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Esta pesquisa, de caráter qualitativo, procura compreender os movimentos de avanços e recuos pelos quais as políticas de saúde mental de Santo André (SP) passaram recentemente, época na qual a visão da Reforma Psiquiátrica e da sua contrarreforma se conflitaram. Seguindo essa proposta, após revisão de literatura na qual se reflete sobre as disputas em torno do conceito de saúde mental, a trajetória histórica dessas políticas no Brasil e no município, foram realizadas três entrevistas semiestruturadas com profissionais da área que atuam na região: a tomadora de decisão, um gerente de equipamento e um trabalhador de ponta. Tais entrevistas foram gravadas, transcritas e divididas em eixos de análise, dos quais extraiu-se que, de forma geral, tanto do ponto de vista federal quanto estadual, houve ataques à Reforma Psiquiátrica e às políticas dela oriundas, seja pela falta de financiamento, seja pela promoção de outras perspectivas de mundo a respeito do significado do adoecimento mental e sua forma de tratamento e que acabou por afetar o andamento dos serviços a nível local, cujo sucateamento só não foi maior pelo apoio do Executivo do município, dos trabalhadores e do próprio histórico de construção dos serviços.
This qualitative research seeks to understand the advance and setback dynamics that public mental health policies in Santo André city, São Paulo, have recently undergone, a time in which Psychiatric Reform and its counter-reform conflicted. After a literature review on the disputes surrounding the concept of mental health, the historical trajectory of these policies in Brazil and in the municipality, we conducted three semi-structured interviews with professionals in the field: a policy decision-maker, an equipment manager and a frontline worker. These interviews were recorded, transcribed in full and divided into axes of analysis. Results showed that both from a federal and state government point of view, there were attacks on the Psychiatric Reform and its policies whether due to lack of funding or promotion of other worldviews regarding the meaning of mental illness and its treatment which affected the progress of services at the local level, the scrapping of which was only mitigated by the support of the municipality's Executive, workers and the service's construction history.
Esta investigación cualitativa buscó comprender los movimientos de avances y retrocesos que las políticas públicas de salud mental han experimentado recientemente en Santo André (São Paulo, Brasil), un momento en el que la visión de la reforma psiquiátrica y su contrarreforma entraron en conflicto. En esta propuesta, luego de una revisión de la literatura que reflexiona sobre las disputas en torno al concepto de salud mental, la trayectoria histórica de esas políticas en Brasil y en el municipio, se realizaron tres entrevistas semiestructuradas a profesionales del área que actúan en el región: el tomador de decisiones, un administrador de equipos y un trabajador de primera línea. Estas entrevistas fueron grabadas para su posterior transcripción y división en ejes de análisis; de los cuales se concluyó que, en general, tanto desde el punto de vista federal como estatal hubo ataques a la reforma psiquiátrica y las políticas que de ella se derivan, ya sea por falta de financiación o por la promoción de otras miradas sobre el significado de la enfermedad mental y su forma de tratamiento, lo que terminó afectando la marcha de los servicios a nivel local, cuyo desguace solo se vio agravado por el apoyo del Ejecutivo del municipio, de los trabajadores y del propio historial de construcción del servicio.
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Introducción Los factores de riesgo psicosociales como determinantes de la salud en el trabajo pueden afectar tanto al bienestar físico como al bienestar psíquico del trabajador. En los sistemas de formación que incluyen contenidos cognitivo-preventivos, funcionan mejor cuando la construcción del conocimiento está basada en el neuroaprendizaje. El objetivo del estudio fue comparar el grado de procesamiento de contenidos con inserción de frases disuasivas (grupo A) versus inserción de frases persuasivas (grupo B), como efecto de una capacitación con aproximación al neuroaprendizaje de la salud psicosocial en el trabajo de un grupo de profesionales con seguro sanitario de la Amazonía peruana. Métodos Diseño experimental con pre/posprueba, que incluyó dos grupos experimentales más un grupo de control: n = 48 sujetos en total, 16 por cada grupo, con edades entre 22 y 36 años. La capacitación se desarrolló entre diciembre de 2018 y enero de 2019 con una duración de 18 horas, espaciadas en seis semanas. Para la recogida de datos se utilizó un registro previamente validado por cinco expertos. Resultados La distribución de datos en los grupos fue adecuada tanto en preprueba como en posprueba, excepto en posprueba del grupo B (p = 0,002). En el grupo control los resultados del procesamiento de contenidos, tanto preprueba como en posprueba, se mantuvieron similares (p = 0,667). El procesamiento de contenidos sobre salud psicosocial en el trabajo en posprueba fue significativamente diferente entre los grupos de intervención y el grupo control (p = 0,001), distinguiéndose el procesamiento de contenidos con inserción de frases disuasivas. Conclusiones Los resultados indican que la capacitación con aproximación al neuroaprendizaje, puede mejorar el procesamiento de contenidos con inserción de frases disuasivas para el cumplimiento de normativas orientadas a promover la salud psicosocial en el trabajo.
Introduction Psychosocial risk factors as determinants of health at work can affect both the physical and psychological well-being of the worker. Training systems that include cognitive-preventive content work best when knowledge construction is based on neurolearning. The purpose of this study was to compare the degree of content processing with the insertion of deterrent (group A) versus persuasive sentences (group B) as an effect of a training with a neurolearning approach to psychosocial health in the work of a group of professionals with health insurance in the Peruvian Amazon. Methods Experimental design with pre-/post-test, including two experimental groups plus a control group, n = 48 subjects in total and 16 per group, aged 22-36 years. The training took place between December 2018 and January 2019 with a duration of 18 hours spaced over six weeks. A register previously validated by five experts was used for data collection. Results The distribution of data in the groups was adequate in both pre-test and post-test, except in post-test in group "B" (p = 0.002). In the control group, the results of content processing in both pre-test and post-test remained similar (p = 0.667). The processing of psychosocial occupational health content in the post-test was significantly different between the intervention and control groups (p = 0.001), distinguishing the processing of content with the insertion of deterrent phrases. Conclusions The results indicate that training with a neurolearning approach can improve the processing of content with the insertion of deterrent phrases for compliance with regulations aimed at promoting psychosocial health at work.
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Objective:To investigate the situation of continuing medical education (CME) among obstetricians and gynecologists from Beijing's general hospitals at the secondary level or above in 2018 and 2023, and to provide a reference for standardizing CME for obstetricians and gynecologists in the future.Methods:We performed questionnaire surveys and interviews with 164 obstetricians and gynecologists in Beijing to investigate the status of completion of CME, the reasons for incompletion, the preferred modes to complete CME, and the preferred contents and forms of CME. SPSS 26.0 software was used for data analysis. The rate was compared using the chi-squared test.Results:Due to the impact of coronavirus disease 2019, the 2023 survey showed that 79 (48.17%) participants completed CME in an online mode, and 76 (46.34%) participants completed CME in an mostly online mode, with a significantly increased degree of satisfaction with CME compared with the 2018 survey ( P<0.05); 49 (29.88%) participants believe that online education is superior to traditional CME, and 69 (42.07%) participants believe that online education is comparable to traditional CME. The main advantages of the online education mode are flexible time and location and cost savings. "Hoping to improve my professional level" is the main purpose to participate in CME in both 2018 and 2023 surveys [124 (75.61%) vs. 127 (77.44%)]. "Professional skills and techniques" and "New advances in the specialty" are the contents of most interest. Conclusions:Obstetricians and gynecologists should raise the awareness to participant in CME. Relevant departments should establish a standardized system and an effective supervision and management mechanism, and take flexible education modes with the use of the Internet. Online education can achieve similar teaching effects and also improve learners' satisfaction.
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Objective:To explore the clinical characteristics and related socio-demographic factors of schizo-phrenia patients with different ages of onset.Methods:Totally 2 016 patients with schizophrenia aged 15 to 70 were selected according to the diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,Fifth Edition.All of the patients were interviewed by psychiatrists using the Mini International Neuropsy-chiatric Interview to diagnose schizophrenia,Clinical-Rated Dimensions of Psychosis Symptom Severity(CRDPSS)and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS)to assess symptoms.The cut-off points were 18 and 25 years old for three age groups,i.e.early onset(EOS),youth onset(YOS)and adult onset(AOS).Statistical analy-ses were performed by analysis of variance Pearson correlation analysis,and multivariate linear regression.Results:The early-onset patients had the highest total PANSS score(73.8±28.0)and CRDPSS score(11.7±5.4).Fe-male gender,high education level,Han ethnicity,early onset age,and slower onset of illness were negatively corre-lated with the total and dimension score of PANSS scale and CRDPSS scale(standardized regression coefficient:0.04-0.47),and income level and smoking were negatively correlated with those score(standardized regression coefficient:-0.04--0.14).Conclusion:Early-onset schizophrenia patients have more severe symptoms,and fe-male,high education level,early-onset disease,and chronic onset are the risk factors of symptom severity in patients with schizophrenia.
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Abstract Objective: This study aimed to compare results obtained with the DN4 (in-person interview) and DN4i (telephone interview) questionnaires in identifying neuropathic pain after fracture surgery. Methods: This study was methodological, using questionnaires administered in person (DN4) or via telephone (DN4i). The participants were at least 18 years old, underwent fracture surgery at a university hospital between January 2017 and July 2020, signed the Informed Consent Form (ICF), and could go to the Orthopedics and Traumatology Hospital. Pearson's correlation coefficient determined the agreement between the total score obtained during in-person and telephone interviews. The kappa coefficient evaluated the agreement between individual questionnaire items. Results: Of the 53 participants, 50 presented the same result for neuropathic pain screening in DN4 and DN4i, including 41 with a positive score for neuropathic pain and 12 with a negative score. The Pearson's correlation coefficient and kappa coefficient were r = 0.84. Conclusion: DN4 and DN4i presented a strong agreement between individual items of the questionnaires and the total scores obtained.
Resumo Objetivo: Comparar os resultados obtidos através do questionário DN4 com os do DN4i com aplicação via telefônica na identificação de dor neuropática após cirurgia de fraturas. Métodos: Este foi um estudo metodológico com questionário aplicado presencialmente (DN4) e por telefone (DN4i). Foram elegíveis os participantes maiores de 18 anos de idade submetidos à cirurgia de fraturas em um hospital universitário no período de janeiro de 2017 a julho de 2020, que assinaram o Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido (TCLE) e puderam comparecer ao departamento de Ortopedia e Traumatologia do hospital. A concordância entre a pontuação total obtida na aplicação presencial e por telefone foi avaliada por meio do coeficiente de correlação de Pearson. O coeficiente de Kappa foi utilizado para avaliar a concordância entre os itens individuais dos questionários. Resultados: Dos 53 participantes, 50 apresentaram resultado igual para rastreio de dor neuropática em relação ao DN4 com o DN4i, sendo 41 com escore positivo para dor neuropática e 12 com escore negativo. O coeficiente de correlação de Pearson e o coeficiente Kappa apresentaram r = 0.84. Conclusão: O uso telefônico do DN4i comparado à aplicação presencial do DN4 apresenta forte concordância tanto entre os itens individuais dos questionários quanto entre a pontuação total obtida.
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Humains , Mesure de la douleur , Entretiens comme sujet , Enquêtes et questionnaires , Syndrome douloureux régional complexe , Ostéosynthèse/rééducation et réadaptationRésumé
O presente texto apresenta uma entrevista com o professor Dr. Mauro Betti, cujo objetivo foi compreender como ele avalia o cenário epistêmico do campo da Educação Física brasileira. Logo, encontra-se na entrevista um itinerário do pensamento epistemológico de Mauro Betti, que abarca: 1) síntese do desenvolvimento epistemológico do campo; 2) avaliação dos embates dicotômicos entre os grupos dos giros linguísticos e dos grupos do resgate da ontologia realista; 3) análise da disposição atual da atividade epistemológica da área; 4) ponto de vista sobre a pluralidade; 5) relação dos autores clássicos da filosofia da ciência do século XX com a Educação Física brasileira.
This text presents an interview with Professor Dr. Mauro Betti, aiming to comprehend his assessment of the epistemic scenario in the field of Brazilian Physical Education. Therefore, the interview outlines Mauro Betti's epistemological thinking, covering: 1) synthesis of the epistemological development of the field; 2) evaluation of the dichotomous struggles between linguistic turn groups and groups focused on the rescue of realistic ontology; 3) analysis of the current disposition of epistemological activity in the area; 4) perspective on plurality; 5) the relationship of classical authors in 20th-century philosophy of science with Brazilian Physical Education.
Este texto presenta una entrevista con el Profesor Dr. Mauro Betti, con el objetivo de comprender cómo evalúa el escenario epistémico en el campo de la Educación Física en Brasil. Por lo tanto, la entrevista proporciona un itinerario del pensamiento epistemológico de Mauro Betti que abarca: 1) síntesis sobre el desarrollo epistemológico del campo; 2) evaluación sobre los enfrentamientos dicotómicos entre los grupos del giro lingüístico y los grupos del rescate de la ontología realista; 3) análisis sobre la disposición actual de la actividad epistemológica en el área; 4) punto de vista sobre la pluralidad; 5) la relación de los autores clásicos de la filosofía de la ciencia del siglo XX con la Educación Física brasileña.
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Objetivo: Explorar la percepción de enfermeros profesionales colombianos sobre la definición y las principales características de un entorno laboral saludable (ELS) para la práctica asistencial de enfermería en el ámbito hospitalario. Metodología: Estudio de tipo cualitativo descriptivo. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a nueve enfermeros profesionales reclutados mediante un muestreo no probabilístico. Las entrevistas fueron grabadas, transcritas literalmente y codificadas. A través de la organización y estructuración de estos códigos se logró establecer categorías y subcategorías. Resultados: Del análisis de los datos fue posible establecer una definición de entorno laboral saludable y se obtuvieron dos dimensiones (categorías) y diez características principales (subcategorías) del concepto. Conclusiones: Los hallazgos de este estudio permiten tener una mejor comprensión acerca de la percepción de los enfermeros colombianos sobre la definición y características esenciales de un ELS para la práctica de enfermería en el ámbito hospitalario. Estos hallazgos aportan al desarrollo de herramientas de medición de los ELS que se ajusten a las condiciones y a la realidad del ejercicio profesional en el ámbito hospitalario colombiano.
Objective: To explore the perception of Colombian professional nurses about the definition and the main characteristics of a healthy work environment (HWE) for nursing care practice in the hospital setting. Methodology: Descriptive qualitative study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine professional nurses recruited through non-probabilistic sampling. The interviews were recorded, literally transcribed and coded. Through the organization and structuring of these codes, it was possible to establish categories and subcategories. Results: From the data analysis it was possible to establish a definition of healthy work environment and two dimensions (categories), and 10 main characteristics (subcategories) of the concept were obtained. Conclusions: The findings of this study allow a better understanding of the perception of Colombian nurses about the definition and essential characteristics of an HWE for nursing practice in the hospital setting. These findings contribute to the development of HWE measurement tools that are adjusted to the conditions and reality of professional practice in the Colombian hospital setting.
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Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic imposed new challenge to the implementation of the National Leprosy Eradication Programme. According to national data, after lockdown due to COVID-19, there was a 29% reduction in total leprosy cases reported in the first quarter (April-June) of 2020 in comparison to 2019. Objectives: To explore the difficulties faced by different stakeholders of the National Leprosy Eradication Programme like policy makers, doctors, grass root level health workers as well as leprosy patients during COVID-19 pandemic with respect to programme implementation and access to leprosy care. Materials and Methods: Qualitative research was undertaken including two focus-group-discussions held among six leprosy patients diagnosed after lockdown and nine ASHA workers as well as six in-depth interviews of doctors, leprologists, and programme managers. Ethics committee approval was sought and informed consent was obtained from all participants. All focus-group-discussions were electronically recorded and the in-depth interviews telephonically recorded, transcribed and translated from Bengali-to-English. Transcripts were separately coded by researchers and thematically analysed with the help of Visual-Anthropac software version 1.0. Results: Solitary focus on COVID-19 control, capacity building and information, education and communication, leprosy case search & surveillance, co-infection among health workers, transportation issues were the themes explored from focus-group-discussions of health workers and ASHA workers. Similarly, the present study identified six themes from in-depth interviews of programme manager, leprologists, programme manager as diagnostic difficulty, operational issues, rehabilitation issues, capacity building & information education and communication activities and way forward. Limitations: The research reveals the perceptions of rural population of Eastern India with high leprosy prevalence, which might not be applicable for urban areas or low prevalent districts Conclusion: The solitary focus of the administration towards COVID and shifting the infrastructure and human resource only towards the management of COVID can lead to resurgence of the leprosy. Having an organised framework of operations, catering to the need of the front-line workers in rendering services, utilizing the digital platform and social media, and focusing on rehabilitation would be needed to overcome the crisis
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Background: Care giving of children with leukemia involves considerable stress and anxiety on the part of family caregivers. Although caregivers’ burden is a crucial predictor of the health of both the child and the caregiver, it is often overlooked. Aim and Objectives: The present study aimed to assess the burden faced by caregivers of pediatric leukemia patients attending a tertiary care hospital in West Bengal, to elicit their sociodemographic characteristics and patients’ profile, and to find out relationship among these, if any. Materials and Methods: The study was descriptive observational type with cross-sectional design. It was conducted among caregivers of pediatric leukemia patients. Data were collected from 38 caregivers using predesigned, pretested, semi-structured schedule, and patients’ records. Burden was measured using Zarit Burden Interview, which is a 22 item 5-point Likert scale. Data were compiled and analyzed in Microsoft Excel and Statistical Software for the Social Sciences 20.0 for statistical analysis. Sociodemographic and clinical variables were expressed as number, percentages, mean, and standard deviations. To find out the association between different factors and caregiver burden, a logistic regression model was used. P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Majority of the caregivers were the mothers of the patients (68.42%), and most of the families of caregivers belonged to lower middle class according to modified BG Prasad Scale. Half of the caregivers (50%) experienced moderate–to-severe burden according to Zarit Burden Interview. Association was found between burden experienced and duration of disease and treatment. However, socioeconomic status was found to be the most significant determinant of burden as per multiple logistic regression by ENTER method. Conclusions: Majority of the caregivers were having moderate to severe and severe burden, which was significantly more among people coming from lower socioeconomic status. Prolonged disease duration and treatment were also found to be associated with increased burden of the caregivers.
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Introducción. La investigación cualitativa busca comprender el sentido y la perspectiva de los individuos e indaga teniendo en cuenta el contexto. Este paradigma permite la interpretación y el estudio de los fenómenos desde su propia complejidad. En salud pública, la investigación cualitativa ha ganado terreno, pues permite estudiar aspectos subjetivos del proceso salud-enfermedad. Objetivo. Describir y analizar las investigaciones cualitativas en temas de salud pública publicadas en revistas colombianas entre el 2011 y el 2021. Materiales y métodos. Se llevó a cabo un estudio descriptivo sobre las investigaciones cualitativas en salud pública publicadas en revistas colombianas entre el 2011 y el 2021. Resultados. Se incluyeron 81 artículos. La revista con mayor cantidad de publicaciones fue la Revista de Salud Pública (44,4 %). El año con mayor producción correspondió al 2019 y el principal diseño fue la teoría fundamentada (17,3 %). En el 79 % de los artículos, las mujeres fueron el autor principal y la enfermería constituyó la profesión más frecuente de formación de pregrado. El tema más frecuente fue el VIH/sida (12,3 %), seguido por el cáncer (11,1%). En el 24,6 % de los estudios, se utilizó un software para el análisis. Conclusiones. Las investigaciones cualitativas en salud pública han tenido una dinámica variable en la producción científica entre el 2011 y el 2021. Pese a sus bondades, la adopción de programas informáticos para el análisis cualitativo es escasa. La enfermería se destaca como el área que concentra la mayor cantidad de estudios cualitativos en salud pública con aportes en temáticas como COVID-19 y VIH/sida.
Introduction: Qualitative research seeks to understand the meaning and perspective of individuals and investigates considering the context. This paradigm allows the interpretation and study of phenomena from their own complexity. In public health, qualitative research has gained ground, as it allows the study of subjective aspects of the health-disease process. Objective: To describe and analyze qualitative research on health issues published in Colombian journals between 2011 and 2021. Materials and methods: A descriptive study on qualitative health research published in Colombian journals between 2011 and 2021 was carried out. Results: Eighty-one articles were included. The journal with the highest number of publications was the Revista de Salud Pública (44.4%). The year with the highest production corresponded to 2019 and the main design was the fundamental theory (17.3%). In 79% of the articles, women were the main author and nursing was the most frequent profession of undergraduate training. The most frequent topic was HIV/AIDS (12.3%), followed by cancer (11.1%). In 24.6% of the studies, a software was used for the analysis. Conclusions: Qualitative research in public health has had a variable dynamic in scientific production between 2011 and 2021. Despite its benefits, the adoption of computer programs for qualitative analysis is rare. Nursing stands out as the area that concentrates the largest number of qualitative studies in public health with contributions on topics such as COVID-19 and HIV/AIDS.
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Santé publique , Recherche qualitative , Article de périodique , Entretien , Colombie , PériodiqueRésumé
Abstract Objectives: The aim of this study is to develop and validate a novel clinical report form in the format of a structured interview to enable the characterization of the Portuguese population of the Baixo Vouga region with different subtypes of nodular thyroid pathologies (NTyPs). Materials and methods: A structured interview was developed and to the best of our knowledge, this is the first structured interview built and validated for that purpose in Portugal. Results: This structured interview enables the identification of possible correlations between each subtype of nodular lesions and sociodemographic data, consumption habits and lifestyle, endocrine history, and family predisposition. Conclusion: The novel structured interview will simultaneously, enable a detailed characterization of the group of patients with nodular thyroid lesions and will support future metabolomic studies.
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Resumen Este trabajo se centró en el análisis respecto a la calidad y consistencia de una guía de entrevista, creada para estudiar las emociones en varones sin empleo, así como el método para la implementación de este instrumento. El objetivo fue develar cómo investigadores de dos grupos de investigación de dos universidades de México y Colombia aplicaron y probaron el uso de una entrevista semiestructurada con enfoque biográfico para develar emociones en un grupo de varones desempleados. El método involucró la aplicación y evaluación de la herramienta. La metodología se siguió en (N = 7 en Colombia + N = 14 en México) entrevistas con hombres sin empleo en dos ciudades latinoamericanas: Bogotá, Colombia y Guadalajara, México, por dos grupos de investigación, lo que permitió verificar la consistencia de la herramienta y la aplicabilidad durante el proceso investigativo. Los resultados indican la idoneidad y credibilidad de esta propuesta metodológica y guía de entrevista, probada y constatada en términos interdisciplinarios e interinstitucionales.
Abstract This work offers an analysis of the quality and consistency of an interview guide created to study the emotions in unemployed men, as well as the method for the implementation of this instrument. Our objective is to reveal how researchers from two research groups at two universities in Mexico and Colombia applied and tested a semistructured interview guide with a biographical approach to reveal the emotions in a group of unemployed men. Their methodology involved the application and evaluation of this tool and was followed in (N = 7 in Colombia + N = 14 in Mexico) interviews with unemployed men in two Latin American cities - Bogotá, Colombia and Guadalajara, Mexico - by two research groups. This application has allowed us to verify the consistency of the tool and its applicability during relevant research. Our results thus demonstrate the suitability and credibility of this methodological proposal and interview guide based on their testing and verification in interdisciplinary and interinstitutional contexts.
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Objective@#To formulate an evaluation scale on daily stressors with good reliability and validity for urban secondary school students, and to provide a tool for psychological stress assessment.@*Methods@#Based on steps of instrument development, a pool of items regarding the daily stressors of junior/senior high school students was constructed by combining existing scales of adolescent life events or stressors, and a preliminary survey was conducted for items analysis and dimension evaluation among 393 middle and high school students in 2 districts of Shanghai. Then confirmatory factor analysis of the scale was conducted among 2 949 students collected by stratified cluster sampling from 11 districts in Shanghai.@*Results@#The final 28 item daily stressors evaluation scale for urban secondary school students, with an overall Cronbach s alpha coefficient of 0.94, consists of 8, 7, 7, and 6 items for the four dimensions of academic stress, physical and psychological stress, interpersonal stress and family stress, respectively. The Guttman s split half reliability was 0.88, and the test retest reliability was 0.68. Total scores of the 28 items reflect general psychological stress level of participants, with higher scores representing higher stress intensity. The confirmatory factor analysis showed that the root mean squared error of approximation ( RMSEA ) and the standardized root mean square residual ( SRMR ) were both less than 0.08, while all fit indexes were above 0.8.@*Conclusion@#The Daily Stressors Evaluation Scale for Urban Secondary School Students, with good reliability, validity and model goodness of fit, can be applicable for urban secondary school students.
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It is of great significance to conduct investigations and research on party building work in public hospitals to promote high-quality development of hospitals.During the Theme Education period,through visits and research,it was found that due to weak political awareness,outdated infrastructure,and lack of assessment mechanisms,problems such as emphasizing sys-tems over implementation,emphasizing theory over practice,emphasizing business over party building,emphasizing forms over innovation,and emphasizing slogans over implementation were caused.The next step is to strengthen the ideological foundation,innovate the party building brand,encourage secretaries to compete,consolidate basic construction,and improve the supervision and assessment system to comprehensively enhance the hospital's service capacity,providing practical experience for the party building of public hospitals to lead the high-quality development of hospitals.
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Objective:To survey the competency characteristics of rural general practitioners using behavioral event interview.Methods:The competency characteristics of rural general practitioners were extracted by literature research method, and the behavior event interviews were conducted with 18 rural general practitioners nationwide from January to April 2019. According to the interview results, the items were modified and refined. On this basis, the benchmark competencies and excellent competencies of rural general practitioners were extracted.Results:A total of 45 885-second audio recordings and 174 523-word transcripts were obtained from the interviews. Eight identification competencies and 10 benchmark competencies were extracted. Identification competencies included "professionalism, altruism and dedication, love and compassion, visiting a patient at home, establishing good relationships, achievement-oriented, having expertise, and mastering community population dynamics and health status actively". Benchmark competencies included "diagnosis and treatment of common diseases, basic medical skills, learning consciousness and ability, solving medical problems with traditional Chinese medicine, health care for focal groups, rational administration of drug, referral services, managing chronic non communicable diseases, understanding health care system and related policies, and emergency treatment ability".Conclusions:This study preliminarily obtains the identification competencies and benchmark competencies of rural general practitioners. Managers can improve the service quality of rural general practitioners according to these elements.
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Objective:To analyze the impact of implementing regular supervision and communication based on employee needs in the management of head nurses on improving the nursing practice environment, for reference for improving the nursing proctice environment.Methods:In December 2020 and January 2022, convenience sampling method was used to select 5 nursing unit nurses from a hospital which implemented regular supervision and communication based on employee needs(January to December 2021) as the research subjects. The survey was conducted using the Gallup Q12 questionnaire(Q12 questionnaire), which included 12 items from 4 dimensions: basic needs, head nurse support, team cooperation, and self growth. At the same time, a focus group interview method was made to interviews 10 survey subjects regarding their regular supervision and communication experiences.Results:A total of 165 survey subjects were included in this study, including 77 before and 88 after the implementation.The average total score of the Q12 questionnaire increased from 53.75 points before implementation of supervision communication to 56.96 points after implementation, with a statistically significant difference( P<0.05). The scores of the four dimensions of basic needs, head nurse support, team collaboration, and self growth increased from 4.59 points, 4.41 points, 4.50 points, and 4.45 points before implementation to 4.84 points, 4.69 points, 4.75 points, and 4.75 points after implementation, with statistical significances( P<0.05). The interview results showed that supervisory communication can create a humanistic care atmosphere, enhance team cohesion, enhance self-efficacy, improve work efficiency, solve problems in a timely manner, and improve nursing quality. Conclusions:Implementing regular supervision and communication based on employee needs can strengthen the connection between the head nurse and nurses, and enhance nurses′ recognition of basic needs, head nurse support, teamwork, and self growth. It was conducive to creating a good nursing practice environment, meeting the emotional and growth needs of nurses, and improving their job satisfaction.
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Objective:To investigate the prevalence of anxiety disorder and its distribution,and related factors in adults in Ningxia community.Methods:Using the method of China Mental Health Survey,anxiety disorder was investigated with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview,and related factors were analyzed.Twelve-month prevalence and life-time prevalence and their distributions were calculated according to DSM-Ⅳ criteria.Results:A total of 4 085 respondents were interviewed in the survey.The 12-month prevalence rate of any anxiety disorder was 4.2％,and the lifetime prevalence rate was 5.6％.The 12-month prevalence rates of social phobia,special phobia and generalized anxiety disorder were higher in women than in men(P＜0.05).The prevalence of special phobia and any anxiety disorder in rural area was higher than that in urban area.Logistic regression model revealed that fe-male(OR=1.86,95％CI:1.32-2.64)had higher prevalence risk of anxiety disorder,and individuals with somat-ic pain had higher risk of anxiety disorder than those without(P＜0.05).Conclusion:Anxiety disorder is prevalent in Ningxia.It suggests that strengthening somatic pain community mental health service is necessary to develop tar-geted intervention programs among the high-risk population.
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Objective To construct a scientific and rational post competency model of human organ donation coordinators. Methods Based on the onion model, the index pool was initially constructed by literature research and behavioral event interview. The index system was screened, modified and improved using Delphi method. The weight of indexes at all levels was determined by analytic hierarchy process. Results The effective response rates of two rounds of Delphi expert inquiries were both 100%, indicating that the expert opinions were highly dependable. The experts' judgment coefficient (Ca), familiarity (Cs) and authoritative coefficient (Cr) were all above 0.7, indicating that the experts' opinions were highly reliable. The expert coordination coefficients (W) were 0.294 and 0.342 (both P<0.001), indicating that experts delivered coordinated opinions and yielded slight difference in understanding the importance of indexes. Finally, according to the "onion model" theory and experts' opinions, a set of coordinator's post competency model including 6 first-level and 55 second-level indexes was established, which comprised an index surface layer, a middle layer and a core layer. Among them, the core layer represented core professional values, the middle layer was personal quality and professional ethics and quality, and the surface layer was interpersonal communication capability, organizational cooperation capability and professional knowledge and lifelong learning capability. Conclusions The post competency model of organ donation coordinators established in this study consists of 6 first-level and 55 second-level indexes, which is highly effective and reliable.
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@#Introduction: Previous medication adherence studies primarily focused on the domains of non-adherence in hypertension treatment and less attention has been given on domains that encourage adherence to anti-hypertensive medications. The current study is aimed to identify the domains of adherence and non-adherence to anti-hypertensive medications among hypertensive patients in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Methods: Hypertensive patients from two public health clinics in Kuala Lumpur were invited for in-depth interviews until thematic saturation. Audio recordings from these interviews were transcribed verbatim. Transcripts were then analysed deductively with the guidance of the World Health Organization Medication Adherence Framework to extract the domains of adherence and non-adherence to anti-hypertensive medications. Results: Ten patients who were predominantly Malays and aged 34-73 years old participated the study. Patient-related (encompassing knowledge, attitude, belief and culture, lifestyle, personal barriers, self-efficacy, and cue to action), socioeconomic (encompassing social support), condition-related (encompassing nature of illness and presence of multiple co-morbidities), therapy-related (encompassing experience of receiving treatment, barrier in treatment, and side effects of treatment), and healthcare system (encompassing access to healthcare and healthcare center experience) domains were identified as central to the medication-taking behaviour of hypertensive patients. Conclusion: Sixteen codes of adherence and 22 codes of non-adherence to anti-hypertensive medications were identified, which were distributed across five domains (patient-related, socioeconomic, condition-related, therapy related, and healthcare system domains). These findings can help to inform future development of medication adherence questionnaires, individualised interventions for patients with adherence problems, and targeted health promotion programmes to reduce uncontrolled hypertension.
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Objective: We examined the descriptions of reference information regarding the dispensing process in the interview form (IF). If there was no description, we determined the test data’s availability from the pharmaceutical company.Methods: The survey targeted 78 drugs that complied with the new description IF guidelines, for regular tablets and capsules launched from April 2018 to December 2021. The survey was conducted between March 13th and June 14th, 2022. We investigated the reference information regarding the stability of the medications during the crushing and simple suspension method during dispensing.Results: Regarding the data related to the stability of medications during the crushing process, ten drugs were described as having “data available,” 18 drugs were to be “inquired individually,” 31 drugs had “no applicable data,” and 14 drugs had “no items.” Regarding the status of descriptions on the simple suspension method, ten drugs were described as having “data available,” 18 drugs had data that was to be “inquired individually,” 32 drugs had “no applicable data,” and 14 drugs had “no items.” Regarding the 35 drugs for which both the stability during crushing and the simple suspension method were listed as either “no applicable data” or “no items,” we contacted the pharmaceutical companies to inquire about the test data for the stability during the crushing and simple suspension method. We found that four drugs had “data available” on the stability of medications during the crushing process, while six drugs had “data available” on the simple suspension method.Conclusion: Many IFs that complied with the new description guidelines had items for reference information regarding dispensing. However, the test data’s description was not sufficient. Furthermore, even if there is no description of reference information regarding dispensing in the IF, we confirmed that the pharmaceutical company owns the test data.