Comparison of safety and effectiveness of micropulse transscleral cyclophotocoagulation and "slow cook" diode laser transscleral cyclophotocoagulation in patients with refractory open-angle glaucoma

ABSTRACT Purpose: This study aimed to compare the safety and effectiveness of intraocular pressure reduction between micropulse transscleral cyclophotocoagulation and "slow cook" transscleral cyclophotocoagulation in patients with refractory primary open-angle glaucoma. Methods: We included patients with primary open angle glaucoma with at least 12 months of follow-up. We collected and analyzed data on the preoperative characteristics and postoperative outcomes. The primary outcomes were a reduction of ≥20% of the baseline value (criterion A) and/or intraocular pressure between 6 and 21 mmHg (criterion B). Results: We included 128 eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma. The preoperative mean intraocular pressure was 25.53 ± 6.40 and 35.02 ± 12.57 mmHg in the micropulse- and "slow cook" transscleral cyclophotocoagulation groups, respectively (p<0.001). The mean intraocular pressure was reduced significantly to 14.33 ± 3.40 and 15.37 ± 5.85 mmHg in the micropulse- and "slow cook" transscleral cyclophotocoagulation groups at the last follow-up, respectively (p=0.110). The mean intraocular pressure reduction at 12 months was 11.20 ± 11.46 and 19.65 ± 13.22 mmHg in the micropulse- and "slow cook" transscleral cyclophotocoagulation groups, respectively (p<0.001). The median preoperative logMAR visual acuity was 0.52 ± 0.69 and 1.75 ± 1.04 in the micropulse- and "slow cook" transscleral cyclophotocoagulation groups, respectively (p<0.001). The mean visual acuity variation was −0.10 ± 0.35 and −0.074 ± 0.16 in the micropulse- and "slow cook" transscleral cyclophotocoagulation, respectively (p=0.510). Preoperatively, the mean eye drops were 3.44 ± 1.38 and 2.89 ± 0.68 drugs in the micropulse- and "slow cook" transscleral cyclophotocoagulation groups, respectively (p=0.017), but those were 2.06 ± 1.42 and 1.02 ± 1.46 at the end of the study in the "slow cook" and micropulse transscleral cyclophotocoagulation groups, respectively (p<0.001). The success of criterion A was not significant between both groups. Compared with 11 eyes (17.74%) in the "slow cook" transscleral cyclophotocoagulation group, 19 eyes (28.78%) in the micropulse transscleral cyclophotocoagulation group showed complete success (p=0.171). For criterion B, 28 (42.42%) and 2 eyes (3.22%) showed complete success after micropulse- and "slow cook" transscleral cyclophotocoagulation, respectively (p<0.001). Conclusion: Both techniques reduced intraocular pressure effectively.

In-office Laryngeal Procedures: a Modern Perspective for Vocal Fold Interventions

Introduction: The purpose of this article is to discuss in-office laryngeal procedures as an alternative to surgical intervention under general anesthesia. In-office procedures have become more common due to technological advancements. As a result, these approaches are less invasive and more patient-friendly, with increased pain tolerance and reduced procedure time and cost. Methods: We conducted a thematic analysis of published reports regarding the best known and performed in-office laryngeal interventions. Three questions guided our analysis: What laryngological procedures can be performed in the office setting? What are the advantages of in-office laryngology procedures compared to operating room surgical procedures? Why aren't more in-office procedures performed in some Latin American countries? Discussion: Despite being performed more frequently, there is still controversy whether in-office procedures should be performed as often due to the risk of complications. Furthermore, procedures that are done in the office setting are more popular in some countries than in others, even though their benefit has been well demonstrated. This article describes various in-office procedures, including biopsy, vocal fold injections, and laser surgery. We also discuss what factors might contribute to having office-procedures being performed more frequently in some countries than others. Conclusion: Awake interventions offer numerous benefits, including shorter procedure time, reduced costs, and lower patient morbidity. These advantages have significantly transformed the treatment of laryngeal diseases in modern laryngology practice in a global manner.

Introducción: El propósito de este artículo es discutir los procedimientos laríngeos en el consultorio como una alternativa a la intervención quirúrgica bajo anestesia general. Los procedimientos en consultorio se han vuelto más comunes debido a los avances tecnológicos. Como resultado, estos enfoques son menos invasivos y más amigables para el paciente, con mayor tolerancia al dolor y reducción del tiempo y costo del procedimiento. Métodos: Realizamos un análisis temático de los informes publicados sobre las intervenciones laríngeas más conocidas y realizadas. Tres preguntas guiaron nuestro análisis: ¿Qué procedimientos laringológicos se pueden realizar en el consultorio y cuales sin los más frecuentes?, ¿cuáles son las ventajas de los procedimientos laringológicos fuera del quirófano frente a los que se realizan bajo anestesia general?, ¿por qué no se realizan más procedimientos laringológicos en el consultorio en la mayoría de los países en Latinoamérica? Discusión: A pesar de que se realizan con mayor frecuencia, aún existe controversia sobre si los procedimientos en consultorio deben realizarse con tanta frecuencia debido al riesgo de complicaciones. Además, los procedimientos que se realizan en el consultorio son más populares en algunos países que en otros, aunque sus beneficios han sido bien demostrados. Este artículo describe varios procedimientos en el consultorio, incluida la biopsia, las inyecciones de cuerdas vocales y la cirugía con láser. También se discutieron los factores que podrían contribuir a que los procedimientos en el consultorio se realicen con más frecuencia en algunos países que en otros. Conclusión: Las intervenciones con pacientes despiertos ofrecen numerosos beneficios, incluido un tiempo de procedimiento más corto, costos reducidos y una menor morbilidad para el paciente. Estas ventajas han transformado significativamente el tratamiento de las enfermedades laríngeas en la práctica de la laringología moderna a nivel mundial.

Delay in the Diagnosis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Misuse of Low-Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) In Dentistry: Case Report

This case report highlights the delay in the diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and the inappropriate use of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in dentistry. OSCC is a malignant neoplasm that affects the oral cavity and can have severe consequences if not diagnosed and treated appropriately and promptly. The patient presented with a persistent oral lesion that was initially diagnosed as a traumatic injury and treated with LLLT, which led to a delay in the correct diagnosis of OSCC. The case emphasizes the importance of early detection and proper management of oral lesions to prevent the progression of malignant conditions. It also emphasizes the need for professional knowledge regarding the applicability of LLLT in dental practice. Dental professionals should be vigilant in recognizing suspicious oral lesions and promptly refer patients for further evaluation and appropriate treatment to ensure optimal outcomes.

Este informe de un caso destaca el retraso en el diagnóstico del carcinoma espinocelular oral (CEC) y el uso inapropiado de la terapia con láser de baja potencia (LBP) en odontología. El CEC es una neoplasia maligna que afecta la cavidad oral y puede tener graves consecuencias si no se diagnostica y trata de manera adecuada y oportuna. La paciente presentó una lesión oral persistente que inicialmente se diagnosticó como lesión traumática y se trató con LBP, lo que llevó a un retraso en el diagnóstico correcto del CEC. El caso enfatiza la importancia de la detección temprana y el manejo adecuado de las lesiones orales para prevenir la progresión de condiciones malignas. También resalta los riesgos asociados con el uso inapropiado de la LBP en la práctica odontológica. Los profesionales de la odontología deben estar atentos a las lesiones orales sospechosas y remitir a los pacientes de manera oportuna para una evaluación adicional y un tratamiento adecuado, con el fin de garantizar mejores resultados.

Rejuvenecimiento facial y láser de dióxido de carbono / Facial rejuvenation and carbon dioxide laser

El envejecimiento facial es multifactorial, la piel muestra el paso del tiempo a través de manchas, poros dilatados, arrugas, fl acidez y otras alteraciones. Si al momento de realizar un rejuvenecimiento facial no se rejuvenece también la piel, el resultado nunca será armónico o coherente. Actualmente la mejor herramienta para el rejuvenecimiento facial integral es el láser de dióxido de carbono. Si lo combinamos con el uso de microagujas y la aplicación de plasma rico en plaquetas, potenciaremos aún más los resultados

Facial aging is multifactorial, the skin shows prevents aging through spots, pores, wrinkles, gas, fl accidity and other situations. If at the time of perform facial rejuvenation we do not rejuvenate the skin, the result will never be harmonious or coherent. To this day, the best tool for refacial rejuvenation is the carbon dioxide laserand if we associate it with the use of microneedles and applications of rich plasma we are going to enhance the result

Tratamiento de las pápulas perladas peneanas mediante uso de láser de dióxido de carbono fraccionado / Treatment of pearly penile papules using fractionated carbon dioxide laser

Las pápulas perladas del pene son angiofibromas acrales, lesiones asintomáticas benignas, no infecciosas, ubicadas alrededor del glande masculino. Debido su aspecto suelen causar angustia, disminución de autoestima y dificultades en la intimidad sexual. Todo esto lleva a un deterioro de la calidad de vida sexual. Métodos. Se incluyeron pacientes varones con pápulas perladas peneanas que recibieron tratamiento con láser de dióxido de carbono fraccionado entre diciembre de 2023 y abril de 2014. Se trataron en total 75 pacientes. Previo al tratamiento se les realizó una encuesta para saber si había realizado consulta previa con especialista y los motivos para realizar el tratamiento. Se les realizó el primer control postratamiento entre 10 a 15 días post tratamiento. En caso de presentar pápulas perladas peneanas residuales se procedió a un segundo o tercer tratamiento. Se les realizó segundo y tercer control postratamiento entre 10 a 15 días postratamiento. En dicho segundo o tercer control se les realizó encuesta de satisfacción. Resultados. Todos los pacientes incluidos en nuestro estudio informaron que se lograron eliminar sus pápulas perladas peneanas: 13% (10 pacientes) en primera sesión, 82% (62 pacientes) en segunda sesión y solo 4% (3 pacientes) requirieron una tercera sesión. Conclusiones. Las pápulas perladas peneanas, aun siendo de etiología benigna y no contagiosa, reducen significativamente la calidad de vida sexual de los varones, especialmente los jóvenes, y merecen de un tratamiento médico. El tratamiento de las pápulas perladas peneanas mediante uso de láser de dióxido de carbono fraccionado demostró ser un tratamiento rápido, seguro y eficaz

Pearly penile papules are acral angiofi bromas, benign, non-infectious, asymptomatic lesions around the male glans. Due to their appearance, they often cause distress, decreased self-esteem, and difficulties in sexual intimacy. All this leads to a deterioration in the quality of sexual life. Methods. Male patients with pearly penile papules who received fractionated carbon dioxide laser treatment between December 2023 and April 2014 were included. A total of 75 patients were treated. Before the treatment, a survey was conducted to fi nd out if they had previously consulted with a specialist and what motivated them to undergo the treatment. They underwent their first post-treatment control between 10 to 15 days after treatment. If residual pearly penile papules were present, a second or third treatment was performed. A second and third post-treatment control was carried out between 10 to 15 days after treatment. In said second or third control, a satisfaction survey was carried out. Results. All patients included in our study reported that their pearly penile papules were eliminated: 13% (10 patients) in the fi rst session, 82% (62 patients) in the second session, and only 4% (3 patients) required a third session. Conclusions. Pearly penile papules, even though they are of benign and non-contagious etiology. They signifi cantly reduce the quality of sexual life of men, especially young men, and deserve medical treatment. The treatment of pearly penile papules using fractionated carbon dioxide laser proved to be fast, safe, and effective.

Fotocoagulación láser guiada por ultrasonido para el tratamiento del secuestro broncopulmonar fetal. Reporte de dos casos exitosos en Venezuela / Ultrasound-guided laser photocoagulation for the treatment of fetal bronchopulmonary sequestration. Report of two successful cases in Venezuela

El secuestro broncopulmonar es una malformación del aparato respiratorio que consiste en tejido bronquial y pulmonar no funcionante, separado del árbol tráqueo-bronquial y alimentado por un vaso sanguíneo proveniente de la circulación sistémica. La incidencia es de 1 por cada 5000 nacimientos, comprende entre 0,15 % y 6,45 % de las patologías pulmonares. El pronóstico es, generalmente, favorable, reportándose regresión espontánea de la lesión en 50 % a 75 % de los pacientes. Puede ocasionar efecto de masa, comprimiendo el corazón y el pulmón hasta generar cambios hemodinámicos y falla cardíaca. Hay múltiples procedimientos para el tratamiento y manejo, principalmente en casos de gran tamaño y fetos hidrópicos, para mejorar el pronóstico perinatal. Se presentan los dos primeros casos de secuestro broncopulmonar tratados en Venezuela mediante fotocoagulación láser del vaso nutricio y su evolución perinatal, con sobrevida del 100 % y sin ninguna complicación registrada en el periodo perinatal(AU)

Bronchopulmonary sequestration is a malformation of the respiratory system consisting of non-functioning bronchial and pulmonary tissue, separated from the tracheo-bronchial tree and fed by a blood vessel from the systemic circulation. The incidence is 1 in 5000 births, ranging from 0.15% to 6.45% of pulmonary pathologies. The prognosis is generally favorable, with spontaneous regression of the lesion reported in 50% to 75% of patients. It can cause mass effect, compressing the heart and lung to the point of generating hemodynamic changes and heart failure. There are multiple procedures for treatment and management, mainly in large cases and hydropic fetuses, to improve perinatal prognosis. We present the first two cases of bronchopulmonary sequestration treated in Venezuela by laser photocoagulation of the nutrient vessel and their perinatal evolution, with 100% survival and without any complications recorded in the perinatal period(AU)

Láser CO2 vaginal, indicaciones y aplicaciones / Vaginal CO2 laser, indications and applications

El síndrome genitourinario es una entidad hoy en día cada vez más frecuente en la mujer posmenopáusica, con signos y síntomas muy característicos que llevan a la pérdida de calidad de vida de las pacientes, generados por la disminución de estrógenos. Su diagnóstico se realiza mediante una buena historia clínica, exámenes hormonales, estudios urodinámicos y de pH vaginal. Su clínica varía desde sequedad vaginal, atrofia de la misma, vaginitis a repetición, pérdida de orina al esfuerzo, nicturia y dispareunia. A los largo de los años se han protocolizado diferentes tratamientos como reemplazos hormonales, lubricantes y cirugías invasivas vaginales. Pero en los últimos años ha aparecido una nueva terapéutica de láser CO2 fraccionado. Materiales y método. Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo de seis años de evolución, entre los años 2017 y 2023, con más de 300 pacientes tratadas con tecnología láser CO2 fraccionado, con criterios de inclusión y exclusión, protocolizando 3 sesiones cada 30 días y controles hasta los 6 meses. Resultados. Para evaluar los resultados se diseñó una encuentra de satisfacción de 5 puntos, la cual fue presentada luego de cada sesión, encontrando un alto grado de satisfacción en la mejoría clínica a medida que transcurrían las sesiones, con un muy bajo índice de complicaciones. También biopsias con mejorías histológicas que demuestran resultados. Discusión. La aplicación de esta nueva tecnología láser nos abre una posibilidad terapéutica segura, rápida y efectiva para mejorar la sintomatología y calidad de vida de nuestras pacientes con síndrome genitourinario, sumando una nueva terapéutica a todo el arsenal de tratamientos médico-quirúrgicos disponibles a la fecha. Conclusiones. El síndrome genitourinario es una entidad prácticamente inevitable, con síntomas desde leves a graves, que afecta la calidad de vida personal, sexual y social. Los tratamientos hasta la fecha hormonales, tópicos o quirúrgicos han dado mediocres resultados sin estar exentos de complicaciones, por lo que la aparición de la tecnología láser CO2 fraccionada nos ha dado el plus necesario para aportar un tratamiento seguro, eficaz, con mínimas complicaciones y una curva de aprendizaje pequeña

Genitourinary syndrome is an increasingly frequent entity in postmenopausal women today, with very characteristic signs and symptoms that lead to a loss of quality of life in patients, generated by estrogen depletion, whose diagnosis is made through a good clinical history, hormonal tests, urodynamic and vaginal pH studies. Its symptoms vary from vaginal dryness, vaginal atrophy, repeated vaginitis, loss of urine on exertion, nocturia and dyspareunia. Over the years, different treatments have been protocolized, such as hormone replacements, lubricants, and invasive vaginal surgeries. But in recent years a new fractionated CO2 laser therapy has appeared. Materials and method. A retrospective study of six years of evolution was carried out, between the years 2017 and 2023, with more than 300 patients treated with fractionated CO2 laser technology, with inclusion and exclusion criteria, protocolizing 3 sessions every 30 days and controls until the 6 months. Results. To evaluate the results, a 5-point satisfaction score was designed, which was presented after each session, finding a high degree of satisfaction in the clinical improvement as the sessions progressed with a very low indication of complications. Also biopsies with histological improvements that demonstrate results. Discussion. The application of this new laser technology opens up a safe, fast and effective therapeutic possibility to improve the symptoms and quality of life of our patients with genitourinary syndrome, adding a new therapeutic option to the arsenal of medical-surgical treatments available to date. Conclusions. Genitourinary syndrome is a practically inevitable entity, with symptoms ranging from mild to severe, affecting the quality of personal, sexual and social life. The hormonal, topical or surgical treatments to date have given mediocre results, not being free of complications, so the appearance of fractionated CO2 laser technology has given us the necessary extra to provide a safe, effective treatment, with minimal complications. and a small learning curve.

Comparison of the clinical effectiveness of Class IV Laser therapy and therapeutic ultrasound in patients with chronic neck pain: a randomized controlled trial / Comparação da eficácia clínica da terapia a laser Classe IV e do ultrassom terapêutico em pacientes com dor cervical crônica: um estudo controlado e randomizado

INTRODUCTION: Chronic neck pain (CNP) is a common musculoskeletal problem that affects a large proportion of the population and lasts longer than three months. It has a high cost in terms of life, disability, and healthcare. Several modalities have effectively provided immediate and long-term relief for CNP; however, the comparative clinical effectiveness of these modalities is limited. OBJECTIVES: The study aimed to determine the clinical effectiveness of Class IV Laser therapy and Therapeutic Ultrasound (TUS) in patients with CNP. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Forty-four patients with CNP of both genders were recruited from an age range of 20­45 years from the Department of Musculoskeletal Physiotherapy of Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Physiotherapy, MM(DU), Ambala, India. They were divided into two groups at random: the LASER group A (n = 22) and the TUS group B (n = 22). The intervention duration was 2 weeks with 6 treatment sessions. Pre- and post-treatment outcome measures were assessed with the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Algometer, Goniometer, and Neck Disability Index (NDI) questionnaires at baseline and after 2 weeks of intervention. The LASER group received a target dose of 10 joules per cm2 at a power of 10 watts, with a continuous dosage frequency. The TUS group underwent a continuous mode ultrasound (3 MHz, 1 W/cm2) for 6 minutes. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to assess the normality of the data. For parametric and non-parametric data analysis within the group, the paired t-test and Wilcoxon signed rank were used. The independente t-test and Mann-U Whitney test were used for the group comparison of parametric and non-parametric data, respectively. RESULTS: In both groups, there was a significant improvement in all the outcome measures (p<0.001). There was a statistically significant difference between the two interventions in VAS, Pain Pressure Threshold (PPT), and NDI (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Class IV Laser therapy is clinically more effective than therapeutic ultrasound in treating patients with chronic neck pain.

INTRODUÇÃO: A dor cervical crônica (DCC) é um problema musculoesquelético comum que afeta uma grande proporção da população e dura mais de três meses. Ela tem um alto custo em termos de vida, incapacidade e assistência médica. Várias modalidades têm proporcionado alívio imediato e de longo prazo para a dor cervical crônica; entretanto, a eficácia clínica comparativa dessas modalidades é limitada. OBJETIVOS: O objetivo do estudo foi determinar a eficácia clínica da terapia a laser de classe IV e do ultrassom terapêutico (UST) em pacientes com DCC. MÉTODOS E MATERIAIS: Quarenta e quatro pacientes com DCC de ambos os sexos, em uma faixa etária de 20 a 45 anos, foram recrutados do Departamento de fisioterapia musculoesquelética do Instituto de Fisioterapia Maharishi Markandeshwar, MM (DU), Ambala, Índia. Eles foram divididos em dois grupos de forma aleatória: o grupo LASER A (n = 22) e o grupo UST B (n = 22). A duração da intervenção foi de 2 semanas com 6 sessões de tratamento. As medidas de resultado pré e pós-tratamento foram avaliadas com os questionários Escala Visual Analógica (EVA), Algometer, Goniometer e Índice de Incapacidade do Pescoço (IIP) na linha de base e após 2 semanas de intervenção. O grupo LASER recebeu dose alvo de 10 joules por cm2 na potência de 10 watts, com frequência de dosagem contínua. O grupo UST foi submetido a ultrassom em modo contínuo (3 MHz, 1 W/cm2) por 6 minutos. O teste de Shapiro-Wilk foi utilizado para avaliar a normalidade dos dados. Para análise dos dados paramétricos e não paramétricos dentro do grupo, foram utilizados o teste t pareado e o posto sinalizado de Wilcoxon. O teste t independente e o teste Mann-U Whitney foram utilizados para comparação de grupos para dados paramétricos e não paramétricos, respectivamente. RESULTADOS: Em ambos os grupos, houve uma melhora significativa em todas as medidas de resultado (p<0,001). Houve uma diferença estatisticamente significativa entre as duas intervenções na EVA, Limiar de pressão de dor (PPT) e IIP (p<0,05). CONCLUSÕES: A terapia a laser de classe IV é clinicamente mais eficaz do que o ultrassom terapêutico no tratamento de pacientes com dor cervical crônica.

O uso do laser de alta e baixa intensidade para o tratamento de hipersensibilidade dentinária: uma revisão integrativa

Objetivo: Determinar as evidências científicas sobre a influência do uso de lasers de baixa e alta intensidade no tratamento da hipersensibilidade da dentina. Revisão de literatura: Foram realizadas buscas na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), incluindo as bases de dados: Literatura Latino Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS); Bibliografia Brasileira de Odontologia (BBO); e National Library of Medicine (MEDLINE). A maioria dos estudos destacam a eficácia dos lasers na redução da HD, com o laser Nd:YAG mostrando-se eficaz na obliteração dos túbulos dentinários e proporcionando alívio a longo prazo. Apesar dos benefícios, alguns estudos alertam para possíveis danos à polpa dentária, especialmente com lasers de alta potência. Considerações finais: Embora os lasers tenham se mostrado eficazes na redução da HD, a escolha do laser deve ser personalizada para cada paciente, destacando a necessidade de aprimorar os protocolos clínicos e adquirir experiência relevante por parte dos profissionais especialistas.

Objective: To determine the scientific evidence on the influence of the use of low and high intensity lasers in the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity. Literature review: Searches were carried out in the Virtual Health Library (VHL), including the databases: Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS); Brazilian Bibliography of Dentistry (BBO); and National Library of Medicine (MEDLINE). Most studies highlight the effectiveness of lasers in reducing HD, with the Nd:YAG laser proving effective in obliterating dentinal tubules and providing long-term relief. Despite the benefits, some studies warn of possible damage to the dental pulp, especially with high-power lasers. Final considerations: Although lasers have been shown to be effective in reducing HD, the choice of laser must be personalized for each patient, highlighting the need to improve clinical protocols and acquire relevant experience on the part of specialist professionals.

Acute effects of energy drink consumption on microvascular reactivity in young male volunteers at rest: a randomized trial

Energy drinks are nonalcoholic beverages whose main ingredients are sugar, taurine, and caffeine. The consumption of energy drinks is increasing worldwide, but only a few conflicting studies have investigated the vascular effects of energy drinks in young adults. The aim of this study was to evaluate microvascular reactivity before and after energy drinks consumption in young healthy male volunteers. This was a cross-sectional prospective study. Microvascular reactivity signals were evaluated in the skin of the forearm using laser speckle contrast imaging with acetylcholine (ACh) iontophoresis before and 90 and 180 min after the randomized consumption of one ED or the same volume of water (control), followed by a postocclusive reactive hyperemia (PORH) test. Thirty-two volunteers were evaluated (age: 25.4±4.3 years). Energy drink consumption prevented the rest-induced reduction in cutaneous vascular conductance over time that was observed in the control group. In the control group, there were significant reductions in microvascular vasodilation at 90 and 180 min compared to baseline (P=0.004), but this was not the case in the energy drink group (P=0.76). Our results demonstrated that the reduction in microvascular conductance associated with prolonged immobility can be prevented by the consumption of one energy drink, highlighting the vasodilator effects of this beverage in young individuals at rest. The between-study variability in terms of the brand of energy drinks and the ingested volume, as well as the method of vascular evaluation and the inclusion criteria, may explain the discrepancies among previous studies on the vascular effects of energy drinks.

Portable Electrochemical Sensor for Sensitive Detection of Azo Dyes Sunset Yellow and Tartrazine / 分析化学

A polymethionine(p-Met)-modified laser-induced graphene(LIG)electrode was constructed and integrated with portable electrochemical workstations and handheld computer to achieve on-site,simultaneous detection of azo dyes sunset yellow(SY)and tartrazine(Tz)in environmental water.Firstly,the sensor interface with the best electrical conductivity was obtained by optimizing the laser processing parameters,and then the electrochemical responses of SY and Tz were improved by electropolymerization of methionine on the surface of LIG.Finally,a portable electrochemical sensor platform was built by connecting p-Met/LIG,a small electrochemical workstation and a handheld computer application program.Differential pulse voltammetry(DPV)was used to determine these two dyes.SY showed a good linear relationship in the concentration range of 0.2-20 μmol/L and 20-100 μmol/L,the detection limit was as low as 0.001 μmol/L.Tz showed a good linear relationship in concentration range of 0.3-40 μmol/L and 40-100 μmol/L,and the detection limits was as low as 0.005 μmol/L.p-Met/LIG also had excellent anti-interference performance and reproducibility.The portable electrochemical platform was applied to real-time detection of real water samples,and the results showed that the platform was expected to be applied in field detection of SY and Tz in real environmental water bodies.

Effect of different temperature lavage fluid on shivering and inflammatory response after ureteral holmium laser lithotripsy / 国际外科学杂志

Objective:To investigate the effects of constant body temperature (37 ℃), constant room temperature (24 ℃) and cold liquid (20 ℃) on shivering and inflammatory response after holmium laser lithotripsy under ureteroscope.Methods:A total of 132 patients receiving holmium laser lithotripsia under ureteroscope treated in the Second People′s Hospital of Lianyungang City from July 2020 to July 2023 were selected as the study objects. According to the intraoperative lavage fluid temperature, they were divided into cold liquid group (20 ℃, n=44), equal room temperature group (24 ℃, n=44) and equal body temperature group (37 ℃, n=44).. Anova was used to compare the occurrence of postoperative chills in the three groups at 10 min, 30 min, immediately after the operation, and the anti-inflammatory response of stress before and after the operation. Chi-square test was used to compare the occurrence of postoperative chills. Results:The difference of core body temperature between the three groups at 10 min, 30 min and immediately after operation was statistically significant. The core body temperature of the cold liquid group was lower than that of the equal room temperature group and the equal body temperature group at the above time point ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in core body temperature between the isoroom temperature group and the isobody temperature group at 10 min, 30 min and immediately after operation ( P>0.05)..The levels of norepinephrine and serum cortisol in the three groups were higher after surgery than before surgery, and the levels in the cold liquid group were higher than those in the isothermal group and the isothermal group ( P<0.05), but there was no statistical significance between the isothermal group and the isothermal group ( P>0.05).The levels of C-reactive protein, interleukin-10 and white blood cells were higher after operation than before operation, but there was no statistical significance among the three groups ( P>0.05).There was a statistically significant difference in the incidence of postoperative chills among the three groups ( χ2=6.87, P=0.03). Nine cases of postoperative chills occurred in the cold body fluid group, the highest incidence of chills was 20.45%, 3 cases occurred in the room temperature group, and 2 cases occurred in the body temperature group. There was no significant difference in the incidence of chills (6.81% vs 4.55%) ( P>0.05). Conclusion:In holmium laser lithotripsy under ureteroscope, compared with cold liquid lavage, intraoperative equi-room temperature lavage and equi-body temperature lavage can maintain constant intraoperative body temperature, relieve stress reaction, reduce postoperative inflammatory reaction and lower incidence of postoperative chills.

Choice of operation time for ureteral calculi patients with COVID-19 infection / 国际外科学杂志

Objective:To compare the difference between the operation of ureteral calculi patients with COVID-19 infection during COVID-19 infection and after recovery to find out the best timing for surgery.Methods:The clinical data of 327 ureteral calculi patients with COVID-19 infection were retrospectively analyzed, including 141 cases who underwent ureteroscopic surgery. According to the time of ureteroscopic surgery, the patients were divided into two groups: operation before recovery of COVID-19 infection group ( n=81) and operation after recovery of COVID-19 infection group ( n=60). The success rate of primary surgery, stone removal incidence, complication inciednce, mortality, operation time, postoperative hemoglobin decline, hospital stay, and total hospitalization cost and other indicators of the two groups were compared between the two groups. Measurement data were expressed as mean±standard deviation ( ± s), independent t-test was used for inter-group comparison. Chi-test or continuous correction Chi-test was used for inter-group comparison for count data. Results:The success rate of primary surgery (38.3%, 31/81), stone removal rate (86.4%, 70/81) in the operation before recovery of COVID-19 infection group were significantly lower than those in the operation after recovery of COVID-19 infection group [80.0% (48/60), 98.3% (59/60)], and the differences were statistically significant ( P< 0.05). The incidence of complication, postoperative hemoglobin decline [(2.1±0.6) g/L vs (0.6±0.3) g/L], hospital stay [(14.7±3.6) d vs (4.1±1.1) d], total hospitalization cost [(34 733.3±4 412.4) yuan vs (21 919.7±3 251.3) yuan] of the operation before recovery of COVID-19 infection group were significantly higher than those in the operation after recovery of COVID-19 infection group, and the differences were statistically significant ( P< 0.001). The operation time of the operation before recovery of COVID-19 infection group was shorter [(16.9±5.4) min vs (37.7±8.9) min], and the difference was statistically significant ( P< 0.001). There was no significant difference in mortality between the two groups (3.7% vs 0, P> 0.05). Conclusion:The risk of surgical treatment for ureteral calculi patients with COVID-19 infection is high, The treatment of them should mainly be conservative treatment, and operation should be performed after COVID-19 infection is cured.

Application of en-bloc Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate with an early apical mucosa dissection / 国际外科学杂志

Objective:To investigate the efficacy and safety of en-bloc Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) with an early apical mucosa dissection technique for the treatment of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH).Methods:The clinical data of 215 patients treated with HoLEP for BPH from January 2020 to January 2023 in the Department of Urology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University were retrospectively analyzed. According to different treatment methods, the patients were divided into study group ( n=112) and control group ( n=103). Patients in the study group were treated by the en-bloc HoLEP with an early apical mucosa dissection technique, while patients in the control group were treated by the classical two or three-lobes HoLEP. The primary endpoints included the rates of urinary incontinence at 1-month, 3-month, and 6-month after surgery in two groups of patients. The secondary endpoints included operative time, hemoglobin decrease, dissected prostate weight, postoperative indwelling catheter time, postoperative hospital stay, and international prostate symptom score (IPSS), quality of life (QoL), Qmax, and postvoid residual urine (PVR) at 3-month and 6-month after surgery. The measurement data were tested by Shapiro-Wilk normality test. The normal distribution of the measurement data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation ( ± s), and independent sample t-test was used for comparison between two groups. Measurement data of skewness distribution were expressed as median (interquartile distance) [ M( Q1, Q3)], and Wilcoxon or Mann-Whitney U test were used for comparison between two groups. The count data in the two groups were compared by the Chi-square test. Results:The incidence of urinary incontinence in the study group was 9.0% (10/112) and 3.6% (4/112) at 1-month and 3-month after surgery, which was significantly lower than those in the control group [18.5% (19/103) and 11.7% (12/103)], and the differences were statistically significant ( P< 0.05). Urinary incontinence in two groups recovered completely 6-month after surgery. The operation time of the study group was (68.74±23.71) min, which was lower than that of the control group [(88.04±25.43) min], and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). There were no significant differences in hemoglobin decrease, dissected prostate weight, postoperative indwelling catheter time, postoperative hospital stay in the two groups ( P> 0.05). The IPSS, QoL, Qmax and PVR of the two groups were significantly improved at 3-month and 6-month after surgery ( P< 0.05), but there was no significant difference between the two groups ( P> 0.05). Conclusion:En-bloc HoLEP with an early apical mucosa dissection technique is safe and reliable in treating BPH, and has advantages over classic HoLEP in terms of short-term urinary continence rates, shortening operation time.

Laser-assisted balloon angioplasty for infrapopliteal arterial occlusion with critical limb ischemia:a clinical study / 介入放射学杂志

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of laser-assisted balloon angioplasty(LABA)in treating patients with infrapopliteal arterial occlusion complicated by critical limb ischemia(CLI).Methods The clinical data of patients with infrapopliteal artery occlusion complicated by CLI,who were admitted to the Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital to receive LABA(LABA group)or balloon angioplasty alone(BA group)between January 2019 and December 2021,were retrospectively analyzed.The incidence of perioperative complications and postoperative clinical efficacy were compared between the two groups.Results A total of 32 patients received LABA therapy and 40 patients received BA alone.The technical success rate,the postoperative ankle-brachial index(ABI),the numerical value of postoperative ABI value deducting preoperative ABI value,the postoperative 24-month continuous improvement rate of clinical symptoms and the primary patency rate of target vessels in the LABA group were remarkably higher than those in the BA group(all P＜0.05).No procedure-related target vessel perforation,amputation,or death occurred in both groups.No statistically significant differences in the target vessel dissection,distal embolism,remedial stenting,and postoperative 24-month amputation-free survival existed between the groups(all P＞0.05).Conclusion For the infrapopliteal arterial occlusion complicated by CLI,LABA therapy is clinically safe and effective,and its mid-term efficacy is superior to BA alone.

Bubble dynamics measurements of shock wave enhanced emission photoacoustic streaming(SWEEPS)in free water region with different temporal delays / 实用口腔医学杂志

Objective:To analyze the bubble dynamic characteristics of shock wave enhanced emission photoacoustic streaming(SWEEPS)technique in free water region under different temporay delays.Methods:The Er∶YAG laser tip was activated in free water model with SWEEPS mode at 150-600 μs pulse delay.The bubble dynamic process during irrigation was recorded by a high-speed camera(200 000 Hz).Matlab was used to analyze the interaction between bubble made by the dual pulses frame by frame.The distance between bubble remnants and laser tip was measured before the bubble disappeared.The experimental data were statisti-cally analyzed by SPSS 19.0.Results:In free water region,different temporal delays caused different interaction between the bub-bles activated by the SWEEPS technique with a dual pulse modality.The interactions include bubble fusion,bubble collision and bubble separation.When the temporal delay between 360-440 μs,bubble collision was the most violent,and the farthest distance between bubble remnants and laser tip was reached.Conclusion:In free water region,the dual pulse of SWEEPS technique can lead to bubble interaction which may enhance the cavitation effect of Er∶YAG laser irrigation,and improve the debridement in clinic ap-plication.

NIR-controlled transdermal delivery of atenolol based on polyethyleneimine-modified MoS2 nanoparticles / 沈阳医学院学报

Objective:Using atenolol as a model drug,the aim of this study was to develop a sustained and controlled transdermal drug delivery system(TDDS)based on polyethyleneimine-modified MoS2 nanoparticles(PEI-MoS2 NPs)that were responsive to near infrared(NIR)laser irradiation.Methods:The three-dimensional flower-like PEI-MoS2 NPs were successfully synthesized and further characterized by attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction measurements,scanning electron microscopy,and transmission electron microscopy.The controlled release capacity of PEI-MoS2 NPs was examined using in vitro drug release and skin penetration experiments.Results:The PEI-MoS2 NPs exhibited a drug loading efficiency of 53.86% and high photothermal conversion ability.Moreover,the release of atenolol was enhanced by NIR stimulation with an enhancement ratio of 1.56.Conclusion:NIR-controlled PEI-MoS2 NPs was essential for the control and sustained release of drugs in TDDS.

Laser assisted sclerectomy and cataract extraction combined with angle separation in the treatment of angle closure glaucoma / 实用医学杂志

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of laser-assisted sclerectomy and cataract extraction combined with angle separation in the treatment of angle-closure glaucoma.Methods A total of 162 patients with angle closure glaucoma were selected as the research subjects.Eighty-one patients in the experimental group under-went laser-assisted sclerectomy and cataract extraction combined with angle separation,and another 81 patients in the control group underwent cataract extraction combined with angle separation.The therapeutic effects of two groups of patients were observed.Results The postoperative visual acuity,BCVA,angle width,and corneal endothelial cell count of the experimental group were higher than those of the control group,but the intraocular pressure,central anterior chamber depth,and corneal thickness were all lower than those in the control group.The incidence of adverse reactions in the experimental group(6.2% )was lower than that in the control group(13.6% ).During postop-erative follow-up,there was no further increase in intraocular pressure in the two groups,while the height of filtering blebs in the control group decreased significantly when compared with that in the experimental group.One month after surgery,the BCVA and corneal endothelial cell count in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group(P<0.05),and the corneal thickness was lower than that in the control group(P<0.05),but no statistical significance was found at 3 and 6 months after surgery.The astigmatism in the experimental group was better than that in the control group 3 months after surgery,but there was no statistically significant difference at 1 month and 6 months after surgery.Conclusion Laser-assisted sclerectomy and cataract extraction combined with angle separa-tion are effective and safe in the treatment of angle closure glaucoma.

EUS Combined with LCI/BLI-ME in Determination of Infiltration Depth of Early Gastric Cancer after Helicobacter pylori Eradication / 华中科技大学学报(医学版)

Objective To explore the value of endoscopic ultrasonography combined with linked color imaging/blue laser imaging technology combined with magnifying endoscopy(LCI/BLI-ME)in determining the depth of infiltration in early gastric cancer after eradication of Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori),as well as the influencing factors affecting the accuracy of the judg-ment,so as to explore its clinical application value.Methods Clinical data of 91 patients with early gastric cancer after H.pylori eradication were collected from October 2017 to June 2023 in Wuhan No.1 Hospital.Based on the pathological diag-nosis,the endoscopic manifestations of gastric mucosa and early gastric cancer after eradication of H.pylori were summa-rized.The accuracy of endoscopic ultrasonography combined with LCI/BLI-ME in determining the infiltrating depth of early gastric cancer and the related factors affecting the accuracy were evaluated.Sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy were used to in-dicate the effectiveness of endoscopic diagnosis.Chi-square test was used to compare the difference between endoscopic diagnosis and pathological diagnosis.Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the factors affecting the diagnostic accuracy of en-doscopy.Results The overall accuracy of endoscopic ultrasonography combined with LCI/BLI-ME in determining the infiltra-tion depth of early gastric cancer after H.pylorieradication was 77.08％,and the accuracies of uT1a and uT1b stages were 82.86％and 61.53％,respectively.There were 12 under-diagnosed cases(17.14％)and 10 over-diagnosed cases(38.46％).The sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value and negative predictive value of endoscopic ultrasonography combined with LCI/BLI-ME in the diagnosis of mucosal lesions were 85.29％,57.14％,82.86％and 61.5％,respectively.The results of univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the maximum diameter of the lesion and the degree of tissue differentia-tion were the factors affecting the diagnostic accuracy,but not the location and shape of the lesion.The accuracy of endoscopy in judging the infiltration depth of early gastric cancer was decreased with the increase of lesion or the reduction of tissue differen-tiation degree.Conclusion Endoscopic ultrasonography combined with LCI/BLI-ME has good clinical application value in deter-mining the infiltration depth of early gastric cancer T1a after H.pylori eradication.The lesion size and the degree of tissue dif-ferentiation affect the accuracy of the judgment.

Standard operating procedure for endobronchial ultrasound guided laser multi-point ablation of mediastinal tumors / 天津医药

The treatment of mediastinal tumor has always been a clinical difficulty due to its complex anatomical location and many important organs.Compared with traditional local treatment,endobronchial ultrasound guided laser multi-point ablation of mediastinal tumors has many advantages,including real-time monitoring of ablation range and effect,avoidance of damage to normal tissue and organs,few side effects and good tolerance.This article describes the standard operating procedure for endobronchial ultrasound guided laser multi-point ablation of mediastinal tumors.