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Objective: To evaluate the clinical results of intermaxillary fixation screws used in the management of oral and maxillofacial bone fracture. Methods: The clinical and imaging data of 166 cases of oral and maxillofacial bone fractures treated by intermaxillary fixation screws were analyzed retrospectively with the implant location,numbers and the complications of the treatment. Results: 668 intermaxillary fixation screws were used in the 166 cases,at an average of 4 screws per case. The occlusal relationship of the patients was perfect after 1 week traction. Radiographs showed 105 screws (15. 7％) reached the superficial layer of dentin,middle or deep layer in 14 cases (2. 1％),and root canal injury in 2 cases(1. 2％). No intermaxillary fixation screw was broken,loosened or fallen off. Conclusion: Intermaxillary fixation screws can be effectively used in the management of oral and maxillofacial bone fracture. For the most cases,4-6 screws can meet the needs. Root injuries and other complications should be avoided.
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Objective To propose a method for analyzing the hip joint signals during human walking based on Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT) method and verify its feasibility. Methods First, the hip joint angles of one healthy subject were measured by using the hip joint measuring platform composed of acceleration sensors and gyroscopes. Second, all intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) at different scales, which could be further analyzed and combined, were obtained by applying the ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) to original signals. Finally, the Hilbert spectrum of original signals were plotted and analyzed. Results The signals representing different motion modes as well as gait characteristics indicated by rotating track of the hip joint were obtained. The Hilbert spectrum could show the intra-wave frequency modulation in the main motion mode and the characteristics of walking frequencies. Conclusions This method can be used in rehabilitation and treatment of patients with gait diseases. By using this method, the characteristic signals of the hip joints at different frequency scales can be effectively decomposed, and the post-processing signals can be filtered and centrally corrected, so as to adaptively analyze gait signals of the patients.
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Why have patterns of healthcare spending varied during the Great Recession? Using cross-national, harmonized data for 27 EU countries from 1995 to 2011, we evaluated political, economic, and health system deter-minants of recent changes to healthcare expenditure. Data from Euro Stat, the IMF, and World Bank (2013 editions) were evaluated using multivariate random-and fixed-effects models, correcting for pre-existing time-trends. Reductions in government health expenditure were not significantly associated with magnitude of economic recessions. Nor did ideology of governing parties have an effect. In contrast, each $100 reduction in tax revenue was associated with a$2. 72 drop in health spending. IMF borrowers were significantly more likely to reduce healthcare budgets than non-IMF borrowers, even after correcting for potential confounding by indication. Exposure to lending from international financial institutions, tax revenue falls, and decisions to implement cuts correlate more closely than underlying eco-nomic conditions or orientation of political parties with healthcare expenditure change in EU member states.
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Sujets)
Humains , Anesthésie locale , Fractures mandibulaires , Maxillaire , Hygiène buccodentaire , Réadaptation , DentRésumé
This study was performed to investigate the effects of Immunomodulating factor (IMF), derived from Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, on various immune cells in the mouse spleen. A single dose of IMF (10 microgram/kg) was administer-ed to BALB/c mice by intraperitoneal injection. After the mice were sacrificed in groups of five at 6 h and 24 h, the spleens were removed. The immunocytochemical characterization of the immune cells was carried out using the various monoclonal antibodies in cryostat-cut sections. We demonstrated in this study a strong stimulating effect of IMF on dendritic cells and B lymphocytes in the mouse spleen after IMF administration. The MOMA-1(+) immunoreactivity on the marginal metallophilic macrophages in the splenic marginal zone disappeared 6 h and reappeared 24 h after IMF treatment. However, various subpopulations of T lymphocytes, CD3(+), CD4(+), CD8(+), TCRalpha, beta(+) and Vbeta8(+) T cells in the mouse spleen did not show any significant change in their distributional pattern after IMF treatment. Dendritic cells were found to be increased in number in the periarterial lymphatitc sheath, and B lymphocytes were also increased in number in the lymphoid follicles of the spleen after IMF injection. In conclusion, IMF exhibited a potent stimulative effect on dendritic cells and B lymphocytes in vivo.