Repeatability and Reproducibility of a New Ocular Biometer Based on Partial Coherence Interferometry and Its Agreement with IOL Master 500 / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

ObjectiveTo assess the repeatability （intra-operator variability） and reproducibility （inter-operator variability） of a new partial coherence interferometry （PCI）-based ocular biometer， Myopia Master， and its agreement with IOL Master 500 for measuring axial length （AL） and corneal curvature （K） in children aged 8-12 years. MethodsThe same operator measured school children with the Myopia Master and the IOL Master 500 in random order to assess agreement. Additionally， some of these children received measurements from another operator using the Myopia Master to assess repeatability and reproducibility. AL， flat keratometry （Kf）， steep keratometry （Ks）， mean keratometry （Km）， J0 and J45 were analyzed. The repeatability and reproducibility were assessed by the within-subject standard deviation （Sw）， test-retest repeatability （TRT）， coefficient of variation （CoV） and intra-class correlation coefficient （ICC）. The agreement between the Myopia Master and the IOL Master 500 was assessed by Bland-Altman plots and 95% limits of agreement （LoA）. ResultsBoth repeatability and reproducibility of the Myopia Master were high for AL measurements （Sw=0.02 mm， ICC=0.999； Sw=0.04 mm， ICC=0.998）， but moderate for K measurements （Sw range， 0.04 to 0.12 D， ICC range， 0.861 to 0.991； Sw range， 0.06 to 0.20 D， ICC range， 0.835 to 0.992）. There were significant mean differences between the Myopia Master and the IOL Master 500 in measurements of AL （-0.01±0.04） mm， Kf （-0.09 ± 0.15） D， Ks （-0.47±0.40） D， and Km （-0.28±0.23） D， J0 （0.18±0.20） D and J45 （-0.01±0.12） D. ConclusionsThe Myopia Master provided high repeatability and reproducibility for AL measurements in schoolchildren with myopia， but the Myopia Master and the IOL Master 500 cannot be used interchangeably in measuring AL and K.

Biosensor analysis technology and its research progress in drug development of Alzheimer's disease / 药学学报

Biosensor analysis technology is a kind of technology with high specificity that can convert biological reactions into optical and electrical signals. In the development of drugs for Alzheimer's disease (AD), according to different disease hypotheses and targets, this technology plays an important role in confirming targets and screening active compounds. This paper briefly describes the pathogenesis of AD and the current situation of therapeutic drugs, introduces three biosensor analysis techniques commonly used in the discovery of AD drugs, such as surface plasmon resonance (SPR), biolayer interferometry (BLI) and fluorescence analysis technology, explains its basic principle and application progress, and summarizes their advantages and limitations respectively.

Prescription Rule of Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Treatment of Diabetic Nephropathy via Data Analysis and Biofilm Interference / 医药导报

Objective To analyze the medication rule of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)in treating diabetes nephropathy(DN)and to explore the interaction between core components and key targets.Methods Based on the ancient and modern medical case cloud platform,the medication rules of TCMs and the drug pairs with the highest frequency in treating DN were summarized.Then the network pharmacology approach was utilized to analyze the pharmacodynamic material basis and mechanisms of the highest frequency-drug pairs.The potential targets were predicted by Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform(TCMSP)databases.TTD,DISGENET,and GENECARD databases were used to obtain the related targets of DN and screen out the potential targets for DN.In order to clarify the relationships between the active ingredients,the core targets,and pathways,STRING and Cytoscape 3.7.1 software were used to construct the protein-protein interaction(PPI)network and core drugs-ingredients-targets-disease interaction network,DAVID database was screened for Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Gnomes(KEGG)enrichment analysis of core targets.Sybyl 2.1 software and biofilm interference verify the combined capacity between the core ingredients and key targets.Results Among 183 prescriptions,Astragali Radix had the highest use frequency and average dose,43 times and 37 g,respectively,followed by Salviae miltiorrhizae Radix and Poria cocos.To find the core combined with the highest confidence in association analysis was astragalus,salvia miltiorrhiza,and tuckahoe.Correlation analysis indicates that the core combination with the highest confidence was Astragali Radix-Salviae miltiorrhizae Radix-Poria cocos.Network pharmacologic showed 89 potential targets and 15 key signaling pathways for the treatment of DN by the drug pair.TNF signaling pathway,Nod-like receptor signaling pathway,and MAPK signaling pathway were disease-related pathways,and IL-6,TNF,and vascular endothelial growth factor A(VEGFA)were core targets.Isorhamnetin and quercetin of the drug pair had high binding ability with IL6,the scores were 8.2 and 7.4,respectively,and the dissociation constants(KD)were 5.6×10-5 mol·L-1 and 6.8×10-5 mol·L-1,respectively.Conclusion This study preliminarily finds the prescription rule of treating DN with Astragali Radix-Salviae miltiorrhizae Radix-Poria cocos as the core drug pair,isorhamnetin,and quercetin are probably the main active compounds of this drug pair in DN treatment,which provides a basis for clinical treatment and drug discovery of DN.

Ocular biometry in dense cataracts: Comparison of partial-coherence interferometry, swept-source optical coherence tomography and immersion ultrasound

Purpose: To assess the axial length (AL) measurement failure rate using partial?coherence interferometry (PCI) and swept?source optical coherence tomography (SS?OCT) in dense cataracts. As a secondary outcome, the SS?OCT biometry was compared to immersion ultrasound. Methods: This is a prospective cross?sectional and comparative study. Seventy eyes from 70 patients with dense cataracts were enrolled in this study. Dense cataract was defined according to the Lens Opacities Classification System III (LOCS III) scores equal to or more than NO4, NC4, C4, and P3. The failure rate of AL measurement was evaluated using PCI and SS?OCT. Anterior chamber depth (ACD), lens thickness (LT), and AL measurements obtained by SS?OCT were compared with IUS. Results: AL measurement failure rate with PCI was 68.57% and 21.43% with SS?OCT (P = 0.007). AL measurement was achieved in 69.23% of NO4, 66.6% of P3, and 15.3% of mixed cataracts using PCI, while SS?OCT was achieved in 100% of NO4, NO5, P3, and P5 and 76.9% of mixed cataracts. Cortical cataracts alone did not influence AL measurement. Biometric data of ACD, LT, and AL were statistically different comparing US and SS?OCT with a good correlation of AL. Conclusion: SS?OCT significantly improves the rate of successful AL measurements when compared to PCI in dense cataracts. The LOCS III clinical cut?off for the use of SS?OCT ocular biometry may well be up to P4 and NO5

Identification of a novel PHGDH covalent inhibitor by chemical proteomics and phenotypic profiling

The first rate-limiting enzyme of the serine synthesis pathway (SSP), phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH), is hyperactive in multiple tumors, which leads to the activation of SSP and promotes tumorigenesis. However, only a few inhibitors of PHGDH have been discovered to date, especially the covalent inhibitors of PHGDH. Here, we identified withangulatin A (WA), a natural small molecule, as a novel covalent inhibitor of PHGDH. Affinity-based protein profiling identified that WA could directly bind to PHGDH and inactivate the enzyme activity of PHGDH. Biolayer interferometry and LC-MS/MS analysis further demonstrated the selective covalent binding of WA to the cysteine 295 residue (Cys295) of PHGDH. With the covalent modification of Cys295, WA blocked the substrate-binding domain (SBD) of PHGDH and exerted an allosteric effect to induce PHGDH inactivation. Further studies revealed that with the inhibition of PHGDH mediated by WA, the glutathione synthesis was decreased and intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were elevated, leading to the inhibition of tumor proliferation. This study indicates WA as a novel PHGDH covalent inhibitor, which identifies Cys295 as a novel allosteric regulatory site of PHGDH and holds great potential in developing anti-tumor agents for targeting PHGDH.

Development of a BLI assay-based method for detecting LptA/LptC interaction / 生物工程学报

In Gram-negative bacteria, lipopolysaccharide transport (Lpt) protein LptA and LptC form a complex to transport LPS from the inner membrane (IM) to the outer membrane (OM). Blocking the interaction between LptA and LptC will lead to the defect of OM and cell death. Therefore, Lpt protein interaction could be used as a target to screen new drugs for killing Gram-negative bacteria. Here we used biolayer interferometry (BLI) assay to detect the interaction between LptA and LptC, with the aim to develop a method for screening the LptA/LptC interaction blockers in vitro. Firstly, LptC and LptA with or without signal peptide (LptAfull or LptAno signal) were expressed in E. coli BL21(DE3). The purified proteins were then labeled with biotin and the super streptavidin (SSA) biosensor was blocked with diluent. The biotin labeled protein sample was mixed with the sensor, and then the binding of the protein with a series of diluted non biotinylated protein was detected. At the same time, non-biotinylated protein was used as a control. The binding of biotinylated protein to a small molecule IMB-881 and the blocking of interaction were also detected by the same method. In the blank control, the biosensor without biotinylated protein was used to detect the serially diluted samples. The signal response constant was calculated by using steady analysis. The results showed that biotinylated LptC had a good binding activity with LptAfull and LptAno signal with KD value 2.9e⁻⁷±7.9e⁻⁸ and 6.0e⁻⁷±2.8e⁻⁸, respectively; biotinylated LptAno signal had a good binding activity with LptC, with a KD value of 9.6e⁻⁷±7.2e⁻⁸. All binding curves showed obvious fast binding and fast dissociation morphology. The small molecule compound IMB-881 can bind to LptA to block the interaction between LptA and LptC, but has no binding activity with LptC. In summary, we developed a method for detecting the LptA/LptC interaction based on the BLI technology, and confirmed that this method can be used to evaluate the blocking activity of small molecule blockers, providing a new approach for the screening of LptA/LptC interaction blockers.

Comparing the postoperative refractive predictability of Pentacam HR and IOLMaster 500 after a multifocal intraocular lens implantation / Comparação da previsibilidade refrativa pós-operatória do Pentacam HR e IOLMaster 500 após implante de lentes intraoculares multifocais

ABSTRACT Purpose: To compare the postoperative refractive predictability of IOLMaster 500 and Pentacam HR on the basis of keratometry and anterior chamber depth values in eyes with an indication for multifocal intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted on 118 eyes treated with phacoemulsification and multifocal intraocular lens implantation. Only the eyes that achieved emmetropia in the dynamic refraction performed on postoperative day 30 were included. Haigis' formula was used in each case to calculate the intraocular lens power, and the intraocular lens with the target refraction closest to emmetropia was implanted. Four lens calculation scenarios were tested by combining keratometry and anterior chamber depth measurements obtained using the two devices. Results: IOLMaster 500 and Pentacam HR differed with regard to mean keratometry (D 0.07 ± 0.03 D; p=0.0065) and anterior chamber depth (D 0.08 ± 0.01 mm; p<0.001). In the analysis of covariance, the following differences were obtained using the Haigis' formula when confronted with the biometric values obtained by inserting keratometry and anterior chamber depth values, respectively: Penta/IOL x IOL/Penta (0.13 ± 0.03; p<0.0001); Penta/Penta × IOL/Penta (0.13 ± 0.03; p<0.0001); Penta/IOL × IOL/IOL (0.11 ± 0.03; p=0.001); Penta/Penta × IOL/IOL (0.11 ± 0.03; p=0.002); IOL/IOL × IOL/Penta (0.02 ± 0.03; p=0.865); and Penta/IOL × Penta/Penta (0.002 ± 0.03; p=0.99). The difference was smaller when measuring the anterior chamber depth using the IOLMaster 500, regardless of which device was used to measure keratometry. Conclusions: Pentacam HR significantly differed from IOLMaster 500 when calculating keratometry. As regards the anterior chamber depth, the two devices were equally accurate.

RESUMO Objetivo: Comparar a previsibilidade refrativa pós-operatória do IOLMaster 500 e Pentacam HR com base nos valores de ceratometria e profundidade de câmara anterior nos olhos com indicação de implante de lentes intraoculares multifocais. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo realizado em 118 olhos tratados com facoemulsificação e implante de lentes intraoculares multifocal. Apenas os olhos que atingiram a emetropia na refração dinâmica no 30º dia pós-operatório foram incluídos. A fórmula de Haigis foi usada em cada caso para calcular o poder das lentes intraoculares, e a lente intraocular com a refração alvo mais próxima da emetropia foi implantada. Cenários de cálculo de quatro lentes foram testados pela combinação de medidas de ceratometria e profundidade de câmara anterior obtidas usando os dois dispositivos. Resultados: IOLMaster 500 e Pentacam HR diferiram quanto à média de ceratometria (D 0,07 ± 0,03 D; p=0,0065) e profundidade de câmara anterior (D 0,08 ± 0,01 mm; p<0,001). Na análise da covariância, as seguintes diferenças foram obtidas usando a fórmula de Haigis quando confrontadas com os valores biométricos obtidos pela inserção dos valores de ceratometria e profundidade de câmara anterior, respectivamente: Penta/IOL x IOL/Penta (0,13 ± 0,03; p<0,0001); Penta/Penta x IOL/Penta (0,13 ± 0,03; p<0,0001); Penta/IOL x IOL/IOL (0,11 ± 0,03; p=0,001); Penta/Penta x IOL/IOL (0,11 ± 0,03; p=0,002); IOL/IOL x IOL/Penta (0,02 ± 0,03; p=0,865); Penta/IOL x Penta/Penta (0,002 ± 0,03; p=0,99). A diferença foi menor ao medir a profundidade da câmara anterior usando o IOLMaster 500, independentemente de qual dispositivo foi usado para medir a ceratometria. Conclusões: O Pentacam HR diferiu significativamente do IOLMaster 500 no cálculo de ceratometria. Quanto à profundidade da câmara anterior, os dois dispositivos foram igualmente precisos.

Discovery of 1,2,3triazolo4,5-pyrimidine derivatives as highly potent, selective, and cellularly active USP28 inhibitors

Ubiquitin specific peptidase 28 (USP28) is closely associated to the occurrence and development of various malignancies, and thus has been validated as a promising therapeutic target for cancer therapy. To date, only few USP28 inhibitors with moderate inhibitory activity have been reported, highly potent and selective USP28 inhibitors with new chemotypes remain to be discovered for pathologically investigating the roles of deubiquitinase. In this current study, we reported the synthesis and biological evaluation of new [1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-]pyrimidine derivatives as potent USP28 inhibitors. Especially, compound potently inhibited USP28 (IC = 1.10 ± 0.02 μmol/L,  = 40 nmol/L), showing selectivity over USP7 and LSD1 (IC > 100 μmol/L). Compound was cellularly engaged to USP28 in gastric cancer cells. Compound reversibly bound to USP28 and directly affected its protein levels, thus inhibiting the proliferation, cell cycle at S phase, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) progression in gastric cancer cell lines. Docking studies were performed to rationalize the potency of compound . Collectively, compound could serve as a new tool compound for the development of new USP28 inhibitors for exploring the roles of deubiquitinase in cancers.

Anticancer drug discovery by targeting cullin neddylation

Protein neddylation is a post-translational modification which transfers the ubiquitin-like protein NEDD8 to a lysine residue of the target substrate through a three-step enzymatic cascade. The best-known substrates of neddylation are cullin family proteins, which are the core component of Cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligases (CRLs). Given that cullin neddylation is required for CRL activity, and CRLs control the turn-over of a variety of key signal proteins and are often abnormally activated in cancers, targeting neddylation becomes a promising approach for discovery of novel anti-cancer therapeutics. In the past decade, we have witnessed significant progress in the field of protein neddylation from preclinical target validation, to drug screening, then to the clinical trials of neddylation inhibitors. In this review, we first briefly introduced the nature of protein neddylation and the regulation of neddylation cascade, followed by a summary of all reported chemical inhibitors of neddylation enzymes. We then discussed the structure-based targeting of protein-protein interaction in neddylation cascade, and finally the available approaches for the discovery of new neddylation inhibitors. This review will provide a focused, up-to-date and yet comprehensive overview on the discovery effort of neddylation inhibitors.

Evolución de la biometría de coherencia óptica y las nuevas plataformas / Evolution of optical coherence biometry and the new platforms

RESUMEN La interferometría de coherencia óptica es un procedimiento esencial para calcular la potencia óptica de la lente intraocular. La presente revisión describe la evolución de la biometría óptica por interferometría, las nuevas plataformas, las características técnicas, los parámetros de calibración, la interpretación de los resultados y las situaciones especiales con indicación de cirugía de catarata. Para efectuar el trabajo fueron consultadas las bases de datos de la plataforma Infomed, específicamente en la Biblioteca Virtual de Salud, PubMed, Cochrane Database-Wiley Online Library, LILACS y Scielo. El IOL Máster favorece la medición de los parámetros biométricos oculares, ya que realiza mediciones sólidas y repetibles que incluye fórmulas de cuarta generación para el cálculo de potencia de lentes intraoculares. Actualmente se dispone en el mercado de varias plataformas para la biometría ocular usando los métodos interferométricos de alta resolución que tienen el potencial de mejorar significativamente los resultados refractivos. Estos estudios son de alta predictibilidad, lo cual permite obtener una buena agudeza visual y evita la sorpresa refractiva((AU)

ABSTRACT Optical coherence interferometry is an essential procedure for calculating the optical power of the intraocular lens. The present review describes the evolution of optical biometry by interferometry, the new platforms, technical features, calibration parameters, interpretation of results, and special situations in which cataract surgery is indicated. Information was collected from the databases on the Infomed platform, specifically the Virtual Health Library, PubMed, Cochrane Database-Wiley Online Library, LILACS and Scielo. IOL Master facilitates the measurement of ocular biometric parameters, since it performs solid, repeatable measurements that include fourth-generation formulas for the calculation of intraocular lens power. Several ocular biometry platforms are currently available in the market which use high resolution interferometric methods with the potential to significantly improve refractive results. These studies are characterized by their high predictability, making it possible to obtain good visual acuity and avoid refractive surprise(AU)

Effect of Serous Retinal Detachment on the Measurement of Axial Length in Central Serous Chorioretinopathy

PURPOSE: To evaluate the changes of axial length (AXL) in eyes with unilateral idiopathic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) after resolution of serous retinal detachment. METHODS: A total of 31 patients diagnosed with idiopathic unilateral CSC were included in this study. The changes of AXL according to serous retinal detachment were examined. The keratometric value and AXL were measured using partial coherence interferometry. Serous retinal detachment and central macular thickness (CMT) were measured by spectral domain optical coherence tomography. RESULTS: The mean age of the 31 CSC patients, including 19 males, was 42.7 years. The AXL was significantly increased from 23.41 to 23.58 mm after resolution of serous retinal detachment (p < 0.001). The CMT was significantly decreased from 413.4 to 226.8 µm after resolution of serous retinal detachment (p < 0.001). The differences in AXL correlated with CMT differences and subretinal fluid height (r = −0.616, p < 0.001 and r = −0.637, p < 0.001, respectively), and the best-corrected visual acuity was significantly different after resolution of serous retinal detachment (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In unilateral idiopathic CSC with serous retinal detachment, a shortened AXL in the acute phase was restored after resolution of serous retinal detachment.

Change in Axial Length in Highly Myopic Adults Using Partial Coherence Interferometry

PURPOSE: To investigate the change in axial length (AL) in highly myopic adults using partial coherence interferometry, and to identify the factors associated with the increase in AL. METHODS: Medical records of highly myopic adults (≥ −6 diopters [D] or AL ≥ 26.0 mm) were retrospectively reviewed. The AL of each patient was measured using partial coherence interferometry at least three times over 2 years, and the yearly change in AL was calculated. Associations between age, AL, choroidal thickness, and the rate of AL change were evaluated using multiple regression analysis. RESULTS: In total, 24 patients (4 males, 20 females) and 44 eyes were included in this study. The mean age was 54.9 ± 10.4 years, the initial AL was 29.335 ± 2.006 mm, the choroidal thickness was 72.7 ± 41.80 µm, the average spherical equivalent was −11.86 ± 3.85 D (−5.1~−22.0 D), and the mean follow-up period was 2.2 ± 0.5 years. A significant increase in AL of ≥0.05 mm was observed in 38 eyes (86.4%) at 2 years. The mean AL was significantly increased, to 29.409 ± 2.007 mm (p < 0.001), at 1 year and to 29.476 ± 2.028 mm (p < 0.001) at 2 years. The average rate of AL change was 0.071 ± 0.049 mm (−0.01~0.19 mm) per year. None of the included factors showed an association with the rate of AL change in multiple regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, an increase in AL in highly myopic adults was more frequent than in previous reports using A-scan. Periodic measurements are therefore recommended for the early detection of complications.

Evolution of lubricating adsorption films with protein aqueous solution under impact loads / 医用生物力学

Objective To study the dynamic growth of adsorption films on solid surfaces in point contacts with aqueous protein aqueous solutions and investigate the dominating factors. Methods The formation of the adsorption films within a ball-on-disc contact was measured using optical interference technique. The effects of impact loads, impact times and surface properties of the materials on the adsorption of BSA aqueous solution were also studied. Results Under dynamic conditions, the thickness of the adsorption film was much higher than that under static condition. The adsorption film was growing with increasing impact times and finally the stable thickness could be achieved. Small loads and hydrophobic materials were favorable for the growth of the adsorption film. The BSA adsorption film was easy to grow on the steel surface, but on the ceramic surface the adsorption film thickness was low. Conclusions The research about adsorbed lubricating films evolution of protein aqueous solution under impact loads is of clinical significance for treating and preventing of artificial prosthesis.

Evolution of lubricating adsorption films with protein aqueous solution under impact loads / 医用生物力学

Objective To study the dynamic growth of adsorption films on solid surfaces in point contacts with aqueous protein aqueous solutions and investigate the dominating factors.Methods The formation of the adsorption films within a ball-on-disc contact was measured using optical interference technique.The effects of impact loads,impact times and surface properties of the materials on the adsorption of BSA aqueous solution were also studied.Results Under dynamic conditions,the thickness of the adsorption film was much higher than that under static condition.The adsorption film was growing with increasing impact times and finally the stable thickness could be achieved.Small loads and hydrophobic materials were favorable for the growth of the adsorption film.The BSA adsorption film was easy to grow on the steel surface,but on the ceramic surface the adsorption film thickness was low.Conclusions The research about adsorbed lubricating films evolution of protein aqueous solution under impact loads is of clinical significance for treating and preventing of artificial prosthesis.

Three objective assessments of tear film / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#Assessing tear film properties is essential for the diagnosis of dry eye. Although tear film break-up time and Schirmer scores have been widely accepted, they are single-value parameters and unable to evaluate the dynamics of tear film in an interblink interval. We reviewed three non-invasive and objective methods, including corneal topography, interferometry and aberrometry. And we also discussed the differences between dry eye patients and normal people detected by these methods.

Correlation Analysis of Tear Film Lipid Layer Thickness and Ocular Surface Disease Index

PURPOSE: To analyze the relationship between ocular surface disease index and tear film lipid layer thickness (LLT) using a LipiView II® (LipiView® Ocular Surface Interferometer, TearScience®, Morrisville, NC, USA) interferometer. METHODS: Forty-nine patients diagnosed with dry eye syndrome were recruited for this prospective study. Patients completed ocular surface disease index questionnaires. We performed slit lamp examination, Schirmer test, corneal and conjunctival fluorescein staining, measured tear film break-up time, and graded meibomian gland dysfunction. Tear LLT, blinking time, and dynamic meibomian imaging were analyzed using a LipiView II® ocular interferometer. To control for missing data, we analyzed four sets of imputated data via the multiple imputation method and performed Pearson correlation analysis. Patients were assigned to one of two LLT categories (LLT < 60 or LLT ≥ 60) and Chi-square test was performed. RESULTS: Among ocular surface disease parameters, tear film break-up time (tBUT) had a statistically significant correlation with average and maximum LLT (average LLT; p = 0.008, 0.035, 0.006, 0.049, maximum LLT; p = 0.006, 0.042, 0.020, 0.049, Pearson correlation analysis with multiple imputation) but there was no significant correlation with minimum LLT (minimum LLT; p = 0.048, 0.090, 0.079, 0.039). Of the patients with a relatively thick average LLT or maximum LLT (LLT ≥ 60 nm), 80% and 88% had a tBUT < 10, respectively. Conversely, 39% and 47% of patients with relatively thin average LLT (LLT < 60 nm) had a tBUT < 10 (average LLT; p = 0.013, maximum LLT; p = 0.039). CONCLUSIONS: Average LLT and maximum LLT were significantly correlated with tBUT. Patients with a relatively thin average or maximum LLT tended to have a shorter tBUT. Based on these results, measuring tear film LLT using a LipiView II® interferometer may be useful in the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with evaporative dry eye.

Real-time Study of Interaction between Adenosine Triphosphateand Its Aptamer Using Dual Polarization Interferometry / 分析化学

In this work, we used dual-polarization interferometry to explore the binding events between adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and ATP-binding aptamer (ABA) at solid-liquid interface.The single-stranded ABA was immobilized onto the chip surface.After the addition of ATP, the real-time and label-free technique for detailed investigation of their interactions were reflected on the changes of the mass, thickness, and density through DPI.By analysis of the binding curves from changes in mass, the association rate constant (ka, 4.66×10.3 L/(mol·s), dissociation rate constant (kd, 1.70 × 10.-2 s.-1), dissociation constant (KA, 2.7 × 10.5 L/mol), and association constant (KD, 3.7 × 10.-6 mol/L) were precisely determined.Moreover, good linear correlations between ATP concentrations and three parameters (mass, thickness, density) resolved by the response to ATP binding were obtained.The detection limits (LOD, 3σ) were 0.22 μmol/L for mass calibration, 0.14 μmol/L for thickness calibration, and 0.32 μmol/L for density calibration.We expect that this DPI-based aptasensor can be utilized to study the interactions of functional ABA with ATP, and also can be used for the detection of ATP with high sensitivity.

Comparison of Intraocular Lens Calculation Formulas Measured by Immersion-Type A-Scan Ultrasound and Partial Coherence Interferometry

PURPOSE: To report the accuracy of intraocular lens (IOL) formulas according to axial length, anterior chamber depth, and mean corneal curvature when performing biometry with an immersion type A-scan with mannual keratomery and an IOL Master®. METHODS: Retrospective medical chart reviews were carried out for 82 eyes of 65 patients who underwent cataract surgery performed by a single surgeon. Biometry was performed using IOL Master®, mannual keratometry, and immersion type A-scan ultrasound in sequence. Prediction diopter was obtained using Sanders-Retzlaff-Kraff/Theoretical (SRK-T) and Holladay 1 formulas calculated with the biometric value measured by mannual keratomery and A-scan, and using SRK-T and, Holladay 2 formulas with IOL Master®. The final refractive outcome was determined as manifested refraction at least 7 weeks after the surgery, and it was compared with the preoperative prediction dipoter (D) of the IOL formulas. RESULTS: Mean axial length and mean keratomtric measurements as determined by A-scan with mannual keratomery showed significant statistical differences from those of IOL Master®. However, there was no difference in postoperative mean absolute error between biometric measurements, or among formulas according to axial length, anterior chamber depth, or mean corneal curvature. However, the percentage of actual refraction within ±0.50 D of the intended refraction was dirrerent among the four formalas according to axial length, anterior chamber dept, mean corneal curvature. CONCLUSIONS: Biometry measurement using the immersion-type A-scan with mannual keratomery is as accurate as that using IOL Master® for predicting the postoperative refractive state of cataract surgery. However, it is suggested that the best IOL formula be chosen according to axial length, anterior chamber depth, and mean corneal curvature.

Optical Coherence Tomography; A Modern Technique to Detect Oral Mucosal Lesion: A Review.

Early detection and management of potentially malignant oral lesions can significantly reduce progression of these lesions into invasive cancer, and would thus reduce morbidity and fatality rate. Cancerous and potentially malignant lesions show dysplastic feature which is mostly detected by biopsy. However, biopsy has a certain constraints like (i) biopsy can cause delay in the result, (ii) experienced pathologist must expound the biopsy sample (iii) sometimes can cause spread of cancer cells, (iv) cannot be done repeatedly. Therefore, in potentially malignant lesions and cancer optical coherence tomography (OCT) is utilized to detect early dysplastic changes. Therefore, we are presenting a review on the applications of OCT in oral mucosal lesions.

Comparison of Ocular Biometry and Postoperative Refraction in Cataract Patients between Galilei-G6(R) and IOL Master(R)

PURPOSE: To compare the axial lengths, anterior chamber depths, and keratometric measurements and to predict postoperative refractions of Dual Scheimpflug analyzer Galilei G6(R) and intra ocular lens (IOL) Master(R). METHODS: A total of 50 eyes in 50 patients who received cataract surgery were included in the present study. The axial length, anterior chamber depth, and keratometry were measured using 2 types of partial coherence interferometries (Galilei G6(R) and IOL Master(R)). The SRK/T formula was used to calculate IOL power and the predictive error which subtracts predictive refraction from postoperative refraction was compared between the ocular biometry devices. RESULTS: Axial lengths were 23.36 +/- 0.80 mm and 23.36 +/- 0.90 mm measured by Galilei G6(R) and IOL Master(R), respectively. Axial length measured by Galilei G6(R) was not statistically significant compared with IOL Master(R) (p = 0.321). The anterior chamber depth and keratometry were 3.22 +/- 0.35 mm and 44.29 +/- 1.40 D measured by Galilei G6(R) and 3.11 +/- 0.46 mm and 44.39 +/- 1.41 D measured by IOL Master(R), respectively. The differences of anterior chamber depth and keratometry between the 2 devices were statistically significant (p < 0.001 and p = 0.028, respectively). The mean absolute prediction errors were 0.45 +/- 0.37 D and 0.49 +/- 0.39 D in Galilei G6(R) and IOL Master(R), respectively and was not statistically significantly different (p = 0.423). CONCLUSIONS: The ocular biometric measurements and prediction of postoperative refraction using Galilei G6(R) were as accurate as with IOL Master(R).