Two-year clinical outcomes in stable angina and acute coronary syndrome after percutaneous coronary intervention of left main coronary artery disease

BACKGROUND/AIMS: This study appraised the long term clinical outcomes of patients treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for unprotected left main coronary artery (ULMCA) disease. There are limited data regarding long-term clinical outcomes after PCI for ULMCA disease. METHODS: From 2001 to 2011, a total of 448 patients who underwent PCI for ULMCA disease and had 2-year clinical follow-up, were analyzed. The study patients were divided into two groups: group I (stable angina pectoris [SAP], n = 60, 48 men, 62 ± 10 years) and group II (acute coronary syndrome [ACS], n = 388, 291 men, 64 ± 10 years). We evaluated clinical and angiographic characteristics and major adverse cardiac events (MACE) during 2-year clinical follow-up. RESULTS: Mean age of studied patients was 64 ± 10 years with 339 male patients. Average stent diameter was 3.6 ± 0.4 mm and stent length was 19.7 ± 6.3 mm. Stent implantation techniques and use of intravascular ultrasound guidance were not different between two groups. In-hospital mortality was 0% in group I and 7% in group II (p = 0.035). One-month mortality was 0% in group I and 7.7% in group II (p = 0.968). Two-year survival rate was 93% in the group I and 88.4% in the group II (p = 0.921). Predictive factors for 2-year MACE were hypertension, Killip class ≥ 3, and use of intra-aortic balloon pump by multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Although in-hospital mortality rate was higher in ACS than in SAP, clinical outcomes during 2-year clinical follow-up were similar between SAP and ACS after PCI of ULMCA.

A Case of Left Coronary Artery Milking Treated by Direct Stenting During Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in A Patient with Unstable Angina / 대한내과학회지

Coronary artery milking is defined as a systolic compression of the coronary artery, usually resulting from myocardial bridging. Rarely, congenital heart disease, pulmonary hypertension and ventricular aneurysm can lead to coronary artery milking, and there has been a reported case of left anterior descending coronary artery milking after coronary stenting. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is an emerging strategy for treatment of stenosis in the left main stem. We report a case of symtomatic systolic milking at the left main stem treated by direct stenting during PCI in a patient with unstable angina pectoris.

Stent Fracture at the Proximal Shaft of the Left Main Stem

Stent fracture is likely to be caused due to mechanical stress at the hinge point or kinking movement at the point of aneurysm formation with stent malapposition. To our knowledge, this is the first published report of stent fracture at the proximal shaft of the left main stem in a patient with acute myocardial infarction.

Value of ST segment elevation of aVR lead in patients with acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective To asses the value of ST segment elevation of aVR lead (aVRSTE) in patients with acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Method Myocardial enzymes detection, electrocar-dingraphy, emergency eornary artery angiography, echoeardiography [taken(10±2) days after emergency cornary artery angiography] were obtained and analyzed in 140 consecutive patients with STEMI enrolled in this study. The value of aVRSTE (≥0.05 mV) was assessed for detecting left main stem lesions(defined as ≥50% stenosis of or acute embolism of left main stem)or its equivalent (defined as total or subtotal acute occlusion of left anterior de-scending artery), and predicting the left ventricular systolic function after myocardial infarction. Results The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of aVRSIE in detection of left main stem lesions were 72.73 % (8/11), 83.72 % (108/129),27.59 % (8/29) and 97.30% (108/111), respectively; in detection of left main stem lesions or its equivalent, they were 41.86 % (18/43), 88.66% (86/97), 62.07 % (18/29), 77.48% (86/111); aVRSYE were combined with STaVR-STv1>0 to detect left main stem lesions, the semi-tivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 63.64% (7/11),98.45%(127/129),77.78%(7/9),96.95% (127/131). Patients were divided into two groups: groups A with aVRSIE and group B without aVRSYE. KIIJJP class,and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in group A was higher than those in group B (P<0.05). Conclusions For patients with STEMI: (1) aVRSTE indicated left main stem le-sions or its equivalent; if combined with STaVR-STv1>0, it indicated left main stem lesions more strongly; (2)aVRSTE predicted poorer left ventricular systohc function short time after STEMI.

Left Main Stem Bronchus Compression Occurred in Primary Pulmonary Hypertension Patient: A case report / 대한마취과학회지

Eleven year-old boy was scheduled for right encephalo-duro arterial synangiosis (EDAS). He received left EDAS 4 months ago, and there was no problem during the perioperative period. Mild cardiomegaly was suspected in his preoperative chest PA. After intubaton, we couldn't hear the breathing sound of left chest, and the saturation went down to 95%. There was large opaque hemithorax on emergency chest AP, and on the fiberoptic bronchoscopic examination, left main stem bronchus (LMSB) was observed slit-like appearance. Echocardiography revealed severely dilated right atrium and ventricle. In his chest CT, the LMSB was nearly obliterated. The patient was diagnosed as primary pulmonary hypertension, and received full sedation, controlled ventilation, and NO gas. However, the blood pressure of this patient was not maintained in spite of using high-dose inotropics. He expired two days later and this case warns that suspected mild cardiomegaly might hide more ominous sign of primary pulmonary hypertension.