Preliminary study on Q-markers of anti-tumor activity extracts of Polygonum orientale / 中草药

Objective: Based on the concept of quality marker (Q-marker), the components and the quality of the ethyl acetate extract of Polygonum orientale (POEa) was analyzed and studied. Methods: Firstly, the components of POEa were identified using the UPLC-ESI-HRMS method and standard compounds. Secondly, the main active compounds were determined by HPLC. Antitumor activities of these compounds were reviewed and its Q-marker was predicted. Finally, we evaluated the effects of POEa and the compound of gallic acid, isoquercetin, valerin, vitexin, luteolin, and quercetin on proliferation, apoptosis and migration of A549 cells. Results: A new quality method for simultaneous determining these six compounds of POEa was established. The six chemical ingredients were detected in each sample and the total content was more than 10%. The number of apoptotic cells in A549 cells treated with POEa and six chemical mixtures were all substantial increased, and the migration amount were significantly decreased. Tow groups showed no significantly differeances. Conclusion: The six components are scientific and reasonable to be considered as potential Q-marker represented the anti-tumor activity of POEa. The HPLC method can be used as accurate and stable quality control strategy of POEa.

Quality evaluation of Cyclocarya paliurus from different habitats by fingerprint and multi-component quantification combined with chemical pattern recognition / 中草药

Objective: Based on the method of UPLC fingerprint, multi-component quantification and chemical pattern recognition, the quality of Cyclocarya paliurus from different producing areas was evaluated to provide basis for further development and utilization. Methods: The UPLC fingerprints of 20 batches of C. paliurus from different habitats in five provinces were established to determine the common peaks. Three chemical components were identified and the content of the samples was determined by comparison with the reference materials. Cluster analysis and principal component analysis were carried out by SPSS 22.2 and SIMCA software. Results: A total of 16 chromatographic peaks were selected as the common peaks of the fingerprint, 20 batches of C. paliurus could be divided into six categories by cluster analysis, and the results of principal component analysis and cluster analysis were basically the same; By principal component analysis, the cumulative variance contribution rate of the five principal component factors was 86.765%. The quality of S14 and S15 samples from Enshi, Hubei Province was the best, and S4, S5, S8, and S16 of Xiushui, Jiangxi Province were the second. The content of isoquercetin, quercitrin and afzelin were 0.360%-0.884%, 0.263%-1.097%, and 0.092%-0.403%, respectively, among which the total content of S4, S8, S14, and S15 were the top 4, and that of S18 and S20 was in the last two places. Conclusion: Combined with fingerprint, cluster analysis and principal component analysis, we can evaluate the quality of C. paliurus more comprehensively. Isoquercetin, quercitrin and afzelin can be used as the index components for C. paliurus quality control.

Evaluation on content difference of multi-index components between Yao medicine Young Leonurus heterophyllus and Leonurus japonicus / 中草药

Objective: To study the content difference of multi-index components between Yao medicine Young Leonurus heterophyllus (YLH) and Leonurus japonicus, and evaluate the quality with the content. Methods: A high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was established for the simultaneous content determination of five chemical constituents of chlorogenic acid, leonurine hydrochloride, rutin, hyperin and isoquercitrin in Yao medicine YLH and Leonurus japonicus. SPSS 25.0 statistical software was used to conduct paired samples t-test and one-way ANOVA to infer the content differences among the samples. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to evaluate the quality of medicinal materials. Results: T-test results of paired samples of Yao medicine YLH and Leonurus japonicus showed that there was significant difference in rutin content among the five chemical constituents, with no significant difference in other constituents. The results of one-way ANOVA analysis showed that there were significant differences in five chemical constituents of Yao medicine YLH and Leonurus japonicus from different habitats (P < 0.01). The results of principal component analysis showed that the higher scores of Leonurus japonicus from different habitats were from Nanning and Yulin, with the lowest in Shangsi County. Conclusion: There is a significant difference between the content of Yao medicine YLH and Leonurus japonicus. The quality of medicinal materials from Nanning and Yulin is better. The results provide data support for the comparison of the content between two kinds of Leonurus heterophyllus and Leonurus japonicus from different habitats.

Antidiabetic activity evaluation of Onobrychis species on alloxan-induced diabetic mice

In the current study, four Onobrychis species, O. albiflora Hub.-Mor., O. argyrea Boiss. subsp. argyrea Boiss., O. galegifolia Boiss., and O. tournefortii (Willd.) Desv. were collected from Anatolia to be evaluated for their antidiabetic activities. Methanol water extracts of the aerial parts were used for experiments. An alloxan-induced diabetic mice test model was used. Phytochemical analysis of the tested extracts was investigated using the HPLC method. The highest activity was observed with treatment of O. albiflora aerial part extract. Significant decrements were detected in the blood glucose levels as follows: 180.83±47.48 and 252.83±50.47mg/dL at 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg doses of O. albiflora, respectively, when compared to the isotonic saline solution control group, eliciting a blood glucose level of 494.20±27.32. Among the tested standard compounds, rutin and isoquercetin were detected in the examined species. The highest amount of rutin (1.1981±0.0017%) and isoquercetin (0.7318±0.0197%) were found in O. albiflora and O. argyrea subsp. argyrea, respectively. Antidiabetic activities of the tested Onobrychis species seem to indicate a possible correlation with their rutin and isoquercetin contents. Therefore, rutin and isoquercetin may be the antidiabetic compounds that contribute to the antidiabetic activity of the tested Onobrychis species.

Variation analysis of flavonoids cotents and nitric oxide production inhibition in different parts from Hypericum perforatum / 中草药

Objective To provide a chemometric analytical approach for different parts classification from Hypericum perforatum using ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) combined with chemometrics methods. Methods The ACQUITY UPLC® BEH C18 (50 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) column was used, and 0.2% formic acid aqueous solution-acetonitrile as gradient elution system. The chromatograms information of different parts that including flower, fruit, leaf, stem and root from Hypericum perforatum L. was collected. The original data were pretreated by centralization and normalization, analyzed by partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and PLS-tree cluster analysis, and monitored by the half inhibition concentratiom of nitric oxide (NO) production activity as an anti-inflammatory factor, in order to evaluate the similarities and differences in flavonoids cotents and nitric oxide production inhibition in different parts from H. perforatum. Results All the calibration curves of 6 flavonoids showed good linearity in each range with correlation coefficients greater than 0.999 that had good precision, repeatability and stability, and the average recovery ranged from 97.28% to 102.84%. By PLS-DA and PLS-tree, according to the data of flavonoids contents and NO product inhibition activities, it showed the quality of leaf > flower > stem > fruit > root for H. perforatum. Conclusion The established method suggested that an appropriate harvest part of H. perforatum is the stem part on the ground.

Transformation of trollioside and isoquercetin by human intestinal flora in vitro / 中国天然药物

The present study was designed to determine the intestinal bacterial metabolites of trollioside and isoquercetin and their antibacterial activities. A systematic in vitro biotransformation investigation on trollioside and isoquercetin, including metabolite identification, metabolic pathway deduction, and time course, was accomplished using a human intestinal bacterial model. The metabolites were analyzed and identified by HPLC and HPLC-MS. The antibacterial activities of trollioside, isoquercetin, and their metabolites were evaluated using the broth microdilution method with berberine as a positive control, and their potency was measured as minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). Our results indicated that trollioside and isoquercetin were metabolized by human intestinal flora through O-deglycosylation, yielding aglycones proglobeflowery acid and quercetin, respectively The antibacterial activities of both metabolites were more potent than that of their parent compounds. In conclusion, trollioside and isoquercetin are totally and rapidly transformed by human intestinal bacteria in vitro and the transformation favors the improvement of the antibacterial activities of the parent compounds.