Résumé
Introducción: Las enfermedades no transmisibles se han erigido como las principales causas de muerte en el mundo, representando en 2019, 73,6 % del total de muertes por todas las causas. En Cuba por estas enfermedades fallecieron 81,5 % del total de fallecidos por todas las causas. La mortalidad prematura por enfermedades cardiovasculares, resultó ser 34,7 % del total de fallecidos prematuramente a nivel global. Objetivo: Describir la mortalidad por enfermedades isquémicas del corazón, cerebrovasculares e hipertensivas en Cuba, en el decenio 2011-2020. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio ecológico longitudinal descriptivo de la mortalidad anual por enfermedades isquémicas del corazón, cerebrovasculares e hipertensivas en Cuba, en el decenio 2011-2020. Se tuvieron en cuenta, las tasas de mortalidad brutas por esas dolencias. Los anuarios estadísticos publicados por la Dirección de Registros Médicos y Estadísticas de Salud, del Ministerio de Salud Pública de esos años, fueron la fuente de información. Resultados: Las tasas de mortalidad anual por las enfermedades isquémicas del corazón, cerebrovasculares e hipertensivas en Cuba mostraron globalmente tendencias al incremento en el decenio 2011-2020, más pronunciada en el caso de las enfermedades hipertensivas. Se observó un incremento en las tasas de mortalidad prematura por dichas enfermedades. Conclusiones: La hipertensión arterial constituye un severo problema de salud en Cuba, tanto como causa de muerte, como factor de riesgo atribuible para la mortalidad por enfermedades isquémicas del corazón y cerebrovasculares.
Introduction: Non-communicable diseases have emerged as the main causes of death in the world, representing in 2019, 73.6 % of all deaths from all causes. In Cuba, 81.5 % of the total deaths from all causes were caused by these diseases. Premature mortality from cardiovascular diseases turned out to be 34.7 % of the total number of premature deaths globally. Objective: To describe mortality from ischemic heart, cerebrovascular and hypertensive diseases in Cuba, in the 2011- 2020 decade. Material and Methods: A descriptive longitudinal ecological study of annual mortality from ischemic heart, cerebrovascular and hypertensive diseases in Cuba was carried out in the 2011-2020 decade. Crude mortality rates for these diseases were taken into account. The statistical yearbooks published by the Directorate of Medical Records and Health Statistics of the Ministry of Public Health for those years were the source of information. Results: The annual mortality rates from ischemic heart, cerebrovascular and hypertensive diseases in Cuba showed overall increasing trends in the 2011- 2020 decade, more pronounced in the case of hypertensive diseases. An increase in premature mortality rates from these diseases was observed. Conclusions: Arterial hypertension constitutes a severe health problem in Cuba, both as a cause of death and as a risk factor attributable to mortality from ischemic heart and cerebrovascular diseases.
Résumé
Objective To elucidate the clinical value of dynamic blood pressure monitor in the diagnosis and treatment of hypertensive heart diseases. Methods Twelve misdiagnosed patients with congestive heart failure were enrolled, including 7 male and 5 female, aging 67 to 78 years old. The hospitalization time, frequency and the therapeutic efficiency were compared before and after the diagnosis with the aid of dynamic blood pressure monitor. Results With the aid of dynamic blood pressure monitor, the patients with congestive heart failure were easily diagnosed. Following the proper control of high blood pressure, the heart failure improved swiftly. The hospitalization time was shorter and the hospitalization frequency was reduced as compared with that before proper diagnosis. Conclusion Dynamic blood pressure monitor is conducive to the diagnosis and treatment of congestive heart failure.
Résumé
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to analyze the present conditions of hypertensive diseases in pregnancy so as to examine the differences between the urban and rural communities in the southwest region of Chonnam about prenatal care from 1996 to 2000. METHODS: We analyzed the clinical characteristics of only 251 out of 13,296 pregnant women who were hospitalized to be delivered in Department of obstetrics and gynecology in the Mokpo Catholic Hospital for the past five years from 1996 to 2000. RESULTS: The incidence of hypertensive diseases in pregnancy was 1.89% of the total deliveries: mild preeclampsia (55.4%), severe preeclampsia (38.2%), eclampsia (1.2%) and chronic hypertension (5.2%). Hypertensive diseases in pregnancy was common in the age group of 25-29 years (45.9%) and in gestational age of 37-40 weeks was 67.3%. The rate of vaginal delivery was 49.0%: spontaneous delivery (33.5%), induced labor (15.5%) but the rate of cesarean section was 51%. As a maternal complications, anemia (55.7%) and postpartum hemorrhage (11.4%) were developed and fetus and neonatal complication due to intrauterine growth restriction showed a considerably high rate of 12.2%. Seen from the interrelation between a residential district and the frequency of prenatal care, 40.6% of pregnant women were undergone an prenatal care at most one time, especially 53.4% of reside in rural area (p.05). CONCLUSION: Not only a study of the cause and early diagnosis of hypertensive diseases in pregnancy, but also prenatal care, early checkup and education with keeping in close contact with an executive agency will lead to decrease newborn infant mortality and hypertensive diseases in pregnancy.