Transcriptome sequencing analysis of gene expression of flavonoid biosynthesis in Ginkgo biloba / 中草药

Objective The transcriptome sequencing was used to analyze the expression of key genes of flavonoid biosynthesis in different stages of growth and development of Ginkgo biloba. Methods The leaves of young trees and adult trees of G. biloba in different periods were used as the test material. Transcriptome sequencing analysis was carried out by using Illumina HiSeq 2000, and analyses of gene functional annotation of Unigene and expression characteristics of key genes for biosynthesis of G. biloba flavonoids were also performed. Results A total of 43 073 Unigene were obtained by transcriptome sequencing, of which 35 179 were annotated and 5 117 genes were screened by differential gene expression. Fifty candidate genes were screened by analyzing KEGG pathway related to flavonoid synthesis. The expression patterns of 50 candidate genes were analyzed. It was found that the key genes of flavonoid synthesis were all highly expressed in young leaves of G. biloba, but there was no significant difference in the leaves between adult and young trees at same time. The 13 genes closely related to the synthesis of flavonoids were analyzed. Among them, the expression of C4H, CHS, ANS, ANR, and FOMT genes was high, and the expression of F3’H, F3’5’H, and FLS genes was relatively low. Conclusion Through transcriptome sequencing, we screened and analyzed the key genes of flavonoid biosynthesis of G. biloba and their expression characteristics, which provided the theoretical basis of molecular pharmacology for improving the yield of ginkgo flavonoids.

Study on transcriptome characteristic of Angelica Sinensis Radix by Illumina HiSeq 2000 sequencing / 中草药

Objective: To explore the hereditary basis of secondary metabolic biosynthesis in Angelica Sinensis Radix (the roots of Angelica Sinensis) and identify the gene sequence of active substance in Angelica Sinensis Radix. Methods: The samples of Angelica Sinensis Radix were collected in Min County of Gansu Province and were identified by relevant experts. Total RNA was extracted from the heads and tails of Angelica sinensis. Sequencing library was constructed and qualified. Then, Double-ended sequencing was accomplished in Illumina HiSeq 2000 device. Transcriptome characteristic of Angelica Sinensis Radix was analyzed by relevant bioinformatics. Results: We obtained 66 431 540 primitive sequences of Angelica Sinensis Radix by Illumina HiSeq 2000 high-flux sequencing and annotated 30 432 unigenes by bioinformatics. The important economic crop distributed in Angelica Sinensis Radix sequences are Vitis vinifera, Ricinus communis, Populus trichocarpa, Glycine max, Medicago truncatula, Arabidopsis thaliana, and Nicotiana tabacum through comparing with 939 species sequences in Uniprot protein library. It was suggested that 127, 69, 70, and 94 unigenes expressed in Angelica Sinensis Radix were respectively mapped to the pathway of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, N-glycan biosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis, and folate biosynthesis. These unigenes are related to the biosynthesis of important active substances, for example ferulic acid, polysaccharide, flavonoid, and folic acid in Angelica Sinensis Radix. Conclusion: Unigenes explored in the present paper are involved in the biosynthesis of major pharmaceutical substances, suggesting the genetic basis of Angelica Sinensis Radix.