Reflection on the Legal Issues of the Pooled Medicines Procurement / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To provide policy recommendations for improvement of the pooled medicines procurement policy through legal analysis. METHODS:The pooled medicines procurement policies in China were reviewed and compared with related laws and regulations to analyze the problems and put forward recommendations. RESULTS:For the pooled medicines procurement policy,there were several conflicts between it and the Bidding Law,Government Procurement Law,Anti-monopoly Law and An-ti-unfair Competition Law. In terms of the pooled medicines procurement institution,there were conflicts between it and Bidding Law,Government Procurement Law. In terms of the price-volume linkage and the main body of tendering,there were conflicts be-tween it and the Bidding Law. In terms of the organization and participants,there were conflicts between it and the Anti-monopoly Law and Anti-unfair Competition Law. CONCLUSIONS:The pooled medicines procurement system should rationalize the main body of tendering,insist on volume secured procurement and price-volume linkage,establish reasonable incentive mechanism through supporting heath system reform policies,eatablish and perfect modern government principles in the field of medicines regulation. The pooled drug procurement policy should be moderately adjusted to follow the above laws in order to raise the procurement efficiency.

Analysis on the Ethical and Legal Issues of Big Data of Biobank / 中国医学伦理学

Aiming at the application of big data of biobank , this paper briefly analyzed the ethical and legal is-sues.Combined with the potential legal attribute of biobank namely creditor ' s right, virtual property right , and new intellectual property right , this paper also detailed the legal basis of biobank .Regarding the disputes existing in the big data ' s ownership of biobank and non -establishment of the sharing system of big data , this paper mean-while put forward some planning assumptions and suggestions .Firstly, the boundary between privacy protection and the development of big data should be determined .Secondly , the legal attribute and ownership of the big data of biobank should be confirmed .Finally, it should establish a sharing system of biobank when strengthen the protec-tion of intellectual property right .

Analysis on the Ethical and Legal Issues of Big Data of Biobank / 中国医学伦理学

Aiming at the application of big data of biobank , this paper briefly analyzed the ethical and legal is-sues.Combined with the potential legal attribute of biobank namely creditor ' s right, virtual property right , and new intellectual property right , this paper also detailed the legal basis of biobank .Regarding the disputes existing in the big data ' s ownership of biobank and non -establishment of the sharing system of big data , this paper mean-while put forward some planning assumptions and suggestions .Firstly, the boundary between privacy protection and the development of big data should be determined .Secondly , the legal attribute and ownership of the big data of biobank should be confirmed .Finally, it should establish a sharing system of biobank when strengthen the protec-tion of intellectual property right .

Evaluation of conservation of endangered species through somatic cell nuclear technology / 대한수의학회지

The number of wild animal species is gradually decreasing due to poaching, hunting and habitat loss. While several endangered animal species have been successfully preserved at the zoo, assisted reproductive technology (ART) must be applied to restore wild animals. In the case of critically endangered animals, somatic cell cloning is considered the most appropriate method of ART. Somatic cell cloning can be beneficial for the reproduction of endangered species with limited female populations. However, gene and cell banks, and understanding of reproductive physiology and optimization of ART for wild animals are urgently required for further activation of artificial reproduction of endangered species, which enlarges its application and maintains biodiversity. Care should also be taken to consider ethical and legal issues associated with somatic cell cloning for conservation of endangered animals.

Patterns of medical accidents and disputes in the orthodontic field in Korea / 대한치과교정학회지

The committee of admitted doctors developed a questionnaire regarding medical dispute and distributed it to 1,600 members of Korean Academy of Orthodontics. The questionnaire consisted of three categories and 56 items covering basic information about the doctors and patients who had experienced medical disputes, the cause and workaround of medical accidents, and methods for taking precautions. The present survey showed a similar proportion of responders who had experienced a medical accident compared to the study in 1997. The primary reason for medical disputes was dissatisfaction with appearance. Many doctors felt that they would likely experience a medical dispute at some point. Most disputes were settled by doctors themselves, usually for an amount of less than 5 million Korean won. For some doctors, medical accidents lead to ongoing psychological problems. Responders felt that continuing education for medical dispute is very necessary. These results reveal a need for the association of orthodontists to lead advancements in education and countermeasures for preventing and managing medical accidents and disputes.

Novos paradigmas e velhos discursos: analisando processos de adolescentes em conflito com a lei / New paradigms and old discourses: analyzing proceedings of adolescents in conflict with the law

Este artigo evidencia análises contidas na dissertação cujo objetivo foi analisar os discursos dos operadores jurídico-sociais em processos judiciais de Varas da Infância e Juventude de duas cidades brasileiras. Os direitos das crianças e adolescentes, a questão social e a análise do discurso configuraram-se como referenciais teóricos e de análise. Resultados evidenciaram discursos de proteção e revelaram também a intenção de punição. A questão social foi ignorada pelos operadores a despeito dos contextos em que ocorreram as infrações.

This article presents an analysis of the discourse of the legal and social operators in judicial proceedings of Childhood and Youth Courts of two Brazilian cities. Children and adolescents rights, the social issue and the analysis of the discourse were arranged as the theoretic and analytic references. The results show discourses related to protection as well as punitive purpose. The social issue was ignored by the operators in spite of the situations in which the infractions occurred.

Oocyte Donation in Infertility Treatment / 대한산부인과학회지

Recent advances in assisted reproductive technology have been able to overcome the nearly all problems associated with traditional infertility factor. IVF and ET using donated oocyte has brought new hope to many couples who otherwise would remain childless, so oocyte donation can be the alternative treatment modality for specific fatal infertility patients. The high success rate of this procedure has led to its wide application in women with ovarian failure or dysfunction, at various ages and for various etiologies. Oocyte donation is also offered to patients who repeatedly fail to conceive with standard IVF. But there are many conflicting issues in this procedure such as moral, ethical, medical, legal problems. We review the technical aspects related with oocyte donation in infertility treatment and ethico-legal issue.