Propriedades psicométricas da Escala de Liderança Servidora / Psychometric properties of the Servant Leadership Scale / Propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Liderazgo Servidora

O líder servidor pode ser visto como alguém motivado por um sentimento de servir sua equipe que vai além dos seus próprios interesses. O estudo teve como objetivo adaptar e reunir evidências iniciais de validade de estrutura interna e de relações com outras variáveis da Escala de Liderança Servidora. A amostra foi composta por 432 trabalhadores brasileiros de ambos os sexos (54,6% do sexo masculino). Na verificação da estrutura interna, foram testados três modelos, mediante a análise fatorial confirmatória, sendo que o modelo de oito fatores correlacionados foi o que apresentou os melhores índices de ajuste. A maioria das dimensões de liderança servidora apresentou correlações de moderadas a fortes com a liderança autêntica, com o engajamento laboral, com o comprometimento organizacional afetivo e com a satisfação laboral. As evidências iniciais de validade presentemente obtidas recomendam o uso futuro da escala em investigações brasileiras. (AU)

The server leader is seen as someone motivated by a feeling of serving their team that goes beyond their own interests. The aim of the study was to adapt and gather initial evidence of internal structure validity and relationships with other variables for the Servant Leadership Scale. The sample consisted of 432 Brazilian workers of both sexes (54.6% male). In the verification of the internal structure, three models were tested through confirmatory factor analysis, with the model of eight correlated factors being the one that presented the best fit indices. The majority of the dimensions of servant leadership had moderate to strong correlations with authentic leadership, job engagement, affective organizational commitment, and job satisfaction. The initial evidence of validity obtained strengthens the possibility of the future use of the scale in Brazilian investigations. (AU)

El líder servidor es visto como alguien motivado por un sentimiento de servir a su equipo que va más allá de sus propios intereses. El estudio tuvo como objetivo adaptar y reunir evidencias iniciales de validez de estructura interna y de relaciones con otras variables de la Escala de Liderazgo Servidor. La muestra fue compuesta por 432 trabajadores brasileños de ambos sexos (54,6% del sexo masculino). En la verificación de la estructura interna fueron probados tres modelos mediante el análisis factorial confirmatorio, siendo que el modelo de los ocho factores correlacionados fue el que presentó los mejores índices de adaptación. La mayoría de las dimensiones de liderazgo servidor presentó correlaciones de moderadas a fuertes con el liderazgo auténtico, con el compromiso laboral, con el compromiso organizacional afectivo y con la satisfacción laboral. Las evidencias iniciales de validez actualmente obtenidas recomiendan el uso futuro de la escala en investigaciones brasileñas. (AU)

Influence of working environment and head nurses'leadership style on nurses′working values / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To explore the current situation of nurses′ working values, working environment and head nurses′ leadership style. To explore the influence factors of nurses′ working environment and head nurse′s leadership style on nurses′working values. Methods By applying random stratified sampling, 499 clinical nurses without administrative titles in 6 hospitals were selected. Questionnaires were adopted as the main research tool. Results Score of nurses′ working values was 3.52 ± 0.56. Score of nurses′working environment was 3.03 ± 0.44. Score of head nurses′transformational leadership style was 2.70 ± 0.76, and score of head nurses′transactional leadership style was 2.23 ± 0.47. Working environment, transformational leadership style and transactional leadership style were positively correlated with nurses′working values (P=0.452, 0.371, 0.234). Conclusions Working values of nurses in general public hospitals of Changsha city is at moderate level. By improving nurses′ working environment and head nurses adopting positive leadership, and in particular, proposing beneficial measures for improving a solid nursing foundation for quality of care, sufficient human resources and intellectual stimulation, nurses′working values can be improved.

Research progress on the core competence of head nurses / 中国基层医药

With the rapid development of economy and society and the progress of health care,the requirements of the head nurses＇core competence are also changing.The head nurse,as the manager of nursing work ,has gradually raised the requirements on the head nurse in the new era.The development of core competence is the basic requirement of the head nurse,which is of vital importance to the development of the head nurse.This paper introduces the requirements of head nurse ,the role of head nurse,the core competence of head nurse and the methods to cultivate the core competence of head nurse in the new era.

Influence of working environment and head nurses' leadership style on nurses′ working values / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective@#To explore the current situation of nurses′ working values, working environment and head nurses′ leadership style. To explore the influence factors of nurses′ working environment and head nurse′s leadership style on nurses′ working values.@*Methods@#By applying random stratified sampling, 499 clinical nurses without administrative titles in 6 hospitals were selected. Questionnaires were adopted as the main research tool.@*Results@#Score of nurses′ working values was 3.52 ± 0.56. Score of nurses′ working environment was 3.03 ± 0.44. Score of head nurses′transformational leadership style was 2.70 ± 0.76, and score of head nurses′ transactional leadership style was 2.23 ± 0.47. Working environment, transformational leadership style and transactional leadership style were positively correlated with nurses′ working values (P= 0.452, 0.371, 0.234).@*Conclusions@#Working values of nurses in general public hospitals of Changsha city is at moderate level. By improving nurses′ working environment and head nurses adopting positive leadership, and in particular, proposing beneficial measures for improving a solid nursing foundation for quality of care, sufficient human resources and intellectual stimulation, nurses′ working values can be improved.

Influence of multiple leadership in operating room on nurses'innovation efficiency / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To understand the multi-leadership style and nurses'innovative efficacy in operating room nurses, and to analyze the influence of multiple leadership styles of nurses on nurses'innovative efficacy and to provide reference for nurses to improve their efficacy. Methods From March to April 2017, 200 nurses from two operating rooms, Grade-A Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province and two Grade- 3 A hospitals, were selected for convenience of sampling. The general information questionnaire, Multiple leadership style scale, innovative efficacy scale questionnaire. Results The nurses' perceived head nurses'changeable leadership style score was (54.34 ± 11.78) points and the transactional leadership style score was (34.12 ± 7.32) points respectively. The total score of nurses'innovative efficacy was (72.32 ± 14.53), (3.44 ± 0.69) points. The factors influencing nurses'innovative efficacy were the motivation, intellectual stimulation and personalized care in the multi-leadership style of nurse in the operating room (t=4.962, 2.846, 2.796, P <0.05). Conclusions The multi-leadership style of operating room nurse chief can play an active role in promoting the innovation efficacy of operating room nurses. The head nurse should pay attention to cultivating the leadership qualities of diversified leadership style, promote the innovation efficacy of operating room nurses and improve the operating room Nursing service quality.

Correlation between transformational leadership style and nurses' job satisfaction in emergency department / 现代临床护理

Objective To investigate the correlation between transformational leadership style and nurses' job satisfaction in emergency department.Method The survey was done among 168 emergency department nurses from 4 first class hospitals in Guangzhou by the demographic information,multifactor leadership questionnaire and Chinese nurses' job satisfaction scale to investigate the status of transformational leadership style perceived by nurses and nurses' job satisfaction in the emergency departments.Results The score of transformational leadership style perceived by the nurses in the emergency department was (50.60±14.40) and jop satisfaction was (79.80±13.30).The transformational leadership style was positively correlated with nurses' job satisfaction (P＜0.01).Conclusions The transformational leadership style is middle-high level.The nurses' job satisfaction is at low level,Nursing managers should play an active role in transformational leadership style to enhance nurses' job satisfaction in emergency departments.

Evaluating managers’ leadership style, career self-efficacy and burnout among nurses.

Introduction: The present study examined the relation between managers’ leadership style and burnout through career self-efficacy in the framework of a scientific model. Methodology: The study participants included 240 nurses (205 women, 35 men) from Shiraz city hospitals who were selected based on random multistage cluster sampling method. The participants completed three questionnaires of leadership style inventory, career self-efficacy and burnout. The model was analyzed using multiple regression method in simultaneous style based on Baron & Kenni stages. Results & Conclusion: The results showed that: a) managers leadership style is predictive of burnout dimensions, b) managers leadership style is predictive of career self -efficacy dimensions. Totally, the present study findings and Sobel test results showed that career self-efficacy has a moderate role between managers’ leadership style and burnout.

The impact of head nurse's transformational leadership style on emotional labor and psychological empowerment of nurses / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective The study aimed to investigate the influence of head nurse's transformational leadership style on emotional labor and psychological empowerment of nurses.Methods Totally 851 staff nurses from four 3A hospitals were investigated with the Transformational Leadership Style Sub Scale of Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire,Psychological Empowerment Scale and Emotional Labor Scale.Results The head nurse's transformational leadership style scored (2.41±0.81).The psychological empowerment of nurses scored (3.27±0.47),its autonomy dimension scored (3.81±0.50),staying at medium level.The emotional labor of nurses scored (3.68±0.61),its deep acting dimension scored (4.67±0.76),which was above medium level.The indirect correlation coefficient between head nurse's transformational leadership style and emotional labor (r=-0.13) was far higher than direct correlation coefficient (r=-0.04).The psychological empowerment was the full mediation variable by which head nurse's transformational leadership style influence emotional labor of nurses.Conclusions Head nurse's transformational leadership style can enhance nurse's selfefficacy,cognition of work significance and work autonomy,so that nurse's deep acting and positive perception of emotional display can be increased,and nurse's emotional exhaustion and job burnout can be decreased to retain nurses.

Influence of head nurse's multiple leadership style on the nurse's self-efficiency / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To investigate the charge nurses' leadership style perceived by nurses and nurse's self-efficacy,and then analyze the relationship between them.Methods Totally 368 staff nurses from 3A hospitals in Sichuan were investigated with questionnaires.The results underwent analysis.Results The score of charge nurses' transformational leadership style was 58.06±12.10,from high to low in turn was intellectual stimulation (3.10±0.69),inspirational motivation (2.92±0.73),idealized influence (2.88±0.67) and individualized consideration (2.71±0.74).The score of charge nurses' transactional leadership style was 35.77±8.58,from high to low in turn was contingency reward (3.11±0.71),passive exemplary management (3.09±0.75) and active exemplary management (2.75±0.90).The score of nurses' self-efficacy was 83.51±11.62.The transformational leadership style had positively predictive impact on nurses' selfefficacy.Conclusions Nursing managers should apply transformational leadership to improve nurses selfefficacy,promote the physical and mental health of nurses and the long-term development of hospital.

Características de liderazgo de los estilos transformacional /transaccional en los profesionales de enfermería de una IPS de Bogotá 2011 / Characteristics of leadership of the transformational/transactional styles in the nursing professionals of an IPS in Bogotá 2011

El liderazgo un fenómeno de estudio y de interés desde diferentes áreas y disciplinas, se define como el proceso de dirigir en las actividades laborales de los miembros de un grupo y se reconoce como componente fundamental que influye en la efectividad general de una organización. La Enfermería como disciplina, es un proceso que promueve y contribuye a la mejora de las condiciones de salud y vida de la población, el logro de objetivos de cuidado propios de la profesión, y el alcance de las metas propuestas en los servicios de salud, por ello favorece el desarrollo social, profesional y organizacional. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar las características de liderazgo de los estilos Transaccional y Transformacional en los profesionales de Enfermería, a partir de la aplicación del cuestionario MLQ 5x en una IPS de Bogotá en el año 2012, con el fin de contribuir en el mejoramiento de la calidad en la prestación de servicios de la institución. El estudio fue de tipo cuantitativo, descriptivo y transversal. Se aplicó el instrumento MLQ-5X versión corta, basado en la teoría de Bass y Avolio sobre el Liderazgo Transformacional y Transaccional y sus características, a 77 profesionales de enfermería. Como resultado se encontró que los profesionales de Enfermería de la institución identificaron sus características de liderazgo pertenecientes al liderazgo transformacional como son: Influencia Idealizada Conductual en un 65%, Motivación Inspiracional en un 80%, Estimulación Intelectual en un 70%, Consideración Individualizada en un 70%, Esfuerzo Extra en un 80%, Efectividad en un 80% y Satisfacción en un 85%. Se concluyó que en lo concerniente al estudio realizado, se indica que éste permitió identificar las características del liderazgo transformacional y transaccional a través del cuestionario MLQ 5x en la versión líder, con relación a las características del liderazgo transformacional se identificaron las siguientes características de liderazgo Influencia Idealizada Conductual 62%, Motivación Inspiracional 80%, Estimulación Intelectual 70%, Consideración Individualizada 70%, Esfuerzo Extra 80%, Efectividad 80%, Satisfacción 85%. Se encuentra un liderazgo transformacional con tendencia a la categoría alta y un liderazgo transaccional con tendencia a la categoría baja. Por otra parte, respondiendo al objetivo de identificar las características del liderazgo transaccional en los profesionales de Enfermería de la IPS se encontró que los profesionales de Enfermería poco se identifican con estas características teniendo así unos porcentajes como en Recompensa contingente un 58.3%, Excepción Activa 36.2% y excepción pasiva 8.28%. Se identificó que el liderazgo transformacional es el estilo predominante en los profesionales en esta IPS, se encuentra un liderazgo transformacional con tendencia a la categoría alta y un liderazgo transaccional con tendencia a la categoría baja. Es importante incluir en el área de Educación de Enfermería de la institución el tema del liderazgo implementando programas y estrategias que ayuden en el desarrollo de líderes, así como proyectos de educación permanente, exponiéndolo en seminarios, talleres, congresos o simposios, utilizando como base este estudio, donde se establezcan estrategias que fomenten y fortalezcan las características de este Modelo de Liderazgo de Rango Total en el profesional de enfermería.

Leadership, a study and interest phenomenon observed from different areas and disciplines, defined as the process of leading members of a group in their work activities, is recognized as a fundamental component which influences the general effectiveness of an organization. Nursing, as a discipline, is a process that promotes and contributes to the improvement of health and life conditions of the population, achieving health care objectives inherent to the profession, and fulfilling the proposed goals in health services, favoring social, professional and organizational development. This study's objective was to identify the leadership characteristics of the Transactional and Transformational styles in the nursing profession, by applying the MLQ 5x questionnaire at an IPS in Bogota during 2012, in order to contribute in improving the quality of the services rendered by the institution. This was a quantitative, descriptive, and transversal study. The short version of the MLQ-5X instrument based on the Bass and Avolio theory on Transformational and Transactional Leadership and its characteristics was applied to 77 nursing professionals. The result showed that nursing professionals of the institution identified their leadership characteristics pertaining to transformational leadership such as: Idealized Influence Behavior 65%, Inspirational Motivation 80%, Intellectual Stimulation 70%, Individualized Consideration 70%, Extra effort 80%, Effectiveness 80%, and Satisfaction 85%. Regarding the performed study it was concluded that, it allowed the identification of the transformational and transactional leadership characteristics by means of the MLQ 5x questionnaire in leader version. In relation to transformational leadership characteristics the following were identified: Idealized Influenced Behavior 62%, Inspirational Motivation 80%, Intellectual Stimulation 70%, Individualized Consideration 70%, Extra effort 80%, Effectiveness 80% and Satisfaction 85%. As a result there is a transformational leadership with tendency towards a high category and a transactional leadership with tendency towards a low category. On the other hand in response to the objective of identifying transactional leadership characteristics in nursing professionals of the IPS, it was found that nursing professionals are less identified with these characteristics, having percentages such as Contingent Reward 58.3%, Active Exception 36.2% and Passive Exception 8.28%. Regarding the third and last objective, transformational leadership was identified as the predominating style in the professionals of this IPS, a transformational leadership with tendency towards a high category and a transactional leadership with tendency towards a low category were found. It is important to include within the Nursing Education area of the institution the topic of leadership, implementing programs and strategies which help develop leaders, as well as permanent educational projects, by means of seminars, workshops, congresses or symposium, using this study as the base, where strategies are established to promote and strengthen the characteristics of this Total Range Leadership Model in nursing professionals.

An inquiry into nursing leadership style in a hospital

Leadership style has been shown to be an important determinant of organisational success. The aim of this preliminary study was to develop an understanding of leadership style of three employees with leadership responsibility in a hospital. All the participants were interviewed using a structured questionnaire around a framework on leadership behaviours followed by self administered T-P leadership questionnaire and voluntary completion of a leadership perception survey by each of the participant’s colleagues. The results suggest that whilst individuals are aspiring to be transformational in style, key barriers such as organisational culture, inter-professional dynamics and lack of leadership development meant responses more characteristic of a transactional style were encountered. There is a need to have joint responsibility between developing the individual leadership style and the organisation that facilitates such development for their leaders. The author concludes that a more analytical approach to leadership and mentorship opportunities for developments is required.