Study on Rapid Identification of Constituents of Tibetan Medicine Terminalia chebular Retz. by HPLC/LTQ-Orbitrap MSn / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

The aim of this work was to identify and analyze the chemical constituents of Terminalia chebular Retz by establishing high performance liquid chromatography-linear ion trap/electrostatic field orbitrap combined high resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS) technique. With the application of C18 reverse phase column (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm), gradient elution was performed with methanol and water (0.2％ acetic acid) as mobile phase.In negative ionization mode, the data of LTQ-Orbitrap was collected. Accurate molecular mass of molecular ion peaks and fragment ions provided by the high-resolution mass spectrometry were compared with the literature and the reference substance to determine the possible structure of the compound. The results indicated that 62 compounds from the extract of Terminalia chebular Retz. were identified, including acids and hydrolysable tannins (60), triterpenoids (2) . There were14 compounds were detected from this specie for the first time. It is proved as an effective method to provide reference for Chemical composition mass spectrometry and the quality control in further phytochemical studies of Terminalia chebular Retz.

Phenolic constituents of Galla Chinensis and their antiviral activities / 中国药科大学学报

@#Seven compounds in the 95% ethanol extract of Galla Chinensis were isolated by silica gel, ODS, Toyopearl HW-40(s)and RP-HPLC. Their structures were identified on the basis of spectral data and physicochemical properties as benzoic acid, 3, 4-dihydroxy-5-［(3, 4, 5-trihydroxybenzoyl)oxy］-, 5-ethoxycarbonyl-2, 3-dihydroxyphenyl ester(1), trigallic acid(2), 1, 2, 3, 4, 6-penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose(3), shikimic acid(4), gallic acid(5), methyl gallate(6)and ethyl gallate(7). Among them, compound 1 was a novel compound, and compound 2 was firstly isolated from the Galla Chinensis. The inhibition tests of the constituents showed that compound 3 exhibited in vitro antiviral activity against HSV-1 and RSV A strain, RSV Long strain with IC50 values of 13. 3, 3. 3, 3. 3 mmol/L, respectively.

Punica granatum: quantificação de polifenóis de extratos e potencial antifúngico contra Candida albicans / Punica granatum: quantification of extract of polyphenols and potential antifungal against candida albicans

As propriedades antimicrobianas da romã são atribuídas aos compostos fenólicos, mais especificamente aos taninos hidrolisáveis (THs) galotaninos (ácido gálico) e elagitaninos (ácido elágico), substâncias naturais de defesa da planta. Os objetivos deste estudo foram avaliar os níveis de ácido elágico e fenóis totais, rendimento dos métodos de extração e o potencial inibitório sobre Candida albicans de extratos de partes da Punica granatum. Amostras em triplicata de cascas, sementes e folhas desidratadas, trituradas, pulverizadas, foram submetidas a dois métodos de extração: soxhlet tendo como solventes etanol e metanol e percolação tendo como solvente o etanol. Após a obtenção dos extratos, foram determinados os teores de ácido elágico por cromatografia liquida de alta eficiência e fenóis totais expressos em ácido gálico pelo método espectrofotométrico. A atividade antifúngica dos extratos foi avaliada pelo método de difusão em disco, seguindo-se as normas do National Committee for Clinical and Laboratory Standards (NCCLS document M2-A8, 2003a.). As maiores concentrações de fenóis totais e de ácido elágico foram encontradas nas folhas e na casca da romã. Verificou-se maior eficiência de rendimento por meio da percolação. Os resultados de difusão em disco revelaram maior sensibilidade da cepa de C. albicans aos extratos etanólicos da casca por ambos os métodos de extração. O método percolação alcoólica a 70% e 25ºC e a casca da romã apresentaram a maior eficiência de extração e de atividade anti-fúngica contra uma cepa clínica de C. albicans(AU)

The antimicrobial properties of pomegranate are attributed to the phenolic compounds, more specifically the hydrolyzable tannins (THs) galotaninos (gallic acid) and elagitaninos (ellagic acid), natural plant defense substances. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the levels of ellagic acid and total phenols, yield of the extraction methods and the inhibitory potential against Candida albicans of extracts from parts of Punica granatum. Samples of dried, peels, seeds and leaves were used in triplicates and the extracts were obtained by Soxhlet system and percolation using respectively ethanol, methanol and ethanol solvents. After obtaining the extracts, the ellagic acid contents were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and total phenols expressed in gallic acid by the spectrophotometric method. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated by the disc diffusion method, following the standards of the National Committee for Clinical and Laboratory Standards (NCCLS document M2-A8, 2003a.). The highest concentrations of THs were found in leaves and pomegranate peel. Greater yield efficiency was verified by percolation. The results of diffusion on disc revealed higher sensitivity of the C. albicans strain to the ethanolic extracts of peels by both methods of extraction, presenting inhibition halos of approximately 10 mm. The alcoholic percolation method at 70% and 25ºC and the pomegranate peel showed the highest extraction efficiency and antifungal activity against a clinical strain of C. albicans(AU)

Saponins, tannins and flavonols found in hydroethanolic extract from Periandra dulcis roots

Periandra dulcis Mart. ex Benth. Fabaceae (Syn.: P. mediterranea (Vell.) Taub.) is native to the northern and middle parts of Brazil. In Brazilian ethnomedicine, their roots are used as anti inflammatory, expectorant, diuretic and laxative. An HPLC-ESI-MS/MS system was employed to provide a rapid method to make a tentative characterization of the compounds found in the hydroethanolic extract from P. dulcis roots. The structures of sixteen compounds found in this hydroethanolic extract were suggested mainly by MS data conjugated with the UVDAD spectra, reference compounds and available mass spectra data in literature. Saponin derivatives of hederagenin and soyasapogenol E, such as hederagenin-3-O-rhamnosyl glucosyl glucuronide, soyasapogenol E-3-O-rhamnosyl glucosyl glucuronide and periandrin isomers were found as the main constituents, with a minor content of flavonols quercetin and myricetin glycosides derivatives and hydrolysable tannins, such as dihexahydroxydiphenoyl galloyl glucoside and trisgalloyl hexahydroxydiphenoyl glucose.To the best of our knowledge, with exception of periandrins found in the roots, nothing has been published about the chemical composition of P. dulcis..

Seasonal variation in the phenol content of Eugenia uniflora L. leaves / Variação sazonal nos teores de fenóis de folhas de Eugenia uniflora L

Hydrolysable tannins, total phenols and flavonoids in Eugenia uniflora leaves were monthly analysed for one year. The results were correlated with climate conditions (rainfall, humidity, cloudiness and mean temperature) through chemometric methods. Principal component analysis revealed high levels of hydrolysable tannins in the rainy season, whereas flavonoids were mainly produced in the dry season. These facts suggest that climatic changes may be one of the factors affecting phenol levels in Eugenia uniflora.

Taninos hidrolisáveis, fenóis totais e flavonóides presentes em folhas de Eugenia uniflora foram quantificados mensalmente durante um ano. Os resultados foram correlacionados com as condições climáticas (pluviosidade, umidade, nebulosidade e temperatura média) através de métodos quimiométricos. Análise de componentes principais revelou a ocorrência de altos teores de taninos hidrolisáveis durante a estação de chuvas, enquanto os flavonóides foram produzidos principalmente na estação seca. Estes fatos sugerem que mudanças climáticas podem ser um dos fatores que afetam os níveis de fenóis em Eugenia uniflora.

Factors affecting accumulation of hydrolysable tannins in cultured mycelia of Inonotus obliquus / 中草药

Objective To study the factors affecting the accumulation of hydrolysable tannins in cultured mycelia of Inonotus obliquus. Methods Taking dry weight of mycelia and hydrolysable tannin content as index, different carbon and nitrogen sources, pH levels, and metal ions were evaluated for the accumulation of hydrolysable tannins in the submerged culture of I. obliquus. Results The optimal carbon and nitrogen sources were glucose and peptone. Optimal initial pH value was 5.5. The accumulation of hydrolysable tannins was greatly enhanced in the medium with the presence of Cu2+ at 0.8 mmol/L, Co2+ and Zn2+ at 1.6 mmol/L, Mn2+ at 1 mmol/L, and NH4+ at 4 mmol/L when compared to the control. Conclusion The accumulation of hydrolysable tannins is maximized in the medium containing glucose and peptone with pH value at 5.5. Supplementation of Cu2+, Co2+, Zn2+, and Mn2+ into the medium is an effective method for further increasing the accumulation of hydrolysable tannins in cultured mycelia of I. obliquus.