Résumé
A flexibilização espaço-temporal do trabalho tornou-se comum nas empresas privadas e públicas brasileiras após o advento da pandemia de COVID-19. O presente estudo objetivou analisar por meio da aplicação de um questionário de pesquisa as percepções dos pesquisadores da Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa), após um ano atuando sob regime de teletrabalho, em relação às características laborais, sociais, produtivas e de contexto do trabalho, bem como aos benefícios, desafios e expectativas futuras associadas a esse modelo de trabalho. O público-alvo do estudo englobou 487 pesquisadores científicos (mestres, doutores e pós-doutores) da empresa pública alocados em 32 cidades amplamente distribuídas no território brasileiro. As percepções dos participantes da pesquisa em relação ao teletrabalho foram altamente positivas, refletindo-se em aumento de produtividade laboral e ganhos na autonomia do trabalho e na qualidade de vida. As expectativas revelam o desejo da maioria dos pesquisadores da Embrapa de manterem o regime de trabalho flexível, especialmente na modalidade híbrida.
The space-time flexibilization of work became common in private and public Brazilian companies after the advent of the COVID-19 pandemic. The objective of this study was to analyze, through a survey questionnaire, the researchers' perceptions at the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa) about work, social, and labor productivity characteristics related to the teleworking adopted over the course of a year in the company. The target audience of the study included 487 scientific researchers (master, doctor and post-doc level) from the public company located in 32 cities, widely distributed throughout the Brazilian territory. The perceptions of the research participants were highly positive in relation to teleworking, with reflections on labor productivity enhancement and gains related to work autonomy and quality of life. Also, the future expectations about teleworking reveal the desire of a majority of the Embrapa researchers to maintain a flexible working arrangement, particularly based on a hybrid model.
La flexibilización espacio-temporal del trabajo se hizo común en las empresas públicas y privadas brasileñas con el advenimiento de la pandemia COVID-19. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar, mediante la aplicación de un cuestionario de encuesta, las percepciones de los investigadores de Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa), luego de un año de trabajo en régimen de teletrabajo, en relación a las características laborales, sociales, productivas y del contexto laboral, así como los beneficios, desafíos y expectativas futuras asociadas a este modelo de trabajo. El público objetivo del estudio incluyó a 487 investigadores científicos (con maestrías, doctorados y postdoctorados) de la empresa pública ubicados en 32 ciudades ampliamente distribuidas en el territorio brasileño. Las percepciones de los participantes de la investigación en relación con el teletrabajo fueron altamente positivas, reflejando un aumento en la productividad laboral y beneficios en la autonomía laboral y la calidad de vida. Las expectativas revelan el deseo de la mayoría de los investigadores de Embrapa de mantener el régimen de trabajo flexible, especialmente en la modalidad híbrida.
Résumé
The purpose of this study were to a) investigate operation of human resource in contract foodservice management company (CFMC), b) identify the staffing indices for the establishment an labor productivity for CFMC, and c) develop standardized model of staffing demand as foodservice's scale in CFMC. The data was collected using FS intra-net system from 138 contract-managed foodservice operations in A CFMC and statistical analysis was completed using the SAS/win package (ver. 8.0) for description analysis, ANOVA, Duncan multiple comparison, pearson correlation analysis, and regression analysis. The types of operation were included factory (45%), small scale operation (26%), office (11%), department store (10%), training institute (4%), and hospital (3%). The distribution of foodservice scale was classified by meal served was as follows; 'less than 500 meals (47%)', 'from 500 to 1500 meals (25%)', 'from 1500 to 2500 meals (17%)', and 'more than 2500 meals (12%)'. There was two types of contract method, fee-contract (53%) and profit-and-loss contract (46%). Some variables were significantly high operation indices such as selling price, food cost, monthly sales, net profit and others were significantly low operation indices such as labor, meal time a day in the small foodservice on meal scale (p < .001). The more foodservice was large, the more human resource was disposed on dietitian, cook, cooking employee altogether (p < .001). Foodservice in A CFMC was divided into 2 groups by 500 meals a day, according to comparative analysis of labor productivity as meal scale per working hour, meal scale a day and operation indices as meal per foodservice employee, meal per cooking employee (p < .001). The regression equation model was developed as 'the number of employees=1.82 + 0.014 x meal served' in the operation of less than 500 meals, 'the number of employees=9.42 + 0.013 x meal scale a day-0.94 x meal scale per working hour' in the operation over 500 meal scale using labor productivity indices and operation indices. Therefore, CFMC could be enhanced efficiency of human resource arrangement using the standardized model of staffing demand and would be increased effectiveness of profit.