Association of Rhizophora mangle and ascorbic acid in hydrogels: Evaluation of cytotoxic and immunomodulatory effects

Abstract Polyphenolics from Rhizophora mangle (R. mangle) have shown wound healing and anti- inflammatory effects that may be potentiated by being associated with ascorbic acid, an important substance for collagen and elastin synthesis that plays a role in tissue repair. In our study, we aimed to formulate an association of R. mangle and ascorbic acid in hydrogels and evaluate the association's cytotoxic and immunomodulatory effects. In a pre-formulation study, three gelling polymers (i.e.xanthan gum, poloxamer and hydroxyethyl cellulose) were tested. The selected polymer (i.e. xanthan gum) was used to evaluate cytotoxic and immunomodulatory effects using flow cytometry. Xanthan gum (1.5%) had a homogeneous appearance, an orange colour, a smooth surface, intense brightness and the typical odour, as well as non-Newtonian pseudoplastic behaviour. With a pH of 5.0-5.3 and a non-cytotoxic profile, xanthan gum induced the proliferation and activation of CD4 +, CD8+ and NK T lymphocytes and the production of IL- 2, IL-4, IL-10, IL-17 and TNF-α cytokines in stimulated splenocytes. The results suggest that the association of R. mangle and ascorbic acid in 1.5% xanthan gum hydrogel may be promising in preparations for wound-healing processes.

Efeitos do uso de fórmulas imunomoduladoras em pacientes cirúrgicos portadores de câncer do trato gastrointestinal / Effects of the use of immune-modulating formulas in surgical patients with gastrointestinal tract cancer

O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar os efeitos do uso de fórmulas imunomoduladoras sobre os desfechos clínicos e as taxas de complicações perioperatórias e hospitalares em pacientes cirúrgicos com câncer do trato gastrointestinal. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa em que foram utilizados os descritores "enteral nutrition","surgery", "gastrointestinal neoplasms", "arginine", "omega 3 fatty acids" e "glutamine" combinados aos operadores booleanos "and" e "or" em bases de dados indexadas. Foram encontrados 460 artigos, sendo utilizados 19 (4,1%) após a aplicação de critérios de seleção. Os estudos analisados ressaltam a importância do uso das fórmulas imunomoduladoras para pacientes cirúrgicos e oncológicos, em períodos específicos, devido aos seus efeitos benéficos sobre o estado nutricional e sistema imunitário dos pacientes.

We aimed to investigate the effects of immunomodulatory formulas usage in surgical patients with gastrointestinal cancer. It is a integrative review in which the following descriptors were used: "enteral nutrition", "surgery", "gastrointestinal neoplasms", "arginine", "fatty acids, ômega-3", "glutamine", those were combined with Boolean operators "and" and "or" in indexed databases. Furthermore, 460 journals were found using these combinations, from those, 19 articles were selected. These articles emphasize the importance of immunomodulatory formula usage in surgical and oncological patients at specific periods due to its beneficial effects on the patients nutritional status and immune.

Male factors and countermeasures for recurrent spontaneous abortion / 中华男科学杂志

Recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) has a very complicated pathogenesis and male factors for this condition should not to be ignored, which are mainly related to genetics, immunology, infection, sperm quality, and others. In case of RSA, an etiological screening ought to be performed for the husband, which involves general, genetic and immunological examinations and infection detection. According to specific etiological factors, such measures as genetic consultation, immunotherapy, and traditional Chinese medication can be taken, which may contribute to the outcome of pregnancy.

Study on Immunological Components and Their Contents in Subcutaneous Exudate Induced by Cutaneous Scraping Method / 广州中医药大学学报

Objective To investigate the changes of the immunological factors in subcutaneous exudate and blood components of the rats receiving cutaneous scraping method,and to compare the changes of skin histopathological features before and after cutaneous scraping under microscope.Methods SD rats were randomly divided into two groups,cutaneous-scraping group and non-cutaneous-scraping group.And then each group was divided into three subgroups.The observation indexes included the levels of interleukin (IL)-1β,IL-6 and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) in the blood and the skin,routine blood examination,and skin histopathological features.Results In cutaneous-scraping group,the number of white blood cells in the blood and the levels of IL-1 β and IFN-γ in skin tissues were increased (P ＜ 0.05),the hemolysis rate was increased (P ＜ 0.05).However,the levels of IL-1β,IL-6 and IFN-γin the blood showed no obvious changes.Under the microscope,severe skin edema,vascular congestion and dilatation,and infiltration of inflammatory cells were found in the skin after cutaneous scraping.Conclusion The cutaneous scraping method can activate the immune response rapidly,and the immunological components of the subcutaneous exudate after cutaneous scraping are helpful to the disease treatment.

Infecciones respiratorias en niños con síndrome de Down / Respiratory infections in children with Down syndrome

Down syndrome (DS) is the most common chromosomal abnormality among live-born infants. Respiratory tract infections are the most important cause of mortality in individuals with DS at all ages. In recent decades several studies have been performed to elucidate abnormalities of the immune system in DS. Non-immunological factors, including abnormal anatomical structures, congenital heart disease and gastro esophageal reflux, may play a role in the increased frequency of respiratory tract infections. Addressing immunological and non-immunological factors involved in the pathogenesis of infectious diseases may reduce the susceptibility to infections in DS children.

Síndrome de Down (SD) es la anormalidad cromosómica más común entre los recién nacidos vivos. Las infecciones respiratorias son la causa más importante de mortalidad en individuos con SD en todas las edades. En las últimas décadas se han realizado varios estudios para aclarar las anormalidades del sistema inmune en SD. Factores no-inmunológicos, incluyendo estructuras anatómicas anormales, enfermedad cardíaca congénita y reflujo gastroesofágico, pueden desempeñar un papel en el aumento de la frecuencia de infecciones del tracto respiratorio. Abordar los factores inmunológicos y no inmunológicos implicados en la patogenia de las enfermedades infecciosas puede reducir la susceptibilidad a las infecciones en los niños SD.