Unilateral parotid gland Simultaneously primary two different pathological tumors: a case report and literature review / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#To explore the clinical manifestations, histopathological characteristics, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of simultaneous unilateral primary tumors of different pathological types in the parotid gland.@*Methods@#A case of simultaneous unilateral primary parotid gland tumors, i.e., adenolymphoma and basal cell adenoma, was reviewed and analyzed in combination with the literature.@*Results@#The patient discovered a lump in the right parotid gland area one month prior to presentation, and a tumor was palpated in the shallow lobe of the right parotid gland before surgery. According to MR images, the initial diagnoses were tumors of the shallow and deep lobes of the right parotid gland. The tumors of the deep and shallow lobes were excised with part of the gland, and the facial nerves were dissected under general anesthesia. Postoperative pathology revealed an adenolymphoma in the shallow lobe of the right parotid gland and a basal cell adenoma with cystic transformation in the deep lobe. The surgical effect was good, with no complications, and there was no recurrence after 1 year of follow-up. A review of the relevant literature showed that multiple primary tumors of the parotid gland can manifest as the simultaneous presence of two or more types of tumors on both sides or on one side, and the disease is mainly treated with surgery.@*Conclusion@#Multiple unilateral primary parotid gland tumors are rare. Imaging examinations need to be combined with clinical evaluations to prevent missed diagnoses. Surgery is the first treatment option, and patients with benign tumors have a good prognosis.

Analysis of intraoperative frozen section diagnosis of 1 263 pulmonary nodules / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Objective    To explore the key points and difficulties of intraoperative frozen section diagnosis of pulmonary diseases. Methods    The intraoperative frozen section and postoperative paraffin section results of pulmonary nodule patients in Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2021 to January 2022 were collected. The main causes of misdiagnosis in frozen section diagnosis were analyzed, and the main points of diagnosis and differential diagnosis were summarized. Results    According to the inclusion criteria, a total of 1 263 frozen section diagnosis results of 1 178 patients were included in the study, including 475 males and 703 females, with an average age of 58.7 (23-86) years. In 1 263 frozen section diagnosis results, the correct diagnosis rate was 95.65%, and the misdiagnosis rate was 4.35%. There were 55 misdiagnoses, including 18 (3.44%) invasive adenocarcinoma, 17 (5.82%) adenocarcinoma in situ, 7 (35.00%) mucinous adenocarcinoma, 4 (2.09%) minimally invasive adenocarcinoma, 3 (100.00%) IgG4 related diseases, 2 (66.67%) mucinous adenocarcinoma in situ, 1 (16.67%) atypical adenomatous hyperplasia, 1 (14.29%) sclerosing pulmonary cell tumor, 1 (33.33%) bronchiolar adenoma, and 1 (100.00%) papillary adenoma. Conclusion    Intraoperative frozen section diagnosis still has its limitations. Clinicians need to make a comprehensive judgment based on imaging examination and clinical experience.

Diagnostic Study of Multi-spectral Intelligent Analyzer in Diagnosis of the Infiltration Degree of Lung Adenocarcinoma / 中国肺癌杂志

BACKGROUND@#Lung cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world. The accuracy of intraoperative frozen section (FS) in the diagnosis of lung adenocarcinoma infiltration cannot fully meet the clinical needs. The aim of this study is to explore the possibility of improving the diagnostic efficiency of FS in lung adenocarcinoma by using the original multi-spectral intelligent analyzer.@*METHODS@#Patients with pulmonary nodules who underwent surgery in the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2021 to December 2022 were included in the study. The multispectral information of pulmonary nodule tissues and surrounding normal tissues were collected. A neural network model was established and the accuracy of the neural network diagnostic model was verified clinically.@*RESULTS@#A total of 223 samples were collected in this study, 156 samples of primary lung adenocarcinoma were finally included, and a total of 1,560 sets of multispectral data were collected. The area under the curve (AUC) of spectral diagnosis in the test set (10% of the first 116 cases) of the neural network model was 0.955 (95%CI: 0.909-1.000, P<0.05), and the diagnostic accuracy was 95.69%. In the clinical validation group (the last 40 cases), the accuracy of spectral diagnosis and FS diagnosis were both 67.50% (27/40), and the AUC of the combination of the two was 0.949 (95%CI: 0.878-1.000, P<0.05), and the accuracy was 95.00% (38/40).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The accuracy of the original multi-spectral intelligent analyzer in the diagnosis of lung invasive adenocarcinoma and non-invasive adenocarcinoma is equivalent to that of FS. The application of the original multi-spectral intelligent analyzer in the diagnosis of FS can improve the diagnostic accuracy and reduce the complexity of intraoperative lung cancer surgery plan.
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Intraoperative frozen section performance for thyroid cancer diagnosis

ABSTRACT Objective: A primary medical relevance of thyroid nodules consists of excluding thyroid cancer, present in approximately 5% of all thyroid nodules. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) has a paramount role in distinguishing benign from malignant thyroid nodules due to its availability and diagnostic performance. Nevertheless, intraoperative frozen section (iFS) is still advocated as a valuable tool for surgery planning, especially for indeterminate nodules. Subjects and methods: To compare the FNAB and iFS performances in thyroid cancer diagnosis among nodules in Bethesda Categories (BC) I to VI. The performance of FNAB and iFS tests were calculated using final histopathology results as the gold standard. Results: In total, 316 patients were included in the analysis. Both FNAB and iFS data were available for 272 patients (86.1%). The overall malignancy rate was 30.4%% (n = 96). The FNAB sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for benign (BC II) and malignant (BC V and VI) were 89.5%, 97.1%, and 94.1%, respectively. For all nodules evaluated, the iFS sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 80.9%, 100%, and 94.9%, respectively. For indeterminate nodules and follicular lesions (BC III and IV), the iFS sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 25%, 100%, and 88.7%, respectively. For BC I nodules, iFS had 95.2% of accuracy. Conclusion: Our results do not support routine iFS for indeterminate nodules or follicular neoplasms (BC III and IV) due to its low sensitivity. In these categories, iFS is not sufficiently accurate to guide the intraoperative management of thyroidectomies. iFS for BC I nodules could be an option and should be specifically investigated

Value of intraoperative frozen pathological examination in evaluating lymph node involvement in papillary thyroid carcinoma / 肿瘤研究与临床

Objective:To investigate the predictive effect of intraoperative selective lymph node frozen pathological examination on central lymph node metastasis in thyroid papillary carcinoma (PTC).Methods:A total of 721 PTC patients who underwent primary radical thyroidectomy and central lymph node dissection in Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University from January 2015 to June 2019 were selected. All patients underwent intraoperative selective lymph node frozen pathological examination. According to the paraffin section pathological diagnosis results, there were 449 cases of thyroid micropapillary carcinoma (PTMC) and 272 cases of non-PTMC. The association of the frozen pathological examination results of intraoperative prelaryngeal lymph nodes, anterior tracheal lymph nodes and paratracheal lymph nodes with the pathological results of postoperative central lymph nodes was analyzed in all patients and those with central lymph node positive confirmed by postoperative pathological examination in different groups stratified by tumor long diameter, including 192 cases in PTMC group, 142 cases in long diameter >1 cm and <2 cm group and 55 cases in long diameter ≥2 cm group; postoperative paraffin pathological results were treated as the gold standard. The sensitivity and false negative rate of intraoperative frozen pathological examination in the diagnosis of central lymph node metastasis were calculated.Results:There were 42.8% (192/449) and 72.4% (197/272) of PTMC patients and non-PTMC patients with central lymph node metastasis, respectively. Among 192 PTMC patients with central lymph node metastasis, the sensitivity of prelaryngeal lymph nodes, paratracheal lymph nodes and anterior tracheal lymph nodes was 28.1% (47/167), 61.4% (70/114) and 53.8% (91/169), respectively based on the intraoperative frozen pathological diagnosis. The sensitivity and false negative rate of intraoperative frozen pathological examination in the diagnosis of central lymph node metastasis was 72.4% (139/192) and 27.6% (53/192), respectively. Among 197 non-PTMC patients with central lymph node metastasis, the sensitivity of prelaryngeal lymph nodes, paratracheal lymph nodes and anterior tracheal lymph nodes was 49.7% (82/165), 51.6% (96/186) and 64.7% (112/173), respectively based on the intraoperative frozen pathological results. The sensitivity and false negative rate of intraoperative frozen pathological examination in the diagnosis of central lymph node metastasis was 84.8% (167/197) and 15.2% (30/197), respectively. The sensitivity of intraoperative lymph node frozen pathological results in the diagnosis of central lymph node metastasis for patients with thyroid capsule involvement in PTMC group, long diameter > 1 cm and < 2 cm group and long diameter ≥ 2 cm group was 81.7% (116/142), 81.7% (103/126) and 92.2% (47/51), respectively.Conclusions:Cervical central lymph node metastasis of PTC is common. Intraoperative frozen pathological examination of prelaryngeal lymph nodes, anterior tracheal lymph nodes and paratracheal lymph nodes can effectively predict whether the central lymph nodes are involved, and this hint is more obvious when the tumor long diameter is more than 2 cm and the thyroid capsule is involved.

Frozen section in the management of ovarian and uterine tumors: the past 5 years in a tertiary centre / Exame de congelação no tratamento de tumores uterinos e do ovário: experiência de 5 anos em um centro terciário

Abstract Objective Intraoperative frozen section (IFS) is a valuable resource, and its use in gynecological pathology has not been sufficiently emphasized. The main goal of the present study is to evaluate the reliability and agreement rates between IFS and the final paraffin section (PS) and determine how reliable IFS is. Methods A retrospective study of all IFSs performed on uterine tumors and suspicious adnexal masses between January 2012 and December 2016 (excluding metastases) at the department of obstetrics and gynecology of the Centro Hospitalar Tondela Viseu. Frozen versus permanent section diagnosis were compared regarding the histologic type of the tumor, and the depth of myometrial invasion. Results A total of 286 cases were eligible for the present study, including 102 (35.7%) IFSs of uterine tumors, and 184 (64.3%) IFSs of ovarian tumors. The overall rate of deferred cases was 5.2% (15/286). The accuracy of the diagnosis in cases of endometrial carcinoma was 96.25% (77/80). Among the ovarian tumors, misdiagnoses occurred in 2 cases (1.1%), corresponding to a borderline tumor (serous type) and a clear cell intracystic adenocarcinoma. Conclusion The IFS analysis plays an important role in selected situations and is associated to a high sensitivity and specificity in cases of ovarian and endometrial tumors. Its high accuracy is almost universally associated with the possibility of obtaining an optimal surgical treatment at the time of the first surgical approach.

Resumo Objetivo O diagnóstico intraoperatório por congelação é umrecurso importante cujo uso empatologia ginecológica não tem sido suficientemente enfatizado. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar as taxas de concordância entre o diagnóstico intraoperatório por congelação e o estudo anatomopatológico definitivo e determinar o quanto o diagnóstico intraoperatório por congelação é um método confiável. Métodos Um estudo retrospectivo de todos os diagnósticos intraoperatórios por congelação realizados em tumores uterinos e massas anexiais suspeitas entre janeiro e 2012 e dezembro de 2016 (excluindo metástases) no serviço de ginecologia e obstetrícia do Centro Hospitalar Tondela Viseu. Comparação do diagnóstico intraoperatório por congelação com o resultado do estudo definitivo em relação ao tipo histológico do tumor e profundidade de invasão miometrial. Resultados Um total de 286 casos foram elegíveis para o estudo, incluindo 102 (35.7%) tumores uterinos e 184 (64.3%) tumores ovarianos. A taxa global de casos deferidos foi de 5.2% (15/286). Entre os tumores uterinos, a acuidade de diagnóstico nos casos de carcinoma endometrial foi de 96.25% (77/80). Entre os tumores ovarianos, não se verificou concordância em 2 casos (1.1%), correspondendo a um tumor borderline do tipo seroso e a um adenocarcinoma de células claras intracístico. Conclusão O diagnóstico intraoperatório por congelação apresenta-se com um importante papel em situações selecionadas, sendo acompanhado de elevada taxa de sensibilidade e especificidade para tumores endometriais e ovarianos. A sua elevada acuidade diagnóstica encontra-se associada à possibilidade de obter um tratamento cirúrgico adequado na primeira abordagem cirúrgica

Clinical value of central lymph node dissection and intraoperative frozen-section examination in the treatment of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Objective: To evaluate central lymph node dissection (CLND) and intraoperative frozen-section examination in the treatment of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC). Methods: Clinical data and neck lymph node metastasis of 187 PTMC patients treated by the same surgeon from October 2012 to November 2015 in Department of Endocrine Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University were analyzed retrospectively. Results: Postoperative pathology inspection confirmed that 94 of the 187 patients were accompanied with lymph node metastasis in central region, and the metastasis rate was 50.2%. Furthermore, lymph node metastasis rate in central region was not associated with gender and age (P>0.05), but the metastasis rates of the patients with multifocal lesion, tumor diameter greater than 5 mm, capsular invasion, or tumor location in the lower third of thyroid lobe were higher (P<0.05). Twenty-two cases of the 69 patients who underwent CLND were confirmed to have lymph node metastasis in this region. When the number of lymph node metastases in the central region was greater than or equal to 2, the cases were accompanied by increased risk of lymph node metastasis in the cervical region (P<0.05). The diagnosis level of lymph node metastasis in central region by intraoperative frozen-section examination was relatively higher than current cervical lymph node-negative (cN0) standard (P<0.05), which had lower false negative rate (20.2%) than current cN0 standard (88.8%) and was highly consistent with the postoperative pathology in central lymph node metastasis diagnosis (K=0.765, P=0.000). Conclusion: PTMC has high lymph node metastasis rate in the central region. Regular CLND is recommended. Intraoperative frozen-section examination can accurately evaluate cervical lymph node metastasis to help guide operation scope of thyroid and cervical lymph nodes.

Clinical value of central lymph node dissection and intraoperative frozen-section examination in the treatment of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Objective·To evaluate central lymph node dissection (CLND) and intraoperative frozen-section examination in the treatment of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC).Methods· Clinical data and neck lymph node metastasis of 187 PTMC patients treated by the same surgeon from October 2012 to November 2015 in Department of Endocrine Breast Surgery,First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University were analyzed retrospectively.Results · Postoperative pathology inspection confirmed that 94 of the 187 patients were accompanied with lymph node metastasis in central region,and the metastasis rate was 50.2％.Furthermore,lymph node metastasis rate in central region was not associated with gender and age (P＞0.05),but the metastasis rates of the patients with multifocal lesion,tumor diameter greater than 5 mm,capsular invasion,or tumor location in the lower third of thyroid lobe were higher (P＜0.05).Twenty-two cases of the 69 patients who underwent CLND were confirmed to have lymph node metastasis in this region.When the number of lymph node metastases in the central region was greater than or equal to 2,the cases were accompanied by increased risk of lymph node metastasis in the cervical region (P＜0.05).The diagnosis level of lymph node metastasis in central region by intraoperative frozen-section examination was relatively higher than current cervical lymph node-negative (cN0) standard (P＜0.05),which had lower false negative rate (20.2％) than current cN0 standard (88.8％) and was highly consistent with the postoperative pathology in central lymph node metastasis diagnosis (K=0.765,P=0.000).Conclusion· PTMC has high lymph node metastasis rate in the central region.Regular CLND is recommended.Intraoperative frozen-section examination can accurately evaluate cervical lymph node metastasis to help guide operation scope of thyroid and cervical lymph nodes.

Facial basal cell carcinoma: the relationship between clinicopathologic analysis and safety surgical margin / 临床与实验病理学杂志

Purpose To study clinical pathological characteristics,margin status and its influencing factors in different type of facial basal cell carcinoma (BCC).Methods The histopathological features,margin status of the first frozen section and influencing factors was retrospectively analyzed,with review of the relevant literature.The primary outcome variable was the rate of initially positive frozen section margins.Multivariable Logistic regression was used to study histologic subtype,surgical margins,tumor size,location and other factors influence on the rate of initially positive frozen section margins.Results The pathological subtype is the major risk factor,the infiltrative (OR =4.463,95％ CI =1.919-10.380,P ＜0.05) and morpheaform (OR=5.018,95％CI=2.025-16.623,P＜0.05) had higher risk on positive surgical margin compared with the nodular.The rate of initially positive frozen section margins of nodular and superficial BCC at different margins were observed but the difference were not significant (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The pathological subtype is the major risk factor.Surgical excision with a 3 mm margin can achieve ideal results for nodular and superficial BCC in facial area.

Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis misdiagnosed as gallbladder carcinoma: an analysis of 42 patients / 中华肝胆外科杂志

Objective To study the clinical features of xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis (XGC),and to analyze the difficulties in the differential diagnosis of XGC with gallbladder carcinoma.Methods The clinical data of 42 patients who were diagnosed preoperatively as gallbladder cancer in our hospital from 2008 to 2016 were retrospectively analyzed.Results Of the 42 patients,upper abdominal CT scans were carried out in 38 patients,and MRI examination in 4 patients.Imaging findings showed unclear boundaries between the liver and the gallbladder in 37 patients,and unclear boundaries between the gallbladder and the adjacent tissues in 16 patients.In 11 patients,the regional lymph nodes were enlarged.22 patients had gallstones.All the 42 patients had gallbladder wall thickness of ≥3 mm.In 27 patients there were diffuse thickenings of the gallbladder wall,while in 15 patients there were only local thickenings.In 35 patients,inhomogeneous enhancement of the gallbladder wall was shown on CT enhancement scanning,and in 11 patients,there were low attenuation nodules in the gallbladder wall.All the 42 patients underwent surgical treatment.During surgery,dissection of the gallbladder triangle was difficult because of dense adhesion of the gallbladder with the surrounding tissues.In 32 patients,the gallbladder was adherent to the omentum,in 16 patients to the duodenum,in 12 patients to the colon,and in 8 patients to the stomach.In 30 patients,intraoperative frozen sections were carried out.Two patients were diagnosed to have early gallbladder cancer (T1a GBC).In 12 patients who did not receive frozen section during operation,6 patients were subsequently diagnosed to have XGC and 6 patients to have gallbladder cancer.The types of surgical treatment given to these patients were according to the intraoperative diagnosis or frozen sections results.After surgery,one patient each developed surgical site infection in the total cholecystectomy group as well as in the partial cholecystectomy group.In addition,one patient had bile duct injury and another patient had duodenal injury in the total cholecystectomy group.There was one patient who had residual biliary stone in the partial cholecystectomy group.The difference in the postoperative complication rates between the two groups was not significant (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions It is difficult to differentiate XGC from gallbladder cancer based on clinical and imaging findings.The final diagnosis still depends on histopathological examination.

Can We Omit Intraoperative Frozen Section According to the Result of the Preoperative Fine-needle Aspiration Cytology of a Thyroid Nodule? / 대한내분비외과학회지

PURPOSE: Fine needle aspiration (FNA) is a useful preoperative diagnostic tool for thyroid nodule because of the high sensitivity and specificity. The aim of this study is to determine the necessity of intraoperative frozen section (IOFS) after fine needle aspiration. METHODS: Data of 534 patients with a single thyroid nodule who underwent thyroidectomy from June 2006 to August 2013 were reviewed retrospectively. FNA was performed preoperatively in all patients and IOFS was performed selectively according to the intraoperative findings and FNA results. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of FNA and IOFS for malignant nodules were analyzed. RESULTS: The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of FNA for malignant nodules were 100%, 95.5%, 99.8%, 100%, and 99.8%, respectively. All nodules diagnosed as benign by FNA were reaffirmed as benign nodules by permanent sections. When the result of FNA was suspicious for malignancy, specific features of preoperative ultrasound, including hypoechoic, size<10 mm showed high positive predictive value and accuracy (98%, 86.9%, and 100%, 78.7% respectively). CONCLUSION: Performance of IOFS was not necessary when the result of FNA was consistent with malignancy or benign. However when the result of FNA was non-diagnostic or atypia, IOFS should be performed for more accurate detection of malignancy. When the result of FNA is suspicious for malignancy, IOFS is restrictively useful for excluding benign nodules using the features of ultrasound. In addition, IOFS is not useful in finding malignant thyroid nodules when the result of FNA is follicular neoplasm.

Exame intraoperatório por congelação na avaliação do linfonodo sentinela axilar no câncer de mama / Intraoperative frozen section assessment in the evaluation of axillary sentinel lymph node in breast cancer

INTRODUÇÃO: O exame intraoperatório por congelação tornou-se um procedimento de rotina na avaliação do linfonodo sentinela axilar no câncer de mama. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a acurácia e a sensibilidade do FS na detecção de metástases em linfonodo sentinela axilar e investigar o valor preditivo para metástases de variáveis, como idade dos pacientes, estadiamento, tipo histológico, grau e expressão do receptor de estrogênio do tumor. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Foram analisados, retrospectivamente, os resultados de 177 procedimentos de congelação. A idade dos pacientes e as características dos tumores foram organizadas em um banco de dados e a relação com a presença de metástases foi analisada. RESULTADOS: Foram detectadas metástases em 22 (12%) casos. Todas as macrometastases e uma micrometastases foram detectadas pelo método de congelação. Micrometastases adicionais foram identificadas nas análises pós-operatórias, cinco por coloração com hematoxilina e eosina (H) e três por imuno-histoquímica. O método de congelação mostrou acurácia geral de 95%, sensibilidade de 64% e especificidade de 100%. Nenhuma associação significativa foi observada entre a presença de metástases e as variáveis analisadas. CONCLUSÃO: Nossos resultados mostram que o exame por congelação possui acurácia e sensibilidade elevadas para a detecção de macrometastases; no entanto, é pouco eficiente na identificação de micrometastases. O uso de imuno-histoquímica melhora a detecção de metástases na análise pós-operatória. A idade do paciente e as características do tumor, como estadiamento, tipo histológico, grau e a expressão do receptor de estrogênio têm de valor preditivo baixo para metástases nodais em câncer de mama.

INTRODUCTION: Intraoperative frozen section analysis has become a routine procedure to evaluate the status of axillary sentinel lymph nodes in breast cancer. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the accuracy and sensitivity of FS in the detection of metastases in axillary sentinel lymph nodes and to investigate the predictive value of variables such as patients' age, tumor staging, histology, grade, and estrogen receptor expression. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We analyzed retrospectively the results of 177 FS procedures. The patients' age and tumor characteristics were organized in a database and the association with the presence of metastases was analyzed. RESULTS: Metastases were detected in 22 cases (12%). All macrometastases and one micrometastasis were detected by FS. Additional micrometastases were detected in post-operative analysis, from which five were determined by hematoxylin and eosin staining (H) and three by immunohistochemistry (IHC). FS diagnosis data proved to have an overall accuracy of 95%, sensitivity of 64%, and specificity of 100%. None of the analyzed variables showed significant association with lymph node metastases. CONCLUSION: Our results show that intraoperative FS is a highly accurate and sensitive method to detect macrometastases. However, it is inaccurate in the detection of micrometastases. The use of IHC improves the detection of micrometastases in postoperative analyses. The patient's age and tumor characteristics such as staging, histology, grade and estrogen receptor expression have low predictive value for lymph node metastasis in breast cancer.

La biopsia por congelación en las afecciones quirúrgicas de la glándula tiroides / Frozen section biopsy in surgical disorders of the thyroid gland

La presencia de un nódulo en la glándula tiroides continúa siendo un reto para los cirujanos. El riesgo de no detectar una neoplasia maligna persiste, incluso con la biopsia intraoperatoria por congelación. Varios autores opinan que esta produce un elevado número de resultados no concluyentes. La ecografía tiroidea y la citología con aguja fina, sumadas a la correcta evaluación clínica se han convertido en los pilares fundamentales que permiten un manejo más racional de los nódulos tiroideos. Objetivo: comparar los resultados de la biopsia intraoperatoria por congelación con la citología con aguja fina guiada por ecografía con la biopsia por parafina. Métodos: se realizó un estudio de corte transversal, de 331 pacientes operados por presentar afecciones de la glándula tiroides. Para el análisis se tomaron en cuenta los resultados verdaderos positivos, falsos positivos, verdaderos negativos, falsos negativos y los sospechosos o dudosos. A estos resultados se le aplicó la prueba de Galem y Gambino para obtener la sensibilidad, especificidad, valores predictivos y eficiencia de ambos procederes. Resultados: el 58 % de la serie correspondió a afecciones benignas y el 42 % a las malignas. La citología con aguja fina guiada por ecografía mostró especificidad (99,1 %), sensibilidad (99,2 %), valor predictivo negativo (99,2 %), eficiencia (97,1 %), y sensibilidad completa (99,2 %). Conclusiones: la citología con aguja fina guiada por ecografía resulta ser un proceder confiable para establecer el diagnóstico preoperatorio en los nódulos tiroideos...

"Thyroid nodules continue to pose a challenge to surgeons. The risk of not detecting a malignant neoplasia persists, even when an intraoperative frozen section biopsy is performed. Several authors are of the opinion that this test yields a large number of inconclusive results. Thyroid echography and fine-needle cytology, in combination with an appropriate clinical evaluation, have become the main pillars of a more rational management of thyroid nodules. Objective: compare the results of intraoperative frozen section biopsy with echography-guided fine-needle cytology with paraffin biopsy (PB). Methods: across-sectional study was conducted of 331 patients operated on for thyroid gland disorders. True positive, false positive, true negative, false negative and suspicious or doubtful results, were all taken into account in the analysis. The Galen and Gambino test was applied to these results to obtain the sensitivity, specificity, predictive values and efficiency of both procedures. Results: 58 % of the series corresponded to benign disorders and 42 % to malignant disorders. Echography-guided fine-needle cytology showed specificity (99.1 %), sensitivity (99.2 %), negative predictive value (99.2 %), efficiency (97.1 %), and full sensitivity (99.2 %). Conclusions: echography-guided fine-needle cytology is a reliable procedure to establish the preoperative diagnosis of thyroid nodules...

The diagnosis and management of renal angiomyolipoma / 临床外科杂志

Objective To inquire into the diagnosis and management of renal angiomyolipoma.Methods The 22 cases of RAML were studied restrospectively.Results The diagnosis accuracy was 54.5% for B ultrasound and 81.8% for CT,18 were diagnosed as RAML and 4 were misdiagnosed as renal cell carcinoma preoperatively,of which 3 were diagnosed as RAML based on intraoperative frozen section study.11 had been performed enuoleation,7 partial nephrectomy,3 nephrectomy and 1 radical nephrectomy. Conclusions CT is the first line imaging method for RAML.the cow fatty component,intratumor hemorrhage and small tumor are the main canse of misdiagnosis in RAML.careful analysis to clinical feature and imaging data,intraoperative frozen sect,ion study can avoid misdiagnosis.nephron sparing surgery is the best operative management.

The diagnostic value of B-ultrasound and CT in small renal tumor (report of 48 cases) / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic significance of B-ultrasound and CT in small renal tumor (≤3 cm). Methods The clinical data of 48 patients (29 men and 19 women) with small renal tumor were reviewed.Their mean age was 49 years.Of them,43 cases were asymptomatic,while 2 complained of hematuria,2 of lumbago and 1 of hematuria with lumbago.B-ultrasound, conventional CT,helical CT thin scan and intraoperative frozen section were evaluated. Results Of the 48 cases,36 of renal cell carcinoma (RCC),7 of renal angiomyolipoma (RAML),4 of oncocytic adenoma and 1 of metanephric adenoma were diagnosed by pathology after surgery.The diagnostic accuracy was 75%(36/48) for B-ultrasound,81%(39/48) for conventional CT,91%(20/22) for helical CT thin scan and 95%(19/20) for intraoperative frozen section,respectively. Conclusions Small renal tumor has high incidental rate as well as high benign rate.As the tumor is relatively smaller, it is difficult to differentiate between benign and malignant nature of the tumor by B-ultrasound and conventional CT.Helical CT thin scan and intraoperative frozen section are helpful for accurate diagnosis of the tumor.

Laparoscopically assisted surgical staging in endometrial cancer / 대한산부인과학회잡지

This paper reports our experiences in laparoscopically assisted surgical staging (LASS) to manage the patients with early-stage endometrial cancer. From March 1996 to March 1999, we performed LASS in 6 patients with clincal stage I adenocarcinoma of the endometrium. We performed laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy (LAVH) with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO) and intraoperative frozen-section (IFS) diagnosis. The depth of myometrial invasion, tumor differentiation, histologic types, cervical invasion, and adnexal involvement were determined by IFS diagnosis. Laparoscopic pelvic and/or para-aortic lymphadenectomies were performed based on the grade of the tumor and depth of myometrial invasion. One patient was discovered to have tumor metastases in pelvic peritoneum and uterosacral ligaments, and underwent only para-aortic lymphadenectomy for determining field of radiation therapy. 2 out of 5 patients only underwent LAVH with BSO and peroitoneal washing cytology. Three other patients underwent LAVH with BSO, peritoneal washing cytology and pelvic lymphadenectomy because they were identified by IFS diagnosis as intermediate risk group for nodal metastasis. The mean age of the patients was 46.4 years. Total length of the operation time ranged from 100 minutes to 305 minutes and the mean was 187.5 minutes. The mean hemoglobin decrement after the surgery was 0.9 gm/dl. No one recieved blood transfusion. The average number of pelvic and para-aortic lymph nodes removed were 16.7 and 18, respectively. After the surgery, the patients passed gas after an average of 2.0 days and urinated urine after an average of 3.8 days. No one had complication after LASS. Based on our experiences, LASS might be an alternative to the traditional surgical approach in patients with early-stage endometrial carcinoma.