RÉSUMÉ
A study for 17 agronomic traits was conducted to evaluate correlation and path analysis in Brassica juncea L. Czern and Coss. Ten lines with diverse genetic makeup and their crosses which were performed in half diallel fashion were grown in Randomized Block Design in three replications during rabi season (2021-22). At phenotypic and genotypic level, seed yield per plant exhibited significant positive correlation and positive direct effect on seed yield via plant height, total siliqua per plant and biological yield per plant in both F1 and F2 generations, while number of primary branches, seeds per siliqua and oil content showed negative direct correlation with seeds yield per plant at genotypic and phenotypic level in both F1 and F2 generations. The results of the study concluded that plant height, total siliqua per plant and biological yield per plant exerted high correlation and direct effect on seed yield per plant generations. Hence, these characters might be considered for selection and in improvement of seed yield of mustard genotypes.
RÉSUMÉ
Present study was undertaken to estimate the magnitude of genotype × environment interaction (GEI) and to identify stability of improved and high-yielding varieties of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czerns & coss.). The 57 Indian mustard genotypes were evaluated in RBD along with three replications during Rabi crop seasons in three environments. Analysis of variance on 14 traits was carried out individually as well as pooled over environments. Yield stability was analysed employing Eberhart and Russell’s model [1] which revealed highly significant differences among genotypes and environments. Mean squares due to environment + genotype x environment interactions (E + G x E) indicated that genotypes interacted considerably with environmental conditions. Further, partitioning of E+G x E effects indicated that E (linear), G x E (linear) components were highly significant for grain yield. Genotypes RH-749, DRMR 1165-40 X RH-406, DRMR IJ-31 X RH-749 had high mean than general mean coupled with regression coefficient close to unity bi = 1 and S2di = 0 and are identified as most stable and desirable Indian mustard genotypes.
RÉSUMÉ
A field experiment was conducted at College Farm, Agricultural College, Polasa, Jagtial, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University. The study was aimed at identifying the effect of integrated nutrient management on nutrient availability in soil. The field experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with nine treatments replicated thrice. The treatments includes T1: 100% Recommended dose of Fertilizer (RDF), T2: 100% RDF + FYM (Farm Yard Manure), T3: 100% RDF + FYM + Biofertilizer consortium, T4: 75% RDF, T5: 75% RDF + FYM, T6: 75% RDF + FYM + Biofertilizer consortium, T7: Soil Test Based (STB) NPK, T8: 75% STB NPK + FYM and T9: 75% STB NPK + FYM + Biofertilizer consortium. The results of the experiment revealed that integrated nutrient management significantly influenced the availability of various nutrients at different stages of the crop. Significantly higher nitrogen and its inorganic fractions, phosphorous, potassium and sulphur availability was recorded with the integrated application of 75% STB + FYM + Biofertilizer consortium which was comparable with an application of Soil Test Based NPK, 100 % RDF + FYM + Biofertilizer consortium, and 75% STB NPK + FYM. The lower available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulphur, ammonical and nitrate nitrogen were recorded under the treatment of 75 % RDF.
RÉSUMÉ
The work entitled “Progression of powdery mildew of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) in relation to weather parameters” was carried out in Agriculture Research Farm, Banda University of Agriculture & Technology, Banda, Uttar Pradesh, India during Rabi 2020-21 season. As infection and development of a disease depends on the favourable environmental conditions hence, relationship between powdery mildew of Indian mustard and weather factors was evaluated in Ganga, Varuna, Giriraj and RH-0749 varieties of Indian mustard in which maximum temperature between 25-30°C, minimum temperature >10°C with minimum relative humidity (RH) <50% favoured the development of powdery mildew in all the four varieties Indian mustard varieties. Individual and combined effects of different weather parameters on development of powdery mildew was evaluated using correlation and regression analysis. Percent disease index (PDI) of powdery mildew was positively correlated with the maximum and minimum temperature whereas, it was negatively correlated with maximum RH, minimum RH and rainfall in Indian mustard varieties Ganga, Varuna, Giriraj and RH-0749. Coefficient of determination (R2) explained that 96, 96, 95 and 96 % powdery mildew development was influenced by the maximum temperature, minimum temperature, maximum relative humidity, minimum relative humidity and rainfall in Indian mustard varieties Ganga, Varuna, Giriraj and RH-0749, respectively. Multiple linear regression equation was developed to find out the expected PDI of the disease based on the predictor weather variables. Correlation analysis explained that warmer temperature and lesser humidity favoured the development of powdery mildew in Indian mustard. Multiple linear regression model developed in current investigation may be utilized for development of powdery mildew prediction model in Indian mustard.
RÉSUMÉ
The current experiment was carried out at the Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS) Polasa, Jagtial during rabi 2020-21, with the goals of (1) assessing the resistance of Indian mustard germplasm lines to powdery mildew disease and (2) analysing the yield and its contributing traits, days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height in centimetres, primary branch number, secondary branch number, siliqua number and siliqua length in centimetres. The results of the analysis of variance showed that there were statistically significant differences between the genotypes and their characteristics. The genotypes viz., DRMR-150-35, Black gold, and RH-9304 performed best on average out of 50 different varieties for twelve different characteristics, including high seed yield per plant, high 1000-seed weight and high harvest index.Two resistant genotypes (GM-3 and Swarna Jyothi) and nine genotypes (Pusa mahak, PM-25, PM-26, PDZM-31, Pusa tarak, Pusa bahar, Ashirwad, DRMR-601, and JM-2) demonstrated considerable resistance reaction to the powdery mildew disease after being screened against the illness. We can solve the disease effect problem by utilizing these germplasm lines as donors in future breeding programme to develop powdery mildew resistant lines.
RÉSUMÉ
The study was conducted at the Central Research Field of Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad during 2016-17 and 2017-18. The experiments consisting of two factors viz., 5 varieties and 10 fertiliser treatments was laid out in a factorial randomized block design with replicated thrice. The results of the study revealed that the oil yield was significantly highest with Rani variety while the oil content did not vary significantly amongst different varieties. The fatty acid composition such as palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic & linolenic acid, and arachidic acid contents showed non-significant variations amongst varieties. The biochemical characters viz., total chlorophyll, total soluble sugars and proline content was recorded at 45, and 60 DAS were significantly higher in Rani variety. Both protein content and protein yields were also significantly highest in Rani variety. Application of 75% N through vermicompost produced significantly highest oil content and oil yield, protein content and protein yield, biochemical characters total chlorophyll, total soluble sugars and proline content recorded at 45 and 60 DAS, while palmitic acid, stearic acid and oleic acid were significantly highest with application of recommended dose of chemical fertilisers. Linoleic acid was significantly maximum with fertiliser treatment of 50% N through vermicompost + Azotobacter + Both linolenic and arachidic acid contents remained unaffected by the fertiliser treatments.
RÉSUMÉ
Centromeres are epigenetically specified by the centromeric histone H3 protein (CENH3). The timing and level of expression of CENH3 is tightly regulated to match the demands of the host cell. So far in plants, only CENH3 promoter of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. has been characterized. However, whether CENH3 promoters retain their characteristic mode of regulation in other species remains to be established. In the present study, activity of AtCENH3 promoter was investigated using reporter gene assay in Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. A 1156 bp promoter fragment of AtCENH3 gene (At1g01370) including the first 111 nucleotides of the coding sequence was amplified and cloned into the pORE-R2 binary vector to ensure translation fusion with the uidA coding sequences. The Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain GV3101 harbouring the recombinant construct was used to transform B. juncea cv. RLM198 hypocotyl explants. Histochemical assay of T0 and T1 transgenics showed GUS expression in shoot apical meristem, leaf, sepal, flower pedicel and root tip. Intense GUS expression was observed in meristematic tissues, particularly at shoot and root apices. However, mature leaves, flowers, pollen and ovules exhibited very low or no GUS expression. Our results showed that AtCENH3 promoter regulates cognate gene expression in Brassica juncea as it does in A. thaliana, and hence a suitable candidate for developing haploid inducer line in B. juncea.
RÉSUMÉ
Imaging of trace metal distribution in the cadmium ( Cd) hyperaccumulator Indian mustard by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry ( LA-ICP-MS ) was typically performed using spatial resolutions of 25 μm. Indian Mustard was submitted to 50 mol/L Cd for 14 days exposure and analysed using Nd:YAG laser (213 nm) . Intensities of 13 C, 34 S, 39 K, 44 Ca, 66 Zn, 111 Cd, 65 Cu and 31 P were measured by ICP-MS to study elemental distribution. Preferential Cd accumulation in vascular bundles was observed in stem tissue, whereas Cd was mainly localized to the mesophyll and vascular cells. The high relationship between Ca and Cd distribution indicated that the two elements had a very similar pathway. In vivo analytical method developed in this work was useful to study spatial element distribution across stem samples and had great potential for applications in other areas of plant pathology research.
RÉSUMÉ
Contamination of soil and water by chromium (Cr) is increasing enormously due to anthropogenic activities. The potential of plants to accumulate or stabilize Cr compounds for the purpose of remediation of Cr contamination has been recognized in recent years. We conducted pot experiments to study photosynthesis and associated attributes in cv Pusa Jai Kisan of Indian mustard under natural as well as Cr-loaded environmental conditions. High doses of Cr caused toxic effects in plants, as evident by a reduction in photosynthetic rate (24.3 to 8.7 Cmol CO2 m-2 s-1 at 80 DAS), nitrate reductase activity (3.76 to 1.30 Cmol nitrite g-1 f. wt. h-1 at 80 DAS) and the contents of chlorophyll (1.49 to 0.86 mg g-1 f. wt. at 80 DAS) and soluble protein (2.96 to 1.93 mg g-1 f. wt. at 80 DAS). Since plants lack a specific Cr-transport system, mineral nutrient contents also changed due to Cr toxicity. Cr accumulation in different plant parts was affected by both duration and dose of Cr treatments, with a maximal localization of Cr in roots (up to 0.77 mg g-1 d. wt) at initial stages (40 DAS) and in stem (up to 4.19 mg g-1 d. wt) at the later stage (80 DAS) of plant growth. Thus, Indian mustard was able to withstand Cr stress and protect itself from Cr toxicity by altering various metabolic processes. Owing to its ability to accumulate large amounts of Cr, it may be useful in the process of land reclamation.