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Anemia is frequent in preterm infants. Red blood cell transfusion practices vary between different centers. The objective of this study was to review red blood cell transfusion practices in preterm infants between 2020 and 2021. This was a narrative review that included studies published on PubMed (Medline) and Web of Science between October 2020 and October 2021. Ten studies were included finally. Red blood cell transfusion frequency was variable. Some neonatal units did not report transfusion protocols. Most studies reported volumes of 10-15 ml/kg per transfusion. The implementation of an anemia care bundle and adoption of restrictive transfusion resulted in a reduction in the number of transfusions, the volume transfused, and a reduction in the rate of multiple transfusions. We suggest that neonatal units that care for preterm infants should have a transfusion protocol based on the best evidence available and this issue may improve.
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RESUMEN La acondroplasia severa con retraso del desarrollo y acantosis nigricans (SADDAN) es una rara y letal displasia esquelética. Presentamos el primer caso detectado en Perú, en un infante de 13 meses con características fenotípicas de macrocefalia relativa, tórax estrecho, extremidades micromélicas y piel en acordeón; asimismo, un marcado retraso del desarrollo psicomotor en todos los hitos (prueba peruana) y acantosis nigricans. El paciente tuvo mala evolución clínica caracterizada por crisis convulsivas recurrentes, dificultad respiratoria progresiva, y falleció por insuficiencia respiratoria concomitante a neumonía. Esta entidad requiere del acceso a exámenes específicos como el panel de displasias esqueléticas, la cual no es parte de la oferta en la mayoría de los hospitales del Perú. Se requiere una mayor atención las enfermedades raras, a fin de proveer diagnósticos e información oportuna a los involucrados.
ABSTRACT Severe achondroplasia with developmental delay and acanthosis nigricans (SADDAN) is a rare and lethal skeletal dysplasia. We present the first case detected in Peru, in a 13-month-old infant with phenotypic characteristics of relative macrocephaly, narrow thorax, micromelic extremities and accordion skin; likewise, a marked delay in psychomotor development in all milestones (Peruvian test), and acanthosis nigricans. The patient had a poor clinical evolution characterized by recurrent seizures, progressive respiratory difficulty, dying from respiratory failure concomitant to pneumonia. This entity requires access to specific exams such as the skeletal dysplasia panel, which is not part of the offering in most hospitals in Peru. Greater attention is required for rare diseases, to provide timely diagnoses and information to those involved.
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Background and Objectives: investigating the relationship between breast milk use infection control in premature newborns may provide a basis for continuing exclusive breastfeeding, reducing the rates of early introduction of formula and strengthening their immune system. In view of this, the objective was to analyze the relationship between breastfeeding and infection control in premature newborns. Content: an integrative review, which included original articles, available electronically and with a temporal cut of the last five years. Searches were carried out in August 2022 in the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, Scopus, Web of Science and Science Direct databases, using the descriptors Breastfeeding, Milk Human, Infection Control, Infection Control and Premature Newborn, concatenated with the search operators "AND" and "OR". The Rayyan digital tool was used to organize the study selection stages. A total of 490 studies were identified in the search, of which seven were selected. All studies were published in English between 2018 and 2022. Regarding design, three were case-control studies, one was a cohort, one was cross-sectional, and two were clinical trials. Regarding the level of evidence, studies classified as level IV predominated. Conclusion: human breast milk has the power to reduce the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis and cytomegalovirus, reduce the worsening of inflammatory states and late-onset sepsis, prevent diseases, encourage the physical and cognitive development of premature newborns.(AU)
Justificativa e Objetivos: a investigação da relação do uso de leite materno com o controle de infecções em recém-nascidos prematuros poderá fornecer embasamento para continuidade do aleitamento materno exclusivo, diminuindo os índices de introdução precoce de fórmula e propiciando o fortalecimento de seu sistema imunológico. Diante disso, objetivou-se analisar a relação do aleitamento materno com o controle de infecções em recém-nascidos prematuros. Conteúdo: revisão integrativa, que incluiu artigos originais, disponíveis eletronicamente e com recorte temporal dos últimos cinco anos (2018 a 2022). Foram realizadas buscas no mês de agosto de 2022 nas bases de dados Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, Scopus, Web of Science e Science Direct, sendo utilizado os descritores Aleitamento Materno, Leite Humano, Controle de Infecções, Controle de Infecção e Recém-Nascido Prematuro, concatenados com os operadores de pesquisa "AND" e "OR". Foi utilizada a ferramenta digital Rayyan para a organização das etapas de seleção dos estudos. Foram identificados 490 estudos na busca, dos quais sete foram selecionados. Todos os estudos foram publicados em inglês entre 2018 e 2022. Quanto ao delineamento, três eram estudos de caso controle, um era coorte, um era transversal e dois eram ensaios clínicos. Em relação ao nível de evidência, predominaram os estudos classificados em nível IV. Conclusão: o leite humano materno tem o poder de diminuir a incidência de enterocolite necrosante e citomegalovírus, reduzir o agravamento de estados inflamatórios e de sepse tardia, prevenir doenças, estimular o desenvolvimento físico e cognitivo do recém-nascido prematuro.(AU)
Justificación y Objetivos: investigar la relación entre el uso de la leche materna y el control de infecciones en los recién nacidos prematuros puede brindar una base para continuar con la lactancia materna exclusiva, reducir las tasas de introducción temprana de fórmula y fortalecer su sistema inmunológico. Ante ello, el objetivo fue analizar la relación entre la lactancia materna y el control de infecciones en recién nacidos prematuros. Contenido: revisión integradora, que incluyó artículos originales, disponibles electrónicamente y con un corte temporal de los últimos cinco años. Las búsquedas se realizaron en agosto de 2022 en las bases de datos Medical Literature Analysis and Retrievel System Online, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, Web of Science y Science Direct, utilizando los descriptores Lactancia Materna, Leche Humana, Control de Infecciones, Control de Infecciones y Recién Nacido Prematuro, concatenado con los operadores de búsqueda "AND" y "OR". Se utilizó la herramienta digital Rayyan para organizar las etapas de selección de estudios. En la búsqueda se identificaron 490 estudios, de los cuales se seleccionaron siete. Todos los estudios fueron publicados en inglés entre 2018 y 2022. En cuanto al diseño, tres fueron estudios de casos y controles, uno fue de cohorte, uno fue transversal y dos fueron ensayos clínicos. En cuanto al nivel de evidencia predominaron los estudios clasificados como nivel IV. Conclusión: la leche materna humana tiene el poder de reducir la incidencia de enterocolitis necrotizante y citomegalovirus, reducir el agravamiento de estados inflamatorios y sepsis tardía, prevenir enfermedades, estimular el desarrollo físico y cognitivo de los recién nacidos prematuros.(AU)
Sujets)
Humains , Nouveau-né , Allaitement naturel , Prématuré , Prévention des infectionsRésumé
ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the cognitive development of preterm infants at six and 12 months of corrected age and the associations with perinatal and socioeconomic factors. Methods: Cognitive development of 40 infants (20 preterm and 20 full-term) at six and 12 months of age was evaluated using the Bayley-III scale. Correlations between cognitive outcome and associated factors were assessed using Spearman correlation. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis with covariance was applied to identify changes on cognitive score between six and 12 months. Results: Bayley-III cognitive score in preterm group was significantly lower than in full-term group at both six and 12 months of age. Birth weight correlated with cognitive performance at six months and head circumference at birth at 12 months, in full-terms infants. The occurrence of necrotizing enterocolitis was inversely associated with cognitive score in preterms at 12 months. An increase in cognitive score was observed between six and 12 months in both groups, but the gain was more pronounced in preterms. Conclusions: These findings suggest some cognitive recovery capacity in the first year despite the restrictions imposed by premature birth and emphasize the importance of early interventions in this population.
RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar o desenvolvimento cognitivo de crianças pré-termo aos seis e 12 meses de idade corrigida e as associações com fatores perinatais e socioeconômicos. Métodos: O desenvolvimento cognitivo de 40 crianças (20 pré-termo e 20 a termo) foi avaliado aos seis e 12 meses de idade, utilizando a escala Bayley-III. Correlações entre resultados cognitivos e fatores associados foram avaliadas pelo teste de correlação de Spearman. A análise de regressão linear múltipla stepwise com covariância foi aplicada para identificar mudanças na pontuação cognitiva entre seis e 12 meses. Resultados: O escore cognitivo no grupo pré-termo foi significativamente menor que no grupo a termo aos seis e 12 meses. O peso ao nascer foi diretamente associado com o desempenho cognitivo aos seis meses e perímetro cefálico ao nascimento aos 12 meses, nas crianças a termo. A ocorrência de enterocolite necrosante foi inversamente associada ao desempenho cognitivo em pré-termos, aos 12 meses. Verificou-se aumento na pontuação cognitiva entre seis e 12 meses nos dois grupos, porém mais pronunciado no pré-termo. Conclusões: O estudo sugere que crianças pré-termo apresentam alguma capacidade de recuperação cognitiva no primeiro ano, apesar das restrições impostas pelo nascimento prematuro, e enfatizam a importância de acompanhamento dessa população desde os primeiros meses de vida.
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Abstract Objective To evaluate the effect of oropharyngeal colostrum immunotherapy (OCI) on the mortality of preterm newborns (PTNB) with very low birth weight (VLBW). Method Non-randomized clinical trial, carried out with 138 mother-child pairs attended at a public maternity hospital. The treatment group used raw colostrum, dripping 4 drops (0.2 ml) into the oropharyngeal mucosa, totaling 8 administrations in 24 h, up to the 7th complete day of life (OCI). The control group was composed of newborns admitted to the same maternity hospital before the implementation of the OCI. Analyzes were performed: descriptive, bivariate, multiple logistic regression, and survival analysis, with a significance level of 5% and 95% CI. Results The treatment group had an RR of death of 0.26 (95% CI = 0.07-0.67; p= 0.00), adjusted for maternal age, marital status, gestational hypertension, type of delivery, number of prenatal visits, and birth weight. Number Needed to Treat (NNT) demonstrated that for every 5 individuals treated with OCI, one death was prevented NNT = 4.9 (95% CI = 1.84-5.20); however, for PTNB with VLBW who remained hospitalized for 50, 100 and 150 days, the NNT reduces to 4, 4 and 3, respectively. Conclusion The OCI proved to be a beneficial intervention, since it reduced the risk of mortality in PTNB with VLBW when compared to the control group.
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Introdução: o nascimento de um bebê prematuro, por vezes, necessita de internação em unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal, o que resulta na mudança de toda dinâmica familiar. Isso ocorre devido ao longo período de hospitalização para o bebê e consequente permanência dos pais no ambiente hospitalar. Objetivo: conhecer os desafios da prematuridade e o papel do apoio social na percepção das mães durante o internamento do seu filho em uma unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal. Metodologia: estudo de abordagem qualitativa, cujos dados foram coletados mediante entrevistas, com sete mães, entre março e agosto de 2018. Os dados foram submetidos a análise de conteúdo proposta por Bardin. Resultados: verificou-se que entre os desafios mais comuns enfrentados pelas mães durante o período de internação estão relacionados ao medo da perda do filho hospitalizado, o apoio da equipe de enfermagem e da família as principais estratégias para enfrentar este momento. Conclusão: o reconhecimento dos desafios enfrentados e o apoio social por familiares e pela equipe de enfermagem são fundamentais a fim de minimizar as dificuldades enfrentadas pelas famílias dos recém-nascidos durante o processo de hospitalização.
Introduction: the birth of a premature baby sometimes requires hospitalization in a neonatal intensive care unit, which results in a change in all family dynamics. This occurs due to the long period of hospitalization for the baby and the consequent permanence of the parents in the hospital environment. Objective: to know the challenges of prematurity and the role of social support in the perception of mothers during their child's hospitalization in a neonatal intensive care unit. Methodology: study with a qualitative approach, whose data were collected through interviews with seven mothers, between March and August 2018. The data were submitted to content analysis proposed by Bardin. Results: it was found that among the most common challenges faced by mothers during the period of hospitalization are related to the fear of losing the hospitalized child, the support of the nursing team and the family are the main strategies to face this moment. Conclusion: recognition of the challenges faced and social support by family members and the nursing team are essential in order to minimize the difficulties faced by families of newborns during the hospitalization process.
Introducción: el nacimiento de un bebé prematuro en ocasiones requiere hospitalización en una unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales, lo que resulta en cambios en toda la dinámica familiar. Esto ocurre debido al largo período de hospitalización del bebé y la consecuente estancia de los padres en el ambiente hospitalario. Objetivo: comprender los desafíos de la prematuridad y el papel del apoyo social en la percepción de las madres durante la hospitalización de su hijo en una unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales. Metodología: estudio cualitativo, cuyos datos fueron recolectados a través de entrevistas a siete madres, entre marzo y agosto de 2018. Los datos fueron sometidos al análisis de contenido propuesto por Bardin. Resultados: se encontró que entre los desafíos más comunes que enfrentan las madres durante el período de hospitalización están relacionados con el miedo a perder a su hijo hospitalizado, siendo el apoyo del equipo de enfermería y de la familia las principales estrategias para afrontar este momento. Conclusión: el reconocimiento de los desafíos enfrentados y el apoyo social por parte de los familiares y del equipo de enfermería son fundamentales para minimizar las dificultades que enfrentan las familias de los recién nacidos durante el proceso de hospitalización.
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ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between gestational age and green areas, urban built areas, and the concentration of particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) in the city of São Paulo, analyzing the irregular distribution of these areas and pollution levels above the recommended level. METHODS The study population consisted of a cohort of live births from 2012, and data from the Live Birth Information System (Sinasc) of the city of São Paulo were used. Using satellite images and supervised classification, the distribution and quantity of green areas and built areas in the city of São Paulo was obtained, as well as the concentrations of PM2.5. Logistic regressions were used to obtain possible associations. RESULTS The results of the study show that a lower percentage of green areas is significantly associated with a higher chance of preterm births. A higher building density was positively associated with the odds ratio for preterm birth. We did not find any significant associations between air pollution (PM2.5) and preterm births. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study show that greener areas are less associated with preterm births when compared with less green areas.
RESUMO OBJETIVO Avaliar a associação entre a idade gestacional e as áreas verdes, áreas construídas urbanas e a concentração de material particulado 2,5 (MP2,5) em São Paulo, analisando a distribuição irregular dessas áreas e os níveis de poluição acima do recomendado. MÉTODOS A população utilizada no estudo foi a dos nascidos vivos no ano de 2012, com os dados do Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivo (Sinasc) na cidade de São Paulo. Por meio de imagens de satélites e realizando a classificação supervisionada, obtivemos a distribuição e quantidade de áreas verdes e de áreas construídas, na cidade de São Paulo, assim como as concentrações de MP2,5. Regressões logísticas foram utilizadas para obter possíveis associações. RESULTADOS Os resultados do estudo mostram que menor percentual de áreas verdes está associado significativamente com maior chance de prematuridade. Maior densidade de construção foi associada positivamente com a razão de chance de nascimento prematuro. Não encontramos resultados significativos entre a poluição do ar (MP2,5) e prematuridade. CONCLUSÕES Os resultados deste estudo demostraram que áreas mais verdes em relação às áreas menos verdes são menos associadas a nascimentos prematuros.
Sujets)
Humains , Mâle , Femelle , Grossesse , Nouveau-né , Prématuré , Pollution de l'air , Zones Vertes , Parcs de loisirs , Cadre bâtiRésumé
Objetivo: construir e validar um formulário para a transição de cuidados com o neonato prematuro. Método: estudo metodológico realizado em três etapas: levantamento do referencial teórico-metodológico, análise semântica e validação de conteúdo, baseado no Modelo de Construção de Instrumentos e utilizando o método de Delphi, sendo considerado aprovado quando o índice de validação de conteúdo foi maior que 80%.Resultados: o formulário composto por seis domínios foi aprovado após três rodadas, com 64itens e alcançou uma aprovação média de 89%.Conclusão: o formulário de transição de cuidados foi validado quanto a face e conteúdo, disponibilizando uma nova tecnologia a ser utilizada para a transição de informações de forma padronizada e segura.
Objective:to construct and validate a form for transition of care for premature newborns. Method:a methodological study carried out in three steps: theoretical-methodological framework survey, semantic analysis and content validity, based on the instrument construction model and using the Delphi method, being considered approved when the Content Validity Index was greater than 80%. Results:the form consisting of six domains was approved after three rounds, with 64 items, and achieved a mean approval of 89%. Conclusion:the transition of care form was validated in terms of face and content, providing a new technology to be used for standardized and safe transition of information.
Objetivo:construir y validar un formulario para la transición de la atención al recién nacido prematuro. Método:estudio metodológico realizado en tres etapas: levantamiento del marco teórico-metodológico, análisis semántico y validación de contenido, con base en el modelo de construcción de instrumentos y mediante el método Delphi, considerándose aprobado cuando el índice de validación de contenido fue superior al 80%. Resultados:el formulario compuesto por seis dominios fue aprobado después de tres rondas, con 64 ítems, y alcanzó una tasa de aprobación promedio del 89%. Conclusión:el formulario de transición de atención fue validado en términos de apariencia y contenido, proporcionando una nueva tecnología para ser utilizada para la transición de información de forma estandarizada y segura.
Sujets)
Humains , Sortie du patient , Prématuré , Soins infirmiers en néonatalogie , Continuité des soins , Technologie biomédicaleRésumé
Abstract Objective: To ascertain how screening for preterm birth is performed among obstetricians working in public and private practice in a middle-income country. Methods: Cross-sectional study of 265 obstetrician-gynecologists employed at public and private facilities. An online questionnaire was administered, with items designed to collect data on prematurity screening and prevention practices. Results: The mean age of respondents was 44.5 years; 78.5% were female, and 97.7% had completed a medical residency program. Universal screening (i.e., by ultrasound measurement of cervical length) was carried out by only 11.3% of respondents in public practice; 43% request transvaginal ultrasound if the manual exam is abnormal, and 74.6% request it in pregnant women with risk factors for preterm birth. Conversely, 60.7% of respondents in private practice performed universal screening. This difference in screening practices between public and private practice was highly significant (p < 0.001). Nearly all respondents (90.6%) reported prescribing vaginal progesterone for short cervix. Conclusion: In the setting of this study, universal ultrasound screening to prevent preterm birth was used by just over half of doctors in private practice. In public facilities, screening was even less common. Use of vaginal progesterone in cervical shortening was highly prevalent. There is an unmet need for formal protocols for screening and prevention of preterm birth in middle-income settings.
Sujets)
Humains , Nouveau-né , Prématuré , Connaissances, attitudes et pratiques en santé , Dépistage de masse , Naissance prématurée , Mesure de la longueur du col utérinRésumé
ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the process of best practices implementation for breastfeeding assistance for preterm and low birth weight infants. Method: Participatory research that used the evidence implementation methodology of the JBI, held at a university hospital in southeastern Brazil, with the participation of a multidisciplinary team and managers. Stages: Situational diagnosis, baseline audit and feedback, protocol development, training, implementation, and monitoring. Results: Seven audit criteria were defined. In the baseline audit, three criteria were met, with eleven barriers to be resolved being listed. The strategies carried out were protocol development and multidisciplinary and intersectoral training. After the training, compliance was achieved with the seven criteria audited in the first follow-up audit and five in the second, emphasizing the increase in compliance after the implementation of the outlined strategies. Conclusion: The project achieved the objective of improving evidence-based practice, and allowed the implementation of the institution's first breastfeeding protocol. However, it shows the need to maintain training for adherence and enculturation of new practices.
RESUMEN Objetivo: Describir el proceso de implantación de las mejores prácticas para la asistencia a la lactancia materna en recién nacidos prematuros y de bajo peso al nacer. Método: Investigación participativa que utilizó la metodología de implementación de evidencia del JBI, realizado en un hospital universitario del sudeste de Brasil, con la participación de un equipo multidisciplinario y gestores. Etapas: Diagnóstico situacional, auditoría de base y retroalimentación, desarrollo de protocolo, capacitación, implementación y seguimiento. Resultados: Se definieron siete criterios de auditoría. En la auditoría de base se cumplieron tres criterios y se enumeraron once barreras por resolver. Las estrategias implementadas fueron el desarrollo de protocolo y la capacitación multidisciplinaria e intersectorial. Luego de la capacitación se logró el cumplimiento de los siete criterios auditados en la primera auditoría de seguimiento y de cinco en la segunda, destacando el incremento en el cumplimiento luego de implementar las estrategias trazadas. Conclusión: El proyecto logró el objetivo de mejorar la práctica basada en evidencia y permitió la implementación del primer protocolo de lactancia materna de la institución, pero destaca la necesidad de mantener la capacitación para la adherencia y la inculturación de nuevas prácticas.
RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever o processo de implantação das melhores práticas para assistência à amamentação de recém-nascido prematuro e de baixo peso. Método: Pesquisa participativa que utilizou a metodologia de implementação de evidências do JBI, realizada em hospital universitário no sudeste do Brasil, com participação de equipe multiprofissional e gestores. Etapas: diagnóstico situacional, auditoria de base e feedback, elaboração de protocolo, treinamentos, implementação e monitoramento. Resultados: Foram definidos sete critérios de auditoria. Na auditoria de base, três critérios se mostraram conformes, sendo elencadas onze barreiras para serem solucionadas. As estratégias realizadas foram elaboração de protocolo e treinamentos multidisciplinares e intersetoriais. Após as capacitações obteve-se conformidade dos sete critérios auditados na primeira auditoria de seguimento e de cinco na segunda, enfatizando o aumento da conformidade após concretização das estratégias traçadas. Conclusão: O projeto alcançou o objetivo de melhorar a prática baseada em evidências, e possibilitou a implementação do primeiro protocolo de amamentação da instituição, porém evidencia a necessidade de manutenção dos treinamentos para adesão e enculturação das novas práticas.
Sujets)
Humains , Nouveau-né , Allaitement naturel , Soins infirmiers en néonatalogie , Science de la mise en oeuvre , Nourrisson à faible poids de naissance , PrématuréRésumé
Objective:To analyze the difference and reliability of blood 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP), an indirect screening index for congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), between preterm and full-term infants.Methods:In this retrospective cross-sectional study, a total of 210 285 newborns who underwent CAH screening at the Neonatal Screening Center of Shanghai Children′s Hospital from January 2019 to December 2022 were collected, including 14 312 premature infants and 195 973 full-term infants.The concentration of 17-OHP in dried blood spots on filter paper was determined by an automatic fluorescence analyzer.The distribution of 17-OHP levels in preterm and full-term infants and its statistical index were analyzed.The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used for normal distribution.The skewed distribution data was converted into approximately normal distribution using Box-Cox.Outliers were eliminated by the interquartile range method.The cumulative frequency distribution map was drawn by R language programming.The 99.5 th percentile value was used as the screening threshold and compared with the reference value given by the manufacturer or laboratory and with the reference change value (RCV). Results:According to the threshold provided by the laboratory, 26.76‰ of premature infants were tested positive in preliminary screening, and 4 were confirmed with an incidence of 1∶3 578, while 0.79‰ of full-term infants were tested positive in preliminary screening, and 11 were confirmed with an incidence of 1∶17 816.The thresholds for CAH screening established indirectly were 20.35 nmol/L in preterm infants and 10.78 nmol/L in full-term infants.The relative deviations between the indirect CAH screening thresholds and the manufacturer′s or laboratory′s CAH screening thresholds were higher than the RCV, respectively.According to the indirect CAH screening thresholds, the negative and positive coincidence rates of 65 samples in 13 batches from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention interlaboratory quality assessment program in the United States reached 100%.A retrospective analysis of 210 285 neonates showed that 17-OHP concentration was higher than the screening threshold in all CAH-positive neonates.The application of this screening threshold reduced the false positive rate of preterm infants by 59.79%.Conclusions:It is feasible to establish the CAH screening thresholds for premature and full-term infants by an indirect method, which can improve the efficiency of screening and provide better diagnostic basis for clinical practice.
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Objective:The prediction model of feeding intolerance in preterm infants was established and validated to provide guidance for clinical practice.Methods:This was a case-control study. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 210 premature infants with gestational age less than 34 weeks from September 2022 to May 2023. They were divided into training and validation sets in a 1∶1 ratio. The univariate and multivariate binary Logistic regression analysis were performed on training set samples, first identified the risk factors for feeding intolerance occurrence, and established a premature feeding intolerance risk prediction model based on these risk factors. Visualized the model using a column chart. The performance of the model was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, calibration curves, and clinical decision curves in the training and validation sets, respectively. The ROC curve was used to evaluate the differentiation ability of the model, the calibration curve was used to evaluate the consistency of the model, and clinical decision-making was used to evaluate the net benefit status of patients when the model guides clinical interventions.Results:Among them, there were 84 cases in the feeding tolerance and 126 cases in the feeding intolerance. There were 53 males and 31 females with feeding tolerance aged (32.38 ± 1.37) weeks and 73 males and 53 females with feeding intolerance aged (30.01 ± 2.14) weeks. Through univariate Logistic regression analysis of 12 related variables, there were significant differences between the feeding tolerance premature infants and the feeding intolerance premature infants in 8 variables of premature birth weight, birth asphyxia, caffeine use, delayed defecation, gestational age, lactation time, non-invasive ventilation time, and invasive ventilation time ( OR values were 0.032-18.706, all P<0.05). Multiple Logistic regression ultimately screened out three variables, namely premature infant body mass, delayed defecation, and non-invasive ventilation time ( OR = 0.073, 4.926, 1.244, all P<0.05). The area under the ROC curve of the training and validation sets were 0.906 and 0.876, respectively. The calibration curves of the training and validation sets indicated that the model had high consistency. The Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness of fit test showed that χ2 = 7.92, P = 0.442. Conclusions:The prediction model established in this study has high discrimination, calibration, and clinical practical value, and can accurately predict the risk of feeding intolerance in premature infants, providing reference basis for timely nursing and clinical intervention.
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Objective:To select and obtain relevant evidence on the prevention and management of gastric retention in premature infants, so as to form the best summary of evidence.Methods:According to the "6S" evidence model system, we searched the domestic and foreign evidence-based databases, relevant guide websites, and association websites for all literature on the prevention and management of gastric retention in premature infants, including clinical decisions, guidelines, best practice information books, evidence summaries, systematic evaluations, and expert consensus. The search period was from January 1, 2013 to June 8, 2023.Results:A total of 12 articles were included, including 5 guidelines, 1 recommended practice, 5 systematic reviews, 1 expert consensuses. A total of 20 pieces of best evidence were collected, mainly involving 6 aspects of feeding management, placement of gastric tube, position management, gastric residue monitoring, gastric residue treatment, intervening measure.Conclusions:This study summarized the best evidence for the prevention and management of gastric retention in premature infants, so as to provide theoretical basis for clinical management of gastric retention and promote the establishment of enteral nutrition in premature infants.
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Objective To explore the effect of histologic chorioamnionitis(HCA)on clinical outcomes of preterm infants with a gestational age<34 weeks.Methods This retrospective study enrolled 497 cases of premature infants with a gestational age<34 weeks and their mothers who were hospitalized in the Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital from January 2019 to December 2022.According to whether the pathology of placenta was diagnosed as HCA or not,patients were divided into the HCA group(257 cases)and the control group(240 cases).The propensity score matching analysis was performed at a ratio of 1︰1.Ten items were matched,including gestational age,birth weight,gender,cesarean section,gestational diabetes mellitus,gestational hypertension,placental abruption,premature rupture of membranes,use of antenatal glucocorticoids and assisted reproductive technology.The differences of major complications and survival rate were compared between the two groups.Results A total of 156 pairs premature infants were successfully matched.Before matching,the incidences of early-onset sepsis(EOS)and bronchopulmonary dysplasia(BPD)were higher in the HCA group than those of the control group(26.1%vs.7.5%,45.1%vs.25.8%,P＜0.01).The incidence of EOS was higher in the HCA group than that of the control group after matching(24.4%vs.7.7%,P＜0.01),and the incidence of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome(NRDS)was significantly lower in the HCA group than that in the control group after matching(34.0%vs.46.8%,P＜0.05).There were no significant differences in survival rate and the incidences of other complications between the two groups before and after matching(P>0.05).Conclusion Preterm infants exposed to HCA have a higher risk of EOS and a lower risk of NRDS after propensity score matching.HCA has no significant effect on survival rate and other complications of premature infants.
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Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics and prognosis of bloodstream infection caused by carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) in preterm infants, and to provide basis for early clinical diagnosis and infection control. Methods:The clinical data of infants with CRKP bloodstream infection admitted to the Preterm Infants Ward of Children′s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University from January 2015 to December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. The risk factors for death in preterm infants caused by CRKP bloodstream infection were explored through multivariate logistic regression analysis, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the clinical value of each factor on evaluating prognosis. The area under curves (AUC) of each factor in different ROC curve were compared by Delong′s test.Results:A total of 96 preterm infants with CRKP bloodstream infection were included, including 70 in the survival group and 26 in the death group. The first onset symptoms of CRKP bloodstream infection in preterm infants were persistent tachycardia (heart rate>180 per minute) (69 cases, 71.9%), fever (61 cases, 63.5%), and apnea (59 cases, 61.5%). There were 88(91.7%) cases of infection combined with septic shock, and 91(94.8%) cases required vasoactive drug support. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the maximum vasoactive-inotropic score (VIS) within 48 hours of onset (odds ratio ( OR)=1.058, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.022 to 1.095, P=0.001), concurrent purulent meningitis ( OR=8.029, 95% CI 1.344 to 47.972, P=0.022), and concurrent necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) ( OR=10.881, 95% CI 1.566 to 75.580, P=0.016) were independent risk factors for death in preterm infants with CRKP bloodstream infection. The ROC curve showed that the AUCs for evaluating the prognosis of preterm infants with NEC and purulent meningitis were 0.784 and 0.711, respectively. The AUC for evaluating the prognosis of preterm infants with a maximum VIS ≥52.5 points within 48 hours of onset was 0.840, and the AUC for combining the three factors was 0.931. Compared with NEC and purulent meningitis, the AUC for combining factors was higher, the differences were statistically significant ( P=0.002, P<0.001). Conclusions:Preterm infants with CRKP bloodstream infection who have a maximum VIS ≥52.5 points within 48 hours of onset, with NEC and purulent meningitis have a higher risk of death.
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Objective:To investigate the perinatal prognosis and its impact factors for premature infants with twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) who were born at ≤34 weeks of gestation.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted on 68 pregnancies of TTTS with gestational age ≤34 weeks at delivery, among them 106 preterm infants (TTTS group) were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University from January 2003 to February 2019. During the same period, another 178 twins without TTTS, congenital malformation, and intrauterine intervention who matched the TTTS group in maternal age (differences within two years) and gestational age (differences within one week) were assigned as non-TTTS group. Perinatal prognosis of TTTS infants born at ≤34 weeks was analyzed by comparing the differences in postnatal early complications and perinatal outcomes (survival time morn than 28 days or not) between the TTTS and non-TTTS groups, recipient and donor twins, mild and severe TTTS infants, and among TTTS infants with different intrauterine interventions. The risk factors for perinatal survival in TTTS infants with gestational age ≤34 weeks were analyzed. Two independent samples t-test, one-way analysis of variance, rank-sum test, Chi-square test, and ordered logistic regression were used for statistical analysis. Results:(1) Among the 68 pregnancies, the overall perinatal survival rate of the neonates was 72.1% (98/136), the double-twin survival rate was 48.5% (33/68), and the rate of at least one survivor was 95.6% (65/68). (2) In the TTTS group, 62 were recipients and 44 were donors. Stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ TTTS was found in 41 cases (mild TTTS group) and stage Ⅲ-Ⅴ in 65 cases (severe TTTS group). (3) The rate of severe brain injury was higher in the severe-TTTS group than those in the mild-TTTS group [9.2% (6/65) vs. 0.0% (0/41), χ 2=4.01, P=0.045]. (4) Gestational age ≤28 weeks ( OR=101.90, 95% CI: 5.07-2 048.37), stage Ⅳ ( OR=14.04, 95% CI: 1.56-126.32) and stage Ⅴ TTTS ( OR=51.09, 95% CI: 3.58-728.81) were independent risk factors for death within 28 days (all P<0.05). (5) Compared with the non-TTTS group, the TTTS group had higher rates of neonatal anemia [51.9% (55/106) vs. 33.1% (59/178), χ 2=9.71], polycythemia [5.7% (6/106) vs. 0.6% (1/178), χ 2=7.18], neonatal persistent pulmonary hypertension [3.8% (4/106) vs. 0.0% (0/178), χ 2=6.81], sepsis [15.1% (16/106) vs. 7.3% (13/178), χ 2=4.40], state Ⅲ or higher retinopathy of prematurity [3.8% (4/106) vs. 0.0% (0/178), χ 2=6.81], congenital cardiac structural abnormality [19.8% (21/106) vs. 0.6% (1/178), χ 2=33.45], heart failure [8.5% (9/106) vs. 0.6% (1/178), χ 2=12.29], and renal insufficiency [14.2% (15/106) vs. 1.1% (2/178), χ 2=20.04] (all P<0.05). Conclusions:Compared with the twin premature infants without TTTS, those with TTTS and ≤34 gestational age were more likely to have cardiac, cerebral, and renal complications. The more severe the TTTS, the higher the incidence of severe brain injury. TTTS preterm infants with gestational age ≤28 weeks and stage Ⅳ or above have high risk of death.
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With the development of neonatal intensive care, both the live birth rate and survival rate of preterm infants, especially in extremely preterm infants, have escalated. However, the long-term adverse prognosis of preterm infants became increasingly conspicuous. In the field of kidney disease, the existing clinical data have substantiated a higher susceptibility to chronic kidney disease (CKD) development during childhood or adulthood in preterm and low-birth-weight infants when compared with full-term infants. This suggests that preterm and/or low birth weight increases the risk for long-term CKD. Nonetheless, little attention has been paid to long-term CKD associated with preterm and/or low birth weight and the mechanism involved in this process is unknown. Current studies have suggested that reduced nephron and podocyte depletion are involved in this process, but detailed molecular mechanism remains inadequate. Therefore, this article reviews the research progress of long-term CKD correlated with preterm and/or low birth weight.
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Resumo Objetivo Analisar as evidências disponíveis sobre a transição alimentar de sonda orogástrica para aleitamento materno diretamente na mama com prematuros internados em unidades hospitalares. Métodos Revisão sistemática da literatura com busca nas bases de dados PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, EMBASE, Scopus, Cochrane CENTRAL, CINAHL, com os critérios de inclusão: estudos experimentais, sem restrição temporal e nos idiomas português, espanhol e inglês. A avaliação metodológica foi realizada por meio das ferramentas Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) e Revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2.0) e consistiu em duas etapas: qualidade metodológica e o risco de viés dos estudos. Resultados Foram identificados 10 artigos, todos ensaios clínicos randomizados. As técnicas utilizadas na transição da dieta dos prematuros encontradas foram: sonda-dedo e seringa, copo e sonda-dedo, copo e mamadeira, colher e sucção não-nutritiva, sucção não-nutritiva, sucção não-nutritiva e estimulação oral, comportamento dos prematuros, cheiro do leite materno. Conclusão As técnicas evidenciadas permitiram a transição da dieta, em um período mais curto, reduzindo o tempo de internação, aumentando o ganho de peso e se mostraram seguras, desde que o prematuro tenha maturidade para ser realizada. Contudo, a mamadeira foi desaconselhada, pela ocorrência de episódios de dessaturação, aumento da frequência cardíaca e confusão de bico.
Resumen Objetivo Analizar las evidencias disponibles sobre la transición alimentaria de sonda orogástrica a lactancia materna directamente de la mama con prematuros internados en unidades hospitalarias. Métodos Revisión sistemática de la literatura con búsqueda en las bases de datos PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, EMBASE, Scopus, Cochrane CENTRAL, CINAHL, con los siguientes criterios de inclusión: estudios experimentales, sin restricción temporal y en idioma portugués, español e inglés. La evaluación metodológica se realizó por medio de las herramientas Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) y Revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2.0) y consistió en dos etapas: calidad metodológica y riesgo de sesgo de los estudios. Resultados Se identificaron 10 artículos, todos ensayos clínicos aleatorizados. Las técnicas utilizadas para la transición de la dieta de prematuros fueron: dedo-jeringa y jeringa, vaso y dedo-jeringa, vaso y mamadera, cuchara y succión no nutritiva, succión no nutritiva, succión no nutritiva y estimulación oral, comportamiento de los prematuros, olor de la leche materna. Conclusión Las técnicas observadas permitieron realizar la transición de la dieta en un período más corto, con reducción del tiempo de internación y mejor aumento de peso y demostraron ser seguras, siempre que el prematuro tenga madurez para realizarlas. No obstante, se desaconseja la mamadera por la presencia de episodios de desaturación, aumento de la frecuencia cardíaca y confusión tetina-pezón. Número de registro da revisão sistemática: CRD42021240725 (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=240725)
Abstract Objective To analyze the available evidence on the transition from orogastric tube feeding to breastfeeding directly from the breast with premature infants admitted to hospital units. Methods Systematic literature review with search in the following databases: PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, EMBASE, Scopus, Cochrane CENTRAL, CINAHL, with the inclusion criteria: experimental studies, without temporal restrictions and in Portuguese, Spanish and English. The methodological assessment was carried out using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) and Revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2.0) tools and consisted of two stages: methodological quality and the risk of bias of the studies. Results 10 papers were identified, all randomized clinical trials. The techniques used in transitioning the premature babies' diet were: finger tube and syringe, cup and finger tube, cup and bottle, spoon and non-nutritive sucking, non-nutritive sucking, non-nutritive sucking and oral stimulation, behavior of premature babies, and smell of breast milk. Conclusion The demonstrated techniques allowed the transition of the diet in a shorter period, reducing the length of hospital stay, increasing weight gain 1and proved to be safe, as long as the premature baby is mature enough to undergo the procedure. However, bottle feeding was not recommended due to the occurrence of episodes of desaturation, increased heart rate and nipple confusion. Systematic review registration number: CRD42021240725 (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=240725)
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ABSTRACT Objective This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of hypertensive disorders during pregnancy among Brazilian women with preterm births and to compare the epidemiological characteristics and perinatal outcomes among preterm births of women with and without hypertension. Methods This was a secondary cross-sectional analysis of the Brazilian Multicenter Study on Preterm Birth. During the study period, all women with preterm births were included and further split into two groups according to the occurrence of any hypertensive disorder during pregnancy. Prevalence ratios were calculated for each variable. Maternal characteristics, prenatal care, and gestational and perinatal outcomes were compared between the two groups using χ2 and t-tests. Results A total of 4,150 women with preterm births were included, and 1,169 (28.2%) were identified as having hypertensive disorders. Advanced maternal age (prevalence ratio (PR) 2.49) and obesity (PR= 2.64) were more common in the hypertensive group. The gestational outcomes were worse in women with hypertension. Early preterm births were also more frequent in women with hypertension. Conclusion Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy were frequent among women with preterm births, and provider-initiated preterm births were the leading causes of premature births in this group. The factors significantly associated with hypertensive disorders among women with preterm births were obesity, excessive weight gain, and higher maternal age.
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ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the type of feeding and analyze the sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding at hospital discharge, in the first and in the last follow-up visit of the third stage of the Kangaroo Mother Care among infants admitted to the kangaroo unit. Method: Longitudinal and retrospective study. A total of 186 infants of gestational age <37 weeks admitted to the kangaroo unit in 2018 and 2019 was included. Data collected from medical records and subjected to inferential analysis and the Poisson regression model (P < 0.05). Results: Exclusive breastfeeding rate was 73.1% at discharge, with a drop at the last follow-up visit (68.1%). At discharge, there was a greater probability of exclusive breastfeeding in younger mothers, with higher education, infants born with higher birth weight and who received exclusive human milk during hospitalization; in the first follow-up visit, in a younger mother and infant who received only human milk during hospitalization; and in the last follow-up visit, a young mother, infant who received only human milk and suckled at the breast for the first time in the kangaroo unit. Conclusion: Most infants hospitalized in the second stage of the Kangaroo Mother Care were exclusively breastfed and presented maternal and clinical factors related to breastfeeding. This fact can help manage the challenges of the method and promote breastfeeding.
RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar el tipo de alimentación y analizar los factores sociodemográficos y clínicos asociados a la lactancia materna exclusiva al alta hospitalaria, en el primero y en la última visita de seguimiento de la tercera etapa del Método Madre Canguro entre los recién nacidos ingresados en la unidad canguro. Método: Estudio longitudinal y retrospectivo. Se incluyeron 186 neonatos en edad gestacional <37 semanas ingresados en la unidad canguro en 2018 y 2019. Datos recopilados de historias clínicas sometidas a análisis inferencial y modelo de regresión de Poisson (p < 0,05). Resultados: La tasa de lactancia materna exclusiva fue del 73,1% al alta, con descenso en la última visita de seguimiento (68,1%). Al alta hubo mayor probabilidad de lactancia materna exclusiva en madres más jóvenes, con mayor escolaridad, recién nacidos con mayor peso al nacer y que recibieron leche materna exclusiva durante la internación; en la primera visita de seguimiento, en una madre más joven y un recién nacido que recibió únicamente leche materna durante la hospitalización; y en la última visita de seguimiento, una madre joven, recién nacido que recibió sólo leche humana y con la primera succión del pecho en la unidad canguro. Conclusión: La mayoría de los recién nacidos hospitalizados en la segunda etapa del Método Madre Canguro fueron amamantados exclusivamente y presentaron factores maternos y médicos relacionados con la lactancia materna, que pueden ayudar a gestionar los desafíos del método y promover la lactancia materna.
RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar o tipo de alimentação e analisar os fatores sociodemográficos e clínicos associados ao aleitamento exclusivo na alta hospitalar, no primeiro e no último retorno da terceira etapa do Método Canguru entre neonatos internados na unidade canguru. Método: Estudo longitudinal e retrospectivo. Incluídos 186 neonatos com idade gestacional <37 semanas admitidos na unidade canguru em 2018 e 2019. Dados coletados do prontuário submetidos à análise inferencial e ao modelo de regressão Poisson (p < 0,05). Resultados: Taxa de aleitamento exclusivo foi de 73,1% na alta, com queda no último retorno (68,1%). Na alta, houve maior probabilidade de aleitamento exclusivo em mãe mais jovem, com escolaridade superior, neonato nascido com maior peso e que recebeu leite humano exclusivo durante internação; no primeiro retorno, em mãe mais jovem e neonato que recebeu apenas leite humano na internação; e no último retorno, mãe jovem, neonato que recebeu apenas leite humano e com primeira sucção na mama na unidade canguru. Conclusão: A maioria dos neonatos internados na segunda etapa do Método Canguru estava em aleitamento exclusivo e apresentou fatores maternos e clínicos relacionados ao aleitamento, podendo auxiliar no manejo dos desafios do método e na promoção da amamentação.