Résumé
En los últimos años, se ha incrementado a nivel mundial la preocupación por los procesos que comprenden la realización de incineración y pirólisis, por su generación al medio de contaminantes globales como son las dioxinas y el mercurio, de los que se desconocen los daños que pueden provocar las combinaciones de estos químicos. Esto ha conducido el cierre de numerosos incineradores. Se hizo un análisis de la localización del incinerador (crematorio) que se encuentra en un área dentro del hospital, entidad ubicada al Este de la ciudad de Morón, para ello se aplicó la identificación de las presiones, estados, impactos y respuestas ó Matriz EPIR. Se llega a la conclusión de que el crematorio del hospital de Morón desde su puesta en funcionamiento ha ocasionado innumerables problemas al medio ambiente y a la salud de la población circundante por su incorrecta ubicación y proyecto constructivo, al no cumplir las normas de bioseguridad vigentes, se propone reubicar el incinerador (crematorio), en un área fuera del perímetro urbano, acorde con la dirección predominante de los vientos alisios y nortes.
In recent years, it has increased a worldwide concern by processes comprising the incineration and pyrolysis, by its generation to the environment of polluting global such as dioxins and mercury; that damage that can lead the combinations of these chemicals are unknown. This has led to the closure of many incinerators. A location analysis of the incinerator (crematorium) was carried out which is located in an area within the hospital, entity located to the east of Moron city, for this it was applied the womb of pressure, state, impact, answer (PEIR). It reach to the conclusion that crematorium of Morón hospital since its functioning has caused numerous problems to the environment and to the population health by its incorrectly location and construction project, at not meet existing biosecurity standards. It is proposed to relocate the incinerator (crematorium), in an area outside the urban perimeter, in line with the predominant direction of the alisius and Northern winds.
Sujets)
Humains , Pollution de l'environnement , Incinérateurs HospitaliersRésumé
Objetivo: examinar se as emissões do incinerador de resíduos sólidos Vergueiro estavam associadas a um risco aumentado de câncer entre a população residente em seu entorno. Método: a área de influência deste incinerador foi delimitada por um raio de 7 km a partir de seu centróide georeferenciado. Os óbitos de indivíduos residentes em distritos administrativos contidos nessa área, no período de 1998 a 2002, por câncer de pulmão, fígado, laringe e linfoma não-Hodgkin em adultos, e por leucemia e todos cânceres combinados em crianças, foram selecionados e geocodificados. A área estudada foi dividida em 7 (sete) anéis concêntricos delimitados por raios de 1 a 7 km a partir do incinerador. A análise da associação entre proximidade residencial ao incinerador e mortalidade por câncer foi baseada na comparação entre número de casos observados e esperados, utilizando-se o teste de Stone para examinar o declínio do risco (razão O/E) com a distância do incinerador. Resultados: a área estudada incluiu 1.599.532 habitantes, sendo 92.894 crianças < 5 anos e 634.993 adultos > 40 anos. Não se observou um gradiente espacial nas razões de mortalidade conforme aumenta a distância do incinerador para nenhuma das causas e morte examinadas. Conclusão: embora não tenha sido detectado aumento no risco dos cânceres previamente selecionados, é importante monitorar as emissões de incineradores ainda em funcionamento e seus possíveis efeitos na saúde. O estudo da distribuição da morbimortalidade em áreas circunvizinhas a essas instalações pode vir a ser uma opção metodológica para atividades de vigilância.
Objectives: to examine if emissions from the Vergueiro solid waste incinerator are associated with an increased risk of cancer in the population in its vicinity. Methods: the area under influence of this incinerator was delimited by a 7 km radius from its geocoded centroid. Deaths of city residents in administrative districts inside this area due to cancer of lung, liver, larynx, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in adults, leukemia, and all sites combined in children, in the 1998 to 2002 period, were selected and geocoded. The studied area was divided into 7 concentric rings delimited by a radius of 1 to 7 km from the incinerator. The analysis of the relationship between residential proximity to the incinerator and mortality due to cancer was based on the comparison of observed and expected cases, using the Stone test for decline in risk with distance from the incinerator. Results: the area studied comprised 1,599,532 inhabitants, of which 92,894 were children less than 5 years old and 634,993 were adults over 40 years old. No spatial gradient in risk was observed for any outcome in relation to distance from the incinerator. Conclusion: although no excess risk for the selected cancers were observed, emissions of incinerators still operating and their possible health effects should be monitored. The study of the spatial distribution of health events in areas around point sources of air pollution can become a methodological option for surveillance activities.
Sujets)
Humains , Exposition environnementale/effets indésirables , Incinération , Tumeurs/mortalité , Brésil , Analyse de regroupements , Tumeurs/étiologie , Appréciation des risquesRésumé
OBJECTIVES: In this study, the exposure status of the hazardous substances from incinerators, such as polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), were studied, and the relationship between the exposure of these hazardous substances and their heath effects on the workers and residents near municipal solid waste (MSW) incinerators and an industrial incinerator investigated. METHODS: Between July 2001 and June 2002, 13 workers at two MSW incinerators, 16 residents from the area around the two MSW incinerators, 6 residents from the control area, and further 10 residents near an industrial incinerator, estimated to emit higher levels of hazardous substances, were interviewed. Information, including sociodemographic information, personal habits, and work history, detailed gynecologic and other medical history were collected through interviews. Blood samples were also collected from 45 subjects, and analyzed for PCDD/DFs, by high resolution gas chromatography - high resolution mass spectrometry, using the US EPA 1613 method. In addition to the questionnaire survey, urinary concentrations of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured as oxidative injury biomarkers. The urinary concentrations of 8-OH-dG were determined by in vitro ELISA, and the MDA by HPLC, using an adduct with thiobarbituric acid. RESULTS: The PCDD/DFs concentrations in the residents near the industrial incinerator were higher than those in the controls, workers and residents near the MSW incinerators. The average TEQ (Toxic Equivalencies) concentrations of the PCDD/DFs in residents near the industrial incinerator were 53.4pg I-TEQs/g lipid. The estimated daily intakes were within the tolerable daily intake range (1-4 pg I-TEQ/Kg bw/day) suggested by WHO (1997) in only 30% to the people near the industrial incinerator. Animal studies have already shown that even a low body burden of PCDD/DFs, such as 10ng TEQ/kg bw, can cause oxidative damage in laboratory animals. Our study also showed that the same body burden of PCDD/DFs can cause oxidative damage to humans. CONCLUSIONS: The exposures to PCDD/DFs and the oxidative stress of residents near the industrial incinerator, were higher than those in the controls, workers and residents near the MSW incinerators. Proper protection strategies against these hazardous chemicals are needed. Because a lower body burden of PCDD/Fs, such as 10ng TEQ/kg bw, can cause oxidative damage, the tolerable daily intake range should be restrictedly limited to 1pg I-TEQ/kg bw/day.