de longo período (QMLT) e parâmetros de qualidade da água medidos no campo, tais como DBO, OD, N-O2 e N-O3. Os resultados mostraram que os níveis da água, vazões e parâmetros de qualidade da água medidos no campo foram bem representados no modelo. As simulações mostraram que a qualidade da água em todos os trechos a jusante da ETE estão eutrofizados. Além disso, o regime de maré causa retenção e transporte de poluentes em áreas de baixa declividade. A abordagem proposta é uma ferramenta valiosa para avaliar a qualidade da água em ambientes estuarinos urbanos e áreas circundantes com incidência de regime de marés.

Determinação das taxas de renovação das águas no complexo estuarino de Paranaguá / Determination of water renewal rates in the Paranaguá estuarine complex

RESUMO Este trabalho investiga a renovação das águas no Complexo Estuarino de Paranaguá (CEP), localizado no estado do Paraná, Brasil, usando o sistema de modelagem computacional SisBaHiA®. Um modelo de circulação hidrodinâmica, para a definição dos padrões de circulação, e um modelo de transporte Euleriano, para calcular a taxa de renovação (TR), idade da água (IA) e escoamento residual, foram implementados. A TR, a IA e o escoamento residual foram determinados para diferentes cenários hidrodinâmicos, com períodos representativos de verão e de inverno e, consequentemente, com diferentes forçantes (maré, vazão ou vento) com o objetivo de identificar as possíveis áreas de estagnação. Os resultados obtidos mostram que a maré e as vazões fluviais são os forçantes de maior importância na renovação das águas do CEP. Em todos os cenários foram identificadas duas possíveis áreas de estagnação, que apresentam menores TRs e maior IA, quando comparadas com outras regiões, a saber, a região da baía dos Pinheiros e a região próxima à cidade de Paranaguá. Durante o verão e considerando todos os forçantes, as TRs na região da baía dos Pinheiros e na região próxima à cidade de Paranaguá são menores que 95%, enquanto nas demais regiões do CEP os valores são superiores a 95%.

ABSTRACT This work investigates the water renewal in the Paranaguá Estuarine Complex (PEC), located in the state of Paraná, Brazil, using the SisBaHiA® computer modelling system. A hydrodynamic circulation model, for the definition of hydrodynamic circulation patterns, and an Eulerian transport model, for the computation of the water renewal rate, water age and residual circulation, were implemented. The water renewal rate, water age and residual circulation were computed for different hydrodynamic scenarios, with representative summer and winter periods and, consequently, with different forcings (tide, river flow or wind), in order to identify possible stagnation areas. Results show that the tide and the river flows are the most important forcings in the water renewal of the PEC. Two possible stagnation areas were identified in all scenarios, which presented lower renewal rates and higher water ages when compared to the other regions, namely, the Pinheiros bay region and the region near to Paranaguá city. During the summer and taking into account all the forcings, renewal rates in the Pinheiros Bay region and near the city of Paranaguá are less than 95% whereas in the other regions of the PEC, the values are higher than 95%.

Numerical simulation of a self-propelled fish-like swimmer with rigid and flexible caudal fins

Aim: In this paper, numerical simulations were conducted to investigate the swimming performances, hydrodynamics performances and wake structures of a self-propelled swimmer with rigid and flexible caudal fins.Methodology: The kinematics model of the swimmer was constructed using thunniform swimming. Using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method, the systematic study of swimmer with rigid and flexible caudal fins was carried out. Results: The results showed that the caudal fin flexibility is beneficial to the fast-start of fish but not conducive to the fast cruising of fish. The fish with rigid caudal fin has larger cruising velocity inquasi-steady swimming and smaller forward acceleration in fast-start stage. In addition, the caudal fin flexibility is also beneficial to the heading stability of fish’s self-propelled swimming. The pressure distribution on the fish surface indicates that most of the thrust is generated by the leading-edge region of the caudal fin. The visualization of wake structures showed the existence of the attached leading-edge vortex (LEV) in thunniform swimming. Interpretation: Based on the present simulations, the hydrodynamic performance of tuna during self-propelled swimming was analyzed in detail. Researchers can use these findings to design bionic robot fish with rigid and flexible tails.

Update on dentin hypersensitivity: with the focus on hydrodynamic theory and mechanosensitive ion channels

Dentin hypersensitivity is an abrupt intense pain caused by innocuous stimuli to exposed dentinal tubules. Mechanosensitive ion channels have been assessed in dental primary afferent neurons and odontoblasts to explain dentin hypersensitivity. Dentinal fluid dynamics evoked by various stimuli to exposed dentin cause mechanical stress to the structures underlying dentin. This review briefly discusses three hypotheses regarding dentin hypersensitivity and introduces recent findings on mechanosensitive ion channels expressed in the dental sensory system and discusses how the activation of these ion channels is involved in dentin hypersensitivity.

Liver injury induced by hydrodynamic injection and natural repair of liver in mice / 吉林大学学报(医学版)

Objective: To observe the morphological features of liver injury induced by hydrodynamic injection, and to explore the procedure and mechanism of liver repair. Methods: Twenty-five female Balb/c mice were intravenously injected with large volume of saline solution (1.8 - 2.0 ml) in 3 s. The mice were divided into 30 min, 8 h, 1d, 3d, and 7 d groups according to the post-injection time. Each group contained 5 mice. Six non-injected mice were used as control group. The blood samples from angular vein of the mice were collected to detect the levels of alanine transaminase (ALT). The morphological features of liver tissue of the mice in various groups were observed with HE staining. The proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) protein expressions in liver tissue of the mice in various groups were detected by immunohistochemical saining. The expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), epidermal growth factor (EGF), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), transforming growth factor-a (TGF-α), Cyclin D1, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), Bax and Bcl-2 mRNA were determined by Real-time PCR. Results: Compared with control group, the ratio of liver weight/original body weight in 8 h group was significantly decreased (P0.05). Compared with control group, the serum ALT level in 1 d group was significantly elevated (P0.05). Compared with control group, the liver tissue of the mice in 30 min group showed hepatocyte swollen and small hemorrhagic area, and the number of hepatocytes per high power field was significantly declined (q=4.760, P0.05). The hemorrhagic and necrotic areas almost disappeared in 3 d group. The histological appearance of liver tissue of the mice in 7 d group was same as control group. Compared with control group, the PCNA indexes in hepatocytes in 8 h and 1 d groups were significantly increased (t=4.458, P0.05). Compared with control group, the PCNA index in cholangiocytes in 30 min group was increased significantly (t=3.985, P0.05). The mRNA expression levels of TNF-a, IL-6, EGF, and VEGF in liver tissue of the mice in 30 min group were significantly higher than those in 8 h group (q=4.952, P<0.05; q= 14.750, P<0.01; q=14.750, P<0.01; q= 13.551, P<0.01). The HGF mRNA expression level in liver tissue of the mice in 3 d group was significantly higher than those in 30 min group and 8 h group (q=5.031, P< 0.05; q=4.631, P<0.05). The TGF-a mRNA expression levels in liver tissue of the mice in 8 h group and 1 d group were higher than that in 30 min group (q=4.592, P<0.05; q=8.137, P<0.01). The Cyclin Dl mRNA expression levels in liver tissue of the mice in 8 h group and 1 d group were higher than that in 7 d group (q=4.736, q=5.213, P<0.05). The Bax/Bcl-2 ratio of the mice in 1 d group was higher than that in 30 min group (q= 5.731, P<0.01). Conclusion: Acute liver injury induced by hydrodynamic injection mainly shows the hepatocyte swelling and hemorrhagic necrosis. The injury could be repaired naturally in a week. The various cytokines and growth factors related with liver regeneration are involved in the repair procedure.

Correlation between left main coronary artery bifurcation angle and non-calcified plaque and its hydrodynamics / 中华放射学杂志

Objective To investigate the correlation between the angle and distribution of non-calcified plaque of left main coronary bifurcation and its hydrodynamic theory. Methods Retrospective analysis of 55 patients suspected of coronary heart disease who had undergone coronary computed tomographic angiography from January 2014 to June 2016.Angle,quadrant distribution,distance from bifurcation reference plane,minimal lumen area and extravascular elastic membrane cross section area of left main coronary bifurcation were measured. Then we calculated the plaque burden. The left main coronary bifurcation lesions were divided into plaque group and non-plaque group.Student's t test was used to compare the two groups.The left main coronary bifurcation lesions were divided into≥70°group and<70° group, Chi-square test and Fisher exact test were used to compared the two groups. Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyse the bifurcation angle and plaque distance. The data of non-plaque group was imported into the MIMICS,3-MATIC and abaqus CFD software to establish the hydrodynamic model,which was used to analyze the changes of pressure and velocity at different angles.Results Plaque group has 25 patients whose average value of the bifurcation angle was(55.95±14.77)°;non-plaque group has 30 patients whose average value of the bifurcation angle was(55.95±14.77)°.Angle difference was statistically significant between plaque and non-plaque group(t=2.893,P=0.006);Plaque difference was statistically significant between≥70°and<70°groups.The distance was negatively correlated with bifurcation angle(r=-0.773,P<0.001). Following the increase of bifurcation angle, the vascular wall area of high pressure and low speed region growed The green region of low-wall pressure with irregular distribution appeared in the lateral wall of the vessel that opposite to the red region of the bifurcation,and this region had lager gradient variability of wall pressure. Conclusion With the increase of coronary bifurcation angle, the possibility of plaque formation increases, the distance from plaque to bifurcation increases,the plaques tend to appear in the lateral wall of the blood vessels.

Liver injury induced by hydrodynamic injection and natural repair of liver in mice / 吉林大学学报(医学版)

Objective:To observe the morphological features of liver injury induced by hydrodynamic injection, and to explore the procedure and mechanism of liver repair. Methods:Twenty-five female Balb/c mice were intravenously injected with large volume of saline solution(1.8-2.0 mL)in 3 s. The mice were divided into 30 min,8 h,1 d,3 d,and 7 d groups according to the post-injection time.Each group contained 5 mice.Six non-injected mice were used as control group.The blood samples from angular vein of the mice were collected to detect the levels of alanine transaminase(ALT).The morphological features of liver tissue of the mice in various groups were observed with HE staining.The proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA)protein expressions in liver tissue of the mice in various groups were detected by immunohistochemical saining.The expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-6(IL-6),epidermal growth factor(EGF),hepatocyte growth factor (HGF),transforming growth factor-α(TGF-α),Cyclin D1,vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),Bax and Bcl-2 mRNA were determined by Real-time PCR.Results:Compared with control group,the ratio of liver weight/original body weight in 8 h group was significantly decreased(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference in 7 d group(P>0.05).Compared with control group,the serum ALT level in 1 d group was significantly elevated (P<0.01),but there was no significant difference in 7 d group(P>0.05).Compared with control group,the liver tissue of the mice in 30 min group showed hepatocyte swollen and small hemorrhagic area,and the number of hepatocytes per high power field was significantly declined(q=4.760,P<0.05)under microscope.Compared with 30 min group,the number of swollen cells was decreased in 8 h group,the hemorrhagic and necrotic area enlarged, both of the hepatocyte number and binuclear hepatocyte number per high power field were significantly increased (q=7.310,P<0.01;q=7.200,P<0.01).Compared with 8 h group,the hemorrhagic and necrotic areas in 1 d group were reduced,both of the hepatocyte number and binuclear hepatocyte number per high power field were significantly decreased(q=4.966,P<0.05;q=6.596,P<0.01);there were no significant differences compared with control group(P>0.05).The hemorrhagic and necrotic areas almost disappeared in 3 d group.The histological appearance of liver tissue of the mice in 7 d group was same as control group.Compared with control group,the PCNA indexes in hepatocytes in 8 h and 1 d groups were significantly increased(t=4.458,P<0.01;t=15.557,P<0.01);there was no significant difference in 7 d group(P>0.05).Compared with control group, the PCNA index in cholangiocytes in 30 min group was increased significantly(t=3.985,P<0.01);there was no significant difference in 7 d group(P>0.05).The mRNA expression levels of TNF-α,IL-6,EGF,and VEGF in liver tissue of the mice in 30 min group were significantly higher than those in 8 h group(q=4.952,P<0.05;q=14.750,P<0.01;q=14.750,P<0.01;q=13.551,P<0.01).The HGF mRNA expression level in liver tissue of the mice in 3 d group was significantly higher than those in 30 min group and 8 h group(q=5.031,P<0.05;q=4.631,P<0.05).The TGF-αmRNA expression levels in liver tissue of the mice in 8 h group and 1 d group were higher than that in 30 min group(q=4.592,P<0.05;q=8.137,P<0.01).The Cyclin D1 mRNA expression levels in liver tissue of the mice in 8 h group and 1 d group were higher than that in 7 d group(q=4.736, q=5.213,P<0.05).The Bax/Bcl-2 ratio of the mice in 1 d group was higher than that in 30 min group(q=5.731,P<0.01).Conclusion:Acute liver injury induced by hydrodynamic injection mainly shows the hepatocyte swelling and hemorrhagic necrosis.The injury could be repaired naturally in a week.The various cytokines and growth factors related with liver regeneration are involved in the repair procedure.

Uso de traçadores fluorescentes para determinar características de transporte e dispersão no Rio Piabanha (RJ) para a modelagem quali-quantitativa pelo HEC-RAS / Use of dye tracers to determine transport and dispersion parameters in Piabanha River (RJ) for its quali-quantitative modeling with HEC-RAS

RESUMO Um estudo de campo foi realizado em um trecho de aproximadamente 70 km do rio Piabanha, localizado entre Petrópolis e Areal, na região serrana do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, para estimar as características de transporte e dispersão de contaminantes usando técnicas de traçadores fluorescentes. A análise dos resultados de dois trabalhos de campo, realizados no outono de 2012, permitiu determinar os valores de tempo de trânsito, vazão líquida, velocidade média e coeficiente de dispersão longitudinal. Utilizou-se os dados de vazão e velocidade média obtidos nos ensaios com traçadores para calibrar o modelo hidrodinâmico unidimensional Hydrologic Engineering Center’s River Analysis System (HEC-RAS). Considerando que parâmetros hidráulicos obtidos por métodos clássicos em rios com geometria muito irregular, como a do rio Piabanha, não são adequados para representar as características médias de um trecho, os ensaios com traçadores representaram uma boa alternativa para obtenção de parâmetros necessários a modelos hidrodinâmicos. Os resultados obtidos pelo modelo HEC-RAS apresentaram ótima concordância com os dados obtidos por meio dos ensaios com traçadores fluorescentes.

ABSTRACT A field study was carried out on a reach of approximately 70 km of Piabanha river, located between Petrópolis and Areal, in the highlands of Rio de Janeiro State to estimate the transport and dispersion characteristics of contaminants using dye tracers techniques. The results of field campaigns, conducted in the fall of 2012, allowed to determine the values of transit time, flow rate, mean flow velocity and longitudinal dispersion coefficient. The flow rate and mean velocity obtained in situ with dye tracers were used to calibrate the one-dimensional hydrodynamic model Hydrologic Engineering Center’s River Analysis System (HEC-RAS). Whereas hydraulic parameters obtained by classical methods for rivers with very irregular geometry such as Piabanha river are not suitable for representing the average characteristics of a river stretch, the results obtained with tracers represented a good alternative to obtain parameters used in hydrodynamic models. The results obtained by the HEC-RAS are in excellent agreement with those obtained by the experiments with fluorescent tracers.

Modelagem da dispersão de coliformes termotolerantes e enterococos em duas enseadas na região costeira de Ubatuba (SP), Brasil / Modeling of the dispersion of thermotolerant coliforms and enterococci in two bays in the coastal region of Ubatuba (SP), Brazil

RESUMO Foram avaliados os efeitos de ações antrópicas sobre o sistema costeiro de Ubatuba (SP) através de modelos que descrevem os mecanismos e as reações envolvidas na dispersão de indicadores microbiológicos (coliformes termotolerantes e enterococos) na água do mar. A análise da qualidade das águas destinadas à recreação, além de ser uma ação importante em termos de saúde pública, também se justifica em vista da importância da atividade turística em Ubatuba, possuindo, ainda, grande relevância para o planejamento ambiental. Na modelagem, foram utilizados os módulos do sistema Delft3D. No módulo de qualidade da água, foram estudados os mecanismos de dispersão dos poluentes, a partir da associação de dados de poluição com os resultados do módulo hidrodinâmico, em duas enseadas em Ubatuba (SP): Flamengo e Palmas. Os resultados obtidos permitem afirmar que o sistema de correntes nas enseadas, determinado pela geomorfologia da região, não confere alta capacidade de diluição e dispersão de efluentes na área de estudo. Todavia, a circulação marinha e os processos envolvidos no decaimento das bactérias são suficientes para difundir e diminuir suas concentrações ao longo das enseadas. Concluiu-se que a modelagem ambiental reproduziu de maneira satisfatória os processos envolvidos no transporte e na difusão de indicadores microbiológicos, contribuindo com os estudos sobre os efeitos das atividades antrópicas no sistema costeiro de Ubatuba.

ABSTRACT The effects of human activities on the coastal system of Ubatuba (SP) were evaluated through models that describe the mechanisms and reactions involved in the dispersal of microbiological indicators (thermotolerant coliforms and enterococci) in seawater. Analysis of the quality of water intended for recreation as well as being an important action in terms of public health, is also justified in view of the importance of tourism in Ubatuba, having also great importance to environmental planning. In modeling, the modules Delft3D system were used. In the water quality module, the pollutants dispersal mechanisms were studied, from the association of pollution data with the results of the hydrodynamic module, in two bays in Ubatuba: Flamengo and Palmas. The results allow us to state that the system of currents, determined by the geomorphology of the area, does not provide high capacity for dilution and dispersion of effluents in the study area. However, the marine circulation and the processes involved in the decay of bacteria are enough to spread and reduce their concentrations along the bays. It was concluded that environmental modeling reproduced satisfactorily the processes involved in the transport and diffusion of microbiological indicators, contributing to the studies on the effects of human activities on the coastal system of Ubatuba.

Elevação de seio maxilar via crista utilizando a técnica hidrodinâmica / Maxilar transcrestal sinus lift with hidrodynamic technique

A elevação de seio via crista do rebordo maxilar é uma técnica bastante utilizada no aumento ósseo da maxila posterior, e a utilização de osteótomos de Summers com martelo é a modalidade mais conhecida. Esta técnica é denominada "técnica de elevação de seio atraumática", o que se trata de uma designação equivocada, uma vez que as marteladas utilizadas para elevar o assoalho do seio maxilar, dependendo do nível de densidade óssea, são bastante incômodas aos pacientes e não são raras as manifestações de desconforto pelos mesmos. Além do desconforto, devido às marteladas sobre os osteótomos, pode ocorrer a vertigem posicional paroxicística benigna (VPPB). Nos últimos anos, a Implantodontia vem buscando técnicas menos traumáticas para a elevação de seio maxilar, destacando-se aquelas que se utilizam de instrumentos rotatórios. Neste trabalho, foi apresentada uma técnica de elevação de seio via crista, que se caracteriza por ser minimamente invasiva e pouco traumática, utilizando instrumentos rotatórios (kit SCA ­ Neobiotech, Coreia), associada à técnica hidrodinâmica (Aqua Lift System, IM3 ­ Neobiotech, Coreia) para descolamento e elevação da membrana, enxertia com Cerasorb (Curasan, Alemanha) e instalação de implante concomitantemente (SW ­ SIN, Brasil).

The transcrestal maxillary sinus lift is a technique widely used in bone enhancement of the posterior maxilla and the use of Summers osteotomes with hammer is the best known modality. This technique is termed an atraumatic sinus elevation technique, which is probably a misnomer, since hammers used to raise the floor of the maxillary sinus, depending on the level of bone density, are very uncomfortable for patients and manifestations of discomfort are not uncommon. In addition to discomfort, due to the hammering of the osteotomes, benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) can occur as a complication. In recent years, Implantology has been seeking less traumatic techniques for maxillary sinus elevation. Among them, stand out those that use rotary instruments. In this work, a technique of sinus elevation via crest is presented, which is characterized by being minimally invasive and not very traumatic, using rotary instruments (kit SCA ­ Neobiotech, Korea), associated to the hydrodynamic technique (Aqua Lift System, IM3 ­ Neobiotech, Korea) for membrane detachment and elevation, grafting with Cerasorb (Curasan, Germany) and concomitant implant installation (SW ­ SIN, Brazil).

Applied values of hydrodynamic liposuction autologous fat transplantation in breast augmentation / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objective To explore the advantage of Body-Jet hydrodynamic liposuction system in autologous fat transplantation.Methods Through the unique hydrodynamic jet washing liposuction technology and the closed fat storage system,the fat was filtrated and purified,and then the fat was injected into the posterior space of greater pectoral muscle and breast tissue as well as subcutanous tissue of the breast with unique reverse-directed double orifice injector.During May 2015 to July 2016,27 patients were treated in our hospital and followed up for 30 to 180 days.Results All patients had good incision healing;there were no rugged skin,hematoma,seroma and other complications in the liposuction site.In 25 patients after augmentation the breast had rounded appearance and good feeling;1 patient presented liquefied fat,1 patient had poor survival of the injected fat;later 2 cases underwent second surgery.Conclusions The liposuction system can be applied in autologous adipose transplantation breast augmentation.The procedure is simple and quick.The survival rate after adipose transplantation is high with quick recovery.The shape of the breast is full and round with good feeling.

Development of a method for in vivo expansion, isolation and purification of mouse NK cells / 军事医学

Objective To stimulate the expansion of natural killer cells (NK) in vivo, to achieve high expression of Flt-3 ligand ( FL) in the mouse liver by hydrodynamic injection technology , to obtain high purity of NK for cell therapy and then to purify the spleen lymphocytes by MicroBeads sorting ( MACS ) technique.Methods C57BL/6 mice were repeatedly treated with hydrodynamic injection of FL expression plasmid .Then, surface markers of splenic NK were analyzed by flow cytometry and purified by MACS technique .Results Compared with mice treated with one hydrodynamic injection, the spleen of mice treated with two hydrodynamic injections showed significant variation, with the absolute num-ber of lymphocytes increased (6.02 ±1.15) times, the proportion of NK subsets increased (2.07 ±0.39) times, and the absolute number of NK subsets increased (12.49 ±2.39) times.Cell surface marker detection confirmed that NK activity and surface markers did not change significantly .NK with a purity of about (83.81 ±0.92)％ was obtained by the combination of two magnetic beads sorted with CD 5 ( Ly-1) MicroBeads Positive selection and EasySep TM Mouse NK Cell Isolation Kit negative selection .Conclusion NK can be expanded in the spleen of mice by hydrodynamic injection of FL plasmid without influence on the NK activity and surface markers.The combined use of CD5 (Ly-1) MicroBeads positive selection with EasySep TM Mouse NK Cell Isolation Kit negative selection can effectively remove T , B and other miscellaneous cells, thereby contributing to obtaining high-purity NK. This study provides good reference for the immunotherapy of tumor cells.

Advances in recombinant polypeptide mimetics of PEG / 中国药科大学学报

@#Peptide and protein biologics possess high specificity and high biological activity, but their poor stability and short plasma half-life have limited clinical application. One established strategy to increase half-life of therapeutic proteins is chemical conjugation of the biologic with PEG. Nevertheless, PEGylation technology has some drawbacks, so recombinant polypeptide mimetics of PEG have gradually developed in recent years. Pharmaceutically active protein can be fused with specific amino acid sequences using recombinant DNA technology, and then increase hydrodynamic volume or produce charge effect, which retards kidney filtration and eventually prolongs the half-life. This article mainly reviews kinds of polypeptides and the research progress in half-life extension of therapeutic proteins.