Alanyl-glutamine protects the intestinal barrier function in trained rats against the impact of acute exhaustive exercise

Strenuous exercise triggers deleterious effects on the intestinal epithelium, but their mechanisms are still uncertain. Here, we investigated whether a prolonged training and an additional exhaustive training protocol alter intestinal permeability and the putative effect of alanyl-glutamine (AG) pretreatment in this condition. Rats were allocated into 5 different groups: 1) sedentary; 2 and 3) trained (50 min per day, 5 days per week for 12 weeks) with or without 6 weeks oral (1.5 g/kg) AG supplementation; 4 and 5) trained and subjected to an additional exhaustive test protocol with or without oral AG supplementation. Venous blood samples were collected to determine gasometrical indices at the end of the 12-week protocol or after exhaustive test. Lactate and glucose levels were determined before, during, and after the exhaustive test. Ileum tissue collected after all experimental procedures was used for gene expression analysis of Zonula occludens 1 (ZO-1), occludin, claudin-2, and oligopeptide transporter 1 (PepT-1). Intestinal permeability was assessed by urinary lactulose/mannitol test collected after the 12-week protocol or the exhaustive test. The exhaustive test decreased pH and base excess and increased pCO2. Training sessions delayed exhaustion time and reduced the changes in blood glucose and lactate levels. Trained rats exhibited upregulation of PEPT-1, ZO-1, and occludin mRNA, which were partially protected by AG. Exhaustive exercise induced intestinal paracellular leakage associated with the upregulation of claudin-2, a phenomenon protected by AG treatment. Thus, AG partially prevented intestinal training adaptations but also blocked paracellular leakage during exhaustive exercise involving claudin-2 and occludin gene expression.

Correlations among different measurement indicators of intestinal barrier / 中华临床营养杂志

Objective To study several measuring methods of the intestinal mucosa barrier and evaluate the correlation between different methods for determining the intestinal damage.Methods Sixteen specific pathogen free (SPF) male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups:the Control group (n =8) and the ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) group (n =8).After adaptive feeding for 5 days,I/R group was put into ischemia model for 60 min and the Control group was merely opened on its abdominal wall but without ischemia for 60 min.After having been fed for another day,all rats were killed and specimens were collected.The plasma diamine oxidase (DAO),D-lactate (D-LAC),endotoxin,and glutamine (Gln) levels were detected,and the intestinal mucosal morphology was observed.The intestinal permeability (L/M) was detected 1 day before and after the surgery.Results The plasma DAO,D-LAC,and endotoxin levels were significantly higher in I/R group compared with the Control group (DAO:(0.498 ±0.032) vs (0.247 ±0.051) U/ml,t=-11.790,P=0.000; D-LAC:(5.47±1.55) vs (3.83±0.63) mg/L,t=-2.757,P=0.022; endotoxin:(0.0395±0.002 8) vs (0.025 6 ±0.004 5) EU/ml,t =-7.377,P =0.000).The plasma Gln concentration was significantly lower than that in the Control group [(646.12 ± 34.75) vs (839.13 ± 163.76) μmol/L,t =3.261,P =0.012).The L/M value on the 1 st postoperative day was significantly higher than that in the I/R group [(3.63 ±2.09) vs (1.22 ±0.66),t =-3.118,P =0.013)].The jejunum mucosal thickness,jejunum villus height,ileal mucosal thickness,and ileal villus height were significantly lower in I/R group compared with the Control group after operation [(329.80 ±64.68) vs (512.82 ±38.41) μm,t=6.881,P=0.000; (253.06±69.33) vs (386.79±56.39) μm,t=4.232,P=0.001; (205.89± 18.71) vs (335.29±27.71) μm,t=10.945,P=0.000; (135.61 ±22.30) vs (253.18±31.02) μm,t =8.705,P =0.000].After intestinal ischemia/reperfusion,DAO,D-LAC,endotoxin and L/M were all increased and positively correlated with each other.The plasma concentration of Gln and the morphological changes of jejunum and ileum were negatively correlated with DAO,D-LAC,endotoxin,and L/M,respectively.Conclusions After intestinal ischemia/rcperfusion,the levels of all examination indicators obviously change and correlate with each other.The DAO,D-LAC,endotoxin,and L/M are positively related to each other and negatively correlated with the intestinal barrier function.Gln is positively correlated with small intestinal mucosal morphology and negatively correlated with others,respectively.

Intestinal Permeability in Normally Nourished and Malnourished Children with and without Diarrhea.

We evaluated the association between diarrhea, malnutrition and intestinal function using the lactulose-mannitol test. Our study showed that a third of all children have abnormal intestinal permeability, there was an expected increase of permeability in children with acute diarrhea and alteration in intestinal permeability was greater in children with concurrent malnutrition and diarrhea

Effects of rude rhubarb on intestinal barrier in septic patients / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective To observe the therapeutic effects of rude rhubarb on intestinal barrier in septic patients. Methods A total of 40 septic patients were enrolled in this study and randomly divided into two groups:rude rhubarb treatment group(a=18)and control group(n=22).The ratio of laetulose to mannitol(L/M)and D-lactate were determined on the first day and the 6th day after patients were enrolled.Results No signifieant differences were found on L/M and D-lactate in plasma on the first day between the rude rhubarb treatment group and the control group(P＞0.05). The L/M on the 6th day in the eontrol group was(0.1674?0.0361),and that in the rude rhubarb treatment group was (0.0621?0.0128)(P＜0.05).D-laetate in plasma in the 6 th day in the the rude rhubarb treatment group was(0.09?0.03)mmol/L,and was obviously lower than that in the control group(0.24?0.06)mmol/L(P＜0.05). Conclusion Rude rhubarb can improve the intestinal barrier.

Research on intestine permeability in patients with post-hepatitis cirrhosis / 中华传染病杂志

Objective To study the relationship of intestine permeability with post hepatitis cirrhosis. Methods Serum DAO levels were measured by Holt method and lactulose/mannitol absorption tests were performed in 96 patients (Child A, n =11; Child B, n =37; Child C n =48) with post hepatitis cirrhosis and 49 healthy control subjects to evaluate the intestine structure and function of the patients. Lactulose and mannitol levels in 5 hours urine were determined by gaschromatographic assay. Results DAO activity and lactulose/mannitol ratio were higher in each patient group than those in normal control group (DAO Child A 4.68?0.97, Child B 6.05?1.02, Child C 7.80?1.34 vs 3.98?0.93, P